Marezenisi eVatyairi vendege uye Nzira Yebasa Renyu reNdege

Chitupa chekutyaira ndege yekutengeserana hachisvikirwi negwaro rimwe chete remutyairi. Chinogadzirwa negwaro rekuongorora, awa yekufamba neawa yekufamba nendege, kutanga neFAA foundation imwecheteyo kungave uri kuchinja mabasa pamakore makumi matatu kana kutanga mushure mechikoro chesekondari. Kunzwisisa marezenisi ekutyaira ndege usati wanyoresa kunokubatsira kusarudza nzira yekudzidzira inofambira mberi nechinangwa pane kutambisa nguva, mari, uye simba.

FAA inopa magwaro aya sezvitupa uye mareti, asi vanoda kutyaira ndege vanowanzoati marezenisi ekutyaira ndege. Chinokosha kufambira mberi: chitupa chega chega chinowedzera ndege, mamiriro ekunze, kana mikana yekubhururuka inobhadharwa inowanikwa kwauri. Kune mudzidzi ane pfungwa dzebasa, chinangwa hachisi chekungopasa rwendo runotevera. Chinangwa ndechekuvaka chimiro chehunyanzvi chakakwana, chakagadzirira ndege.

Marezenisi eVatyairi vendege: Kutevedzana kweKudzidziswa kweFAA

Nzira inokurumidza inowanzova nzira yakarongeka kubva pakusava neruzivo kusvika kuzvidzidzo zvebhizinesi uye zvemurairidzi. Unogona kudzidzisa chitupa chimwe panguva, asi chirongwa cheFAA Part 141 chakarongeka zvakanaka chinobatanidza nhanho yega yega kuitira kuti ruzivo rwako, maitiro, uye ruzivo rwako rwendege zvirambe zvichikura.

Chitupa chemutyairi wendege wemudzidzi uye chitupa chekurapa

Usati wabhururuka wega, unoda chitupa chemutyairi wendege cheFAA uye chitupa chekurapa chendege chakakodzera. Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vari kutsvaga basa rehunyanzvi vanosarudza chiremba wepamusoro-soro nekukurumidza. Hazvidikanwi kuti uwane chitupa chega chega, asi ndiyo mwero wekurapa unodiwa kune vatyairi vendege vane ropafadzo dzekufambisa ndege uye kubhururuka nendege.

Kuwana chiremba wepamusoro-soro usati wazvipira kudzidzira zvakanyanya inzira yekudzivirira njodzi. Dambudziko rehutano haringogumisi chinangwa chekufamba nendege, uye mamiriro mazhinji ezvinhu anogona kuongororwa kana kubvumidzwa kuburikidza neFAA process. Kunyange zvakadaro, kuziva kwaumire nekukurumidza kunodzivirira kushamisika kusingafadzi mushure mekunge wapedza nguva yakawanda mukudzidzira.

Yakavanzika Pilot License (PPL)

Rezenisi Yekutyaira Yega ndipo panova neruzivo rwechokwadi rwekubhururuka. Unodzidza kudzora ndege, kufamba, kutaurirana neredhiyo, maitiro ekukurumidzira, kusarudza mamiriro ekunze, kuronga nyika, uye chirango chekushanda semutyairi wendege ari kutungamira. Mushure mekupasa bvunzo yeruzivo rweFAA uye bvunzo inoshanda, unogona kubhururuka kuti uzvifambise wega uye uzvivaraidze, zvichienderana nekodzero nemiganhu yechitupa chako.

Kuwana PPL hakusi chitupa chebasa. Haugone kubhadharwa kuti ungotakura vafambi kana kubhururutsa ndege pasi pemvumo yekutyaira ndege. Asi ndicho chinhu chekutanga chakakosha pakuvaka hunyanzvi. Vadzidzi vanokudziridza tsika dzakasimba pano vanowanzo dzidza nekushandisa michina nebhizinesi vaine chivimbo uye kufunga zviri nani.

Chiyero Chekushandisa

Chiyero cheInstrument Rating chinosiyanisa kubhururuka kwemhepo isina kuchena nekuronga ndege kwehunyanzvi. Chinoita kuti ukwanise kubhururuka pasi peInstrument Flight Rules, kana kuti IFR, zvinoreva kushanda uchitaura nezvemidziyo uye mukati mehurongwa hwekudzora mafambiro emhepo kana mamiriro ekunze achida.

Kubasa rekufambisa ndege, chiyero ichi hachisi chekusarudza chero chinhu chinoshanda. Makambani endege anoshanda nenguva, kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze anochinja, uye munzvimbo dzakaoma dzendege. Kudzidziswa kwezvishandiso kunodzidzisa kunyatsoita zvinhu: kubata kukwirira kwawakapihwa, kutevera nzira, kuverenga masisitimu emamiriro ekunze, kugadzirisa mutoro webasa, uye kuita sarudzo dzakadzikama paunenge usingakwanise kuvimba nemaonero ari kunze kwegirazi repamberi.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti kudzidziswa kwezvishandiso kunogona kuita sekunge kwakaoma kune vatyairi vendege vakangobhururuka nemaziso chete. Ndosaka zvichikosha. Zvinovaka hunyanzvi hunoshandiswa nevatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi parwendo rwese.

Yekutengesa Pilot Chitupa

Chitupa cheCommercial Pilot chinokutendera kuti ubhadharwe mamwe mabasa ekubhururuka, chero bedzi uchizadzisa mitemo yeFAA nezvinodiwa pakushanda. Ndiyo nguva apo mudzidzi wekutyaira ndege anokodzera kuita basa rekubhururuka rinobhadharwa.

Kudzidziswa kwebhizinesi kunopfuura kungodzidza kubhururuka nemazvo. Unovandudza mafambiro ako, unobhururutsa ndege dzakaoma, unogadzira ruzivo rwepamusoro rwekufamba munyika, uye unoratidza mwero wepamusoro weruzivo rwekubhururuka uye kutonga. Chitupa chebhizinesi chega hachivimbise basa rendege, asi chinovhura mukana wemabasa anovaka ruzivo rwehunyanzvi.

Kurongeka kwekudzidziswa kune simba guru padanho iri. Pasi pechirongwa chakakodzera cheFAA Part 141, nzira yekutengeserana inokurumidziswa inogona kusvika pazvitupa zvekutengeserana mumaawa zana negumi nerimwe chete endege pasi peFAR Part 141.55(e). Iyoyo mukana une musoro kune vadzidzi vane hunyanzvi vari kutsvaga nzira yakatwasuka, kunyangwe nguva yekupedza ichiri kutsamira pakugadzirira, mamiriro ekunze, kupinda, uye kufambira mberi kwemunhu wega.

Multi-Injini Rating

Ndege dzendege dzine injini dzinopfuura imwe chete, saka kudzidziswa kwemainjini akawanda idanho rakakosha pabasa. Chiyero cheMulti-Engine Rating chinokudzidzisa kushandisa ndege dzinoshanda zvakanaka, kugadzirisa kusunda kusina kuenzana, kuona uye kupindura kana injini dzakundikana, uye kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza uye kuoma kwakawanda.

Chitupa che "multi-injini rating" chinowanzowedzerwa pachitupa chebhizinesi, zvichiita kuti zvikwanisike kuti vashandirwi vatarisire mabasa mazhinji ebasa rekutanga. Haisi kungova CV chete. Kudzidziswa uku kunoda kudzorwa kwakanyatsojeka kwendege uye mhinduro yakangwarira mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika.

Flight Murayiridzi Zvitupa

Kune vazhinji vatyairi vendege vatsva, nzira yakananga yekuvaka nguva yekubhururuka inodiwa nendege ndeyekuva Certified Flight Instructor. Chitupa cheCFI chinokupa mvumo yekudzidzisa vadzidzi vega nevebhizinesi. Kuwedzera Certified Flight Instrument rating, inozivikanwa seCFII, uye Multi-Engine Instructor rating, kana MEI, kunowedzera kudzidziswa kwaunogona kupa uye ruzivo rwaunogona kuwana.

Kudzidzisa ibasa rinoda simba. Unofanira kubhururuka nemazvo uchitsanangura maitiro, uchitarisa mumwe mutyairi wendege, uchigadzirisa njodzi, uye uchichinja kudzidzisa kwako kuti kuenderane nemaitiro akasiyana ekudzidza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, unokudziridza ruzivo rwakasimba rwehunyanzvi, hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana hwakapinza, uye ruzivo rwakakura rwekubhururuka. Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vakatanga mabasa avo vari muchigaro chakakodzera chendege yekudzidzisa, vachidzidzisa chizvarwa chinotevera chevatyairi vendege.

Kubva paCommercial Pilot kuenda kuATP

Chitupa cheAirline Transport Pilot, kana kuti ATP, ndicho chitupa chepamusoro-soro cheFAA pilot. Ndicho chitupa chine chekuita nekushanda kwendege uye chinofanirwa kushanda sekaputeni mubasa rendege reChikamu 121. Mapurisa mazhinji endege anodawo chitupa cheATP kana nzira yeATP yakarambidzwa.

Kune vatyairi vendege vazhinji, ATP yakajairika inoda maawa ekubhururuka chiuru nemazana mashanu pamwe chete nezvinodiwa zveruzivo. Vamwe vakapedza kudzidza muzvirongwa zvedhigirii rekubhururuka zvakatenderwa uye vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi vanogona kukodzera ATP Yakaganhurirwa pahuwandu hwemaawa mashoma. Kukodzera kunoenderana nedzidzo yako chaiyo, zvinyorwa zvekudzidziswa, uye ruzivo rwekubhururuka, saka iyi inzvimbo inonyanya kukosha.

Nguva iri pakati pechitupa chebhizinesi nekodzero yeATP ndipo panotanga kusarudzwa kuronga basa. Mutyairi wendege haadi maawa akawanda chete, asiwo ruzivo rwakakodzera: nguva yekushandisa michina, kubhururuka munyika dzakasiyana, kushanda husiku, kushandisa mainjini akawanda, uye ruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwekuita sarudzo dzakanaka. Kudzidziswa kwendege inzira yakasimbiswa, asi kuongorora ndege, charter, cargo, uye kubhururuka kwemakambani zvinogona kukodzerawo zvichienderana nemikana iripo uye nguva yebasa.

Chikonzero nei Nzvimbo Yekudzidzisa Ichichinja Mhedzisiro

Chikoro chega chega chendege chinogona kushambadza zvitupa. Mubvunzo uri nani ndewekuti chikoro chinogona here kukufambisa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwese pasina kupokana kusingakoshi. Kuwanikwa kwendege, kuenderera mberi kwemurayiridzi, mhando yezvidzidzo, mukana wekutarisa rwendo, uye rutsigiro rwehutungamiriri zvese zvinokanganisa kuti mudzidzi ane chido anosvika sei padanho rinotevera nekukurumidza.

Kubvumidzwa kweFAA Chikamu 141 kunokosha nekuti kunopa sirabhasi inotenderwa, kuongororwa kwakarongeka kwedanho, uye mwero wakatsanangurwa wekudzidziswa. Inogonawo kupa ruzivo rwakaderera rwekufamba nendege kuvadzidzi vanokodzera. Pakudzidziswa kwebasa, chimiro ichocho chinokupa nzira yakayerwa pane muunganidzwa wezvidzidzo zvisina kubatana.

Kuronga Checkride chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Mudzidzi akadzidziswa uye akagadzirira haafanire kurasikirwa nesimba achimirira mwedzi yakawanda kuti aonekwe nemuongorori wekunze. Florida Flyers Flight Academy ine FAA Self-Examination Authority, ichibvumira bvunzo dzinoshanda dzinofanirwa kuitwa mukati mekambani uye ichibatsira kugadzira nzira yekudzidzisa inodzorwa zvakanyanya. Kubatsira ikoko kunokosha kana chinangwa chako chiri chekusvika pakubhururuka kwebhizinesi uye kutanga kuvaka nguva pasina kunonoka kunodzivisika.

Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vanofanirawo kuronga zvinopfuura chirongwa chekufamba nendege. Kunyoresa vhiza yeM-1, zvinodiwa zveTSA, pekugara, kero yeUS, uye magwaro eFAA zvese zvinoda kurongeka. Chikoro chine rutsigiro rwevadzidzi vekunze kwenyika chinogona kubvisa zvipingamupinyi zvehutungamiriri zvinokanganisa kudzidziswa.

Sarudza Marezenisi ePilot eBasa Raunoda

Hapana nzira pfupi iri pedyo nezvinodiwa neFAA, uye hazvifanirwe kudaro. Vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi vane basa guru rekutakura vafambi, ndege, nevashandi. Chaunogona kudzora kushanda zvakanaka kwenzira yako: dzidzisa nguva dzose, chengetedza kukodzera kwako kurapwa, sarudza chirongwa chakarongwa, uye uwane chitupa chimwe nechimwe chine chinotevera chatoonekwa.

Chidzidzo chako chekutanga chingatanga nechinangwa chako chekutyaira, asi hurongwa hwakakodzera hunogona kukuendesa kubva padanho rekudzidzira kuenda kukamba yemutyairi wendege. Tanga nechitupa chinoenderana neruzivo rwako rwemazuva ano, wobva wavaka chiyero chega chega chakavakirwa pabasa raunoda kubhururuka naro.