Maitiro Ekusangana Nekukodzera Kwemutyairi Wendege Yekutengesa

Chitupa chekutyaira ndege yekutengeserana ndipo panova basa rekubhururuka. Chinokubvumira kubhadharwa nekuda kwekushanda kwekubhururuka kwakakodzera, asi hachisi tikiti rekutyaira ndege rinongoerekana raitwa. Kuti uwane kukodzera kwekutyaira ndege yekutengeserana, unoda maawa anopfuura ekubhururuka. Unoda zvitupa zvakakodzera, hurongwa hwekurapa huripo, kudzidziswa kwakarongwa, kugadzirira bvunzo yeruzivo rweFAA, uye kugona kupasa bvunzo inoshanda.

Kune vadzidzi vanonyanya kutarisa pabasa, danho rakangwara nderekuvaka chiyero chega chega nenzira chaiyo kubva pazuva rekutanga. Nzira yekumhanya-mhanya kana isina kurongeka zvakanaka inogona kugadzira mipata inodhura gare gare, kunyanya kana wasvika pakugadzirira injini dzakawanda, mudzidzisi, uye ATP. Chirongwa chakarongeka chinochengetedza chinangwa chiri pamberi: chitupa chebhizinesi kutanga, uye zvinotarisirwa nemakambani endege nevashandi vehunyanzvi.

Zvaunoda Kuti Usangane Nekukodzera Kwekutyaira Kwemutyairi Wemabhiza

FAA inogadza zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvechitupa chekutyaira ndege. Kune chitupa chekutyaira ndege, vanonyorera vanofanirwa kunge vaine makore gumi nemasere zvichikwira, vachikwanisa kuverenga, kutaura, kunyora, uye kunzwisisa Chirungu, uye vane chitupa chekutyaira ndege chakazvimirira muchikamu chakakodzera uye kirasi.

Unofanirawo kupedzisa kudzidziswa kunodiwa pasi nepakubhururuka, kupasa bvunzo yeFAA yeruzivo rwekutyaira ndege, kuwana mvumo yakakodzera yemudzidzisi, uye kupasa bvunzo yekushanda yekutyaira ndege yekutengeserana, inowanzonzi checkride. Checkride inoongorora zvinopfuura kana uchikwanisa kumhara zvakanaka. Muongorori achaongorora sarudzo dzako dzemundege, kuronga ndege, kudzora ndege, maitiro ekukurumidzira, kufamba, uye kugona kushanda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvebhizinesi.

Chitupa chebhizinesi hachibvisi kudiwa kwekuwana chitupa chekurapa chinoenderera mberi. Vatyairi vendege vanobhururuka vachida muripo kana kuhaya vanowanzoda chitupa chekurapa cheFAA chekirasi yechipiri pavanenge vachishandisa maropafadzo ekutyaira ndege. Unogona kutanga kudzidziswa kwekubhururuka usati wawana kiredhiti rechipiri rekurapa, asi vadzidzi vane basa vanofanira kuwana chimwe nekukurumidza. Kuwana dambudziko rekurapa mushure mekushandisa nguva yakawanda nemari mukudzidziswa idambudziko risingadiwi nemutyairi wendege wemangwana.

Zera uye zvinodiwa mumutauro weChirungu

Zera repamusoro rekuti munhu awane chitupa chekutyaira ndege yekutengeserana i18. Izvi hazvirevi kuti unofanira kumirira kusvika makore 18 kuti utange. Vadzidzi vanogona kutanga kudzidziswa kwavo kwekutyaira ndege vega vasati vasvika uye vanogona kutanga vega vasati vawana chitupa chekutyaira chega, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nezera reFAA. Kutanga nekukurumidza kunogona kuita kuti mudzidzi afarire kusvika pakudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege yekutengeserana achangosvitsa makore 18.

Kugona Chirungu kunoshandawo. Kufamba nendege muUnited States kunoshanda muChirungu, kubva pakutaurirana kwekutonga kwendege kusvika kubvunzo dzakanyorwa dzeFAA, mabhuku ekushandisa ndege, uye hurukuro dzekuongorora. Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vanogona kudzidzira FAA muUnited States, asi vanofanira kunge vakagadzirira kutaurirana nemazvo uye nechivimbo munzvimbo yendege.

Maawa Ekufamba Nendege: Chikamu 61 vs. Chikamu 141 Zvinodiwa

Kune vazhinji vanoda kubhururuka nendege, nguva yekubhururuka ndiyo nyaya huru yekukodzera. Pasi peFAA Part 61, munhu anenge achinyorera chitupa chendege yekutengeserana ine injini imwe chete anowanzoda maawa angangoita 250 ekubhururuka. Maawa iwayo anofanira kusanganisira ruzivo rwakakwana, kwete nguva inopedzerwa achibhururuka munzvimbo yemuno chete.

Ruzivo runodiwa runosanganisira nguva yakakwana yekutyaira ndege, nguva yekubhururuka kubva kunyika dzakasiyana, kudzidziswa kwezvishandiso, kudzidziswa kwekufambisa zvinhu zvebhizinesi, uye ruzivo rwekufamba uri wega kana kubva kunyika dzakasiyana. Kubhururuka kwenguva refu kamwe chete kunodiwa kunofanira kusangana neFAA daro uye zvinodiwa zvekumhara. Kuongororwa kwacho kwakakosha, nekuti maawa 250 chete haavimbisi kuti unokodzera kurongerwa.

Kudzidziswa kweFAA Part 141 kunogona kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Vadzidzi vakanyoresa mukosi yekutyaira ndege inotenderwa neFAA vanogona kukodzera pasi pehuwandu hweruzivo rwemuchadenga hwakaderedzwa nekuti kudzidziswa kunotevera sirabhasi yakatenderwa, yakarongeka ine kuongororwa kwedanho uye mwero wekupedzisa kosi. Mari shoma chaiyo inoenderana nekosi yakatenderwa uye chitupa chiri kutevedzwa.

Musiyano iwoyo ndosaka vanyori vakakomba vasingafanirwe kuenzanisa zvikoro zvichibva pamutengo wendege weawa imwe chete. Chirongwa chakarongeka cheChikamu 141 chinogona kupa nzira inokurumidza uye inodzorwa kupfuura kuunganidza zvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa zvishoma nezvishoma pasi peChikamu 61. Zvinogadzirawo kuzvidavirira kwakajeka: unoziva kuti chidzidzo chipi, danho, uye zvinodiwa zvinotevera.

Florida Flyers Flight Academy inopa kudzidziswa kwebasa reFAA Part 141 kwakavakirwa pakufambira mberi uku kwakarongeka, kusanganisira sarudzo dzekutyaira dzebhizinesi dzinokurumidza kukwidziridzwa kuvadzidzi vane hunyanzvi. Chinangwa hachisi chekungounganidza nguva. Chinokosha kupedzisa nguva yakakodzera, kudzidziswa, uye kuongororwa munhevedzano inotsigira basa rehunyanzvi rekubhururuka.

Nei chiyero chezviridzwa chichifanira kutanga kudzidziswa kwebhizinesi

Kuongororwa kwezvishandiso hakudiwi nguva dzose pamutemo pabasa rega rega rekutengeserana, asi kwakakosha kune vazhinji vanotyaira ndege vari kutsvaga basa rehunyanzvi. Kunobvumira mutyairi wendege kushanda pasi peMitemo yeKubhururuka kweZvishandiso uye kunobvisa zvirambidzo zvikuru zvine chekuita nekushanda kwebhizinesi mumamiriro ezvinhu asingaonekwe zvakanaka.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kudzidziswa kwezvishandiso kunovaka manejimendi akarurama uye mutoro webasa unodiwa nevatyairi vendege. Unodzidza kubhururuka uchifunga nezvezvishandiso, kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzinobviswa, kuronga shanduko, kududzira mamiriro ekunze, uye kuita sarudzo kana maonero ari kunze kwegirazi repamberi asina kukwana. Ndege, madhipatimendi endege emakambani, vashandi vemacharter, uye nzira zhinji dzebasa vanotarisira kugona uku.

Nechikonzero ichocho, nzira yakasimba zvikuru yemudzidzi asingatore nguva yakawanda yebasa inowanzova yekutyaira ndege ari ega, kuyera zviridzwa, injini imwe chete yekutengeserana, injini dzakawanda dzekutengesa, uye kudzidziswa kwemurairidzi wendege. Kune zvimwe zvisingabatanidzwi. Mutyairi wendege ane chitupa chake chega, ane ruzivo rwekare rwechiuto, kana anoda chitupa chekutengeserana chebasa rakati anogona kutevedzera imwe nzira. Asi chinangwa chekupedzisira chinofanira kutungamira hurongwa hwekudzidziswa.

Kukodzera Kurapwa Chisarudzo Chebasa

Chitupa chekurapa chegiredhi rechipiri chinowanzoonekwa semapepa ebasa. Iko kukanganisa. Inzvimbo yekutarisa basa.

Kuongororwa kwechiremba kweFAA kunoongorora nzvimbo dzakadai sekuona, kunzwa, hutano hwemwoyo, mishonga, nhoroondo yehutano hwepfungwa, uye mamwe mamiriro ehutano akambovapo. Vazhinji vanonyorera vanokodzera pasina dambudziko, uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kugadziriswa kuburikidza nemaitiro eFAA. Kunyange zvakadaro, usafunge kuti dambudziko rehutano richazvigadzirisa wega mushure mekunge wanyoresa.

Ronga bvunzo neAviation Medical Examiner usati waita zvibvumirano zvemari zvikuru kune nzira yehunyanzvi yekutyaira. Kana dambudziko richida mamwe magwaro kana kuburitswa kwakakosha kweFAA, gadzirisa nekukurumidza. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune vanochinja basa vanogona kunge vaine nhoroondo refu yekurapa kana kutora mishonga yakanyorerwa nachiremba.

Ziva kuti gwaro rekurapa remhando yechipiri harigari riri remhando yechipiri nekusingaperi pachinangwa chega chega. Nguva yaro uye maropafadzo aro anotsigira zvinosiyana zvichienderana nezera rako uye rudzi rwekubhururuka kwauri kuita. Mutyairi wendege ane hunyanzvi anoona gwaro rekurapa sebasa rinoenderera mberi, kwete bhokisi rekutarisa kamwe chete.

Zvinodiwa zveKudzidziswa Kunze kweLogbook

Kukodzera kwebhizinesi kwakavakirwa mubhuku renhoroondo, asi FAA inotarisira nhanho yepamusoro yekutonga kupfuura yainoita kubva kumutyairi wendege wega. Munguva yekudzidziswa, uchagadzirisa maneuverances akadai sechandelles, lazy eights, eights pamapylon, steep spirals, power-off 180-degree accuracy landings, uye emergency procedures. Ma maneuverance aya anoedza maneuverance yesimba, comordination, planning, uye lucid.

Uchafanirawo kuratidza kuti unonzwisisa divi rebhizinesi nemutemo rekubhururuka kwendege dzekutengeserana. Izvi zvinosanganisira mitemo inotonga muripo kana kubhadharwa, kusarudza mamiriro ekunze, mashandiro endege, zvinhu zvekurapa mumhepo, huremu nekuenzanisa, uye zvipingamupinyi pakushanda. Kupasa bvunzo yeruzivo kwakakosha. Kushandisa ruzivo irworwo panguva chaiyo yekufamba nendege ndiko kunoratidza kuti wagadzirira.

Kugadzirira kwakanakisisa ndiko kuramba uchidzidzira nguva dzose. Kugara kwenguva refu pakati pezvidzidzo kunogona kukanganisa hunyanzvi hwako uye kuwedzera mari. Kuwanikwa kwendege, kuramba uchidzidzira, mamiriro ekunze, kugadzirisa, uye kuronga rwendo rwekufamba netsoka zvese zvinokanganisa kuti unopedza nekukurumidza sei. Chirongwa chekukurumidzisa chinoshanda zvakanyanya kune vadzidzi vanogona kushandisa nguva yacho, kudzidza zuva nezuva, uye kubata kudzidziswa sechinangwa chebasa chenguva yakazara.

Checkride: Danho Rako Rokupedzisira Rokukwanisa Kupinda Mutyairi Wendege

Usati watanga rwendo rwekuongororwa kwebhizinesi, mudzidzisi wako anofanira kuona kuti unosangana nezvinodiwa zveFAA aeronautical experience uye kuti wakagadzirira bvunzo yekushanda. Uchapedzisa fomu rekunyorera, woratidza chitupa chako, zvitupa, magwaro ekurapwa sezvakakodzera, mhedzisiro yebvunzo yeruzivo, magwaro ekutsigira, uye zvinyorwa zvekudzidziswa.

Bvunzo yekushanda inosanganisira chikamu chemuromo nechikamu chekubhururuka. Tarisira mibvunzo yakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu pane kungoisa pfungwa nemusoro. Ungangokumbirwa kuronga rwendo rwebhizinesi, kuongorora mamiriro ekunze, kuverenga mashandiro, kutsanangura mitemo, kuona njodzi, uye kuita sarudzo inodzivirirwa yekuenda kana kusaenda. Mundege, mwero wekubhururuka ndewechokwadi, wakachengeteka, uye wehunyanzvi.

Apa ndipo panonyanya kukosha zvivakwa zvechikoro. Mapurogiramu ane ndege dzakavimbika, marekodhi akarongwa, kudzidziswa kwakajairika, uye kugona kuyedza mukati mechikoro kunogona kuderedza kusawirirana kwehurongwa hwebasa kunogona kudzivirirwa. Chinangwa chako chinofanira kuramba chiri pachacho: kugadzirira kuita zviri padanho rekutengeserana.

Vaka Kukodzera Uchifunga Nezvebasa Mushure meKutengeserana

Chitupa chebhizinesi chinovhura mikana, asi vatyairi vendege vatsva vazhinji vachiri kuda kuvaka ruzivo vasati vakwanisa kuwana mabasa ekutanga ehofisi yendege. Kudzidziswa kwendege ndeimwe yenzira dzakajairika uye dzinoshanda dzekuwana ruzivo rwekubhururuka runobhadharwa, ndosaka vadzidzi vazhinji vebasa vachiramba vachidzidziswa zvakananga neCertified Flight Instrument Instrument Instrument.

Kudzidziswa kwemainjini akawanda ndeimwe nhanho inotevera ine hungwaru. Kuongororwa kwemainjini akawanda kunoratidza kuti unogona kushandisa ndege dzakaoma uye kunokugadzirira nguva inodiwa nemainjini akawanda inowanzo shandiswa mundege uye munzira dzehunyanzvi dzekubhururuka. Kubva ipapo, chinangwa chenguva refu chinowanzo kuve kukodzera kweATP uye mitemo yekuhaya ndege.

Tanga nekuwana chiremba wekirasi yechipiri, kusarudza chirongwa chinoenderana nepurogiramu yako uye ruzivo rwako, uye kuzvipira kunhevedzano yekudzidzira isingasiyi mareti akakosha kusvika gare gare. Chitupa chebhizinesi chiitiko chikuru, asi hurongwa hwakakodzera hunoshandura chiitiko ichocho kuita simba rekuenda kubasa remutyairi wendege rawakauya kuzowana.