Kuchengetedzeka Kwechikoro Chendege: Maitiro Ekutonga Chirongwa Usati Wanyoresa

Kudzidzira kubhururuka ndeimwe yenzira dzakachengeteka dzekubhururuka, asi kuchengetedzeka kwekudzidziswa kwako kunoenderana zvakanyanya nechikoro chaunosarudza. Vadzidzi vanotyaira ndege vane huwandu husingasviki hafu yehuwandu hwevatyairi vendege vanofa netsaona, zvichienderana ne Ongororo yeAOPA yetsaona dzekudzidzira kubhururukaKutarisira, hurongwa hwezvidzidzo, maitiro emudzidzisi uye kurangwa kwendege ndizvo zvinoparadzanisa chirongwa chinoshanda zvakanaka kubva kune chisingadhuri, uye zvese zvina zvinogona kuongororwa usati wasaina chero chinhu.

TL; DR

• Vadzidzi vanotyaira ndege, vari vega kana kuti nemudzidzisi, vane huwandu husingasviki hafu yehuwandu hwevatyairi vendege vanofa netsaona, asi kudzidziswa hakusi kusina njodzi.
• Kurasikirwa nekudzora njodzi dzekubhururuka nedzemuchadenga ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera tsaona dzakawanda dzinouraya mundege dzemapiston, saka tsvaga zvikoro zvinodzidzisa kuita sarudzo, kwete kungofambisa chete.
• Zvikoro zveChikamu 141 zvinoshanda pasi pechirongwa chinotenderwa neFAA uye kutariswa kweFAA nguva dzose; Kudzidziswa kweChikamu 61 kunochinjika uye hakutarisirwi zvakanyanya.
• Bvunza chero chikoro nezvekudzidziswa kwakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu, zvinhu zvishoma zvemunhu, chirango chekutarisa, maitiro ekuchengetedza uye kuti chinobata sei mamiriro ekunze nekuneta.
• Kutaura kwekuti 80% yevadzidzi vanorega chikoro ndeyekurega chikoro, kwete njodzi, uye tsika dzakanaka dzechikoro dzinobatsira zvikuru.

Zviri Mukati

• Chikoro chendege chakachengeteka zvakadini, zvechokwadi?
• Chii chinokonzera tsaona dzekudzidziswa
• Chikamu 141 chichienzaniswa neChikamu 61: zvinorevei kwauri kuti uregerere
• Maitiro ekuchengetedza ekutarisa panguva yekushanya kuchikoro
• Ichokwadi here kuti 80% yevadzidzi vanopedza kudzidza nendege vakasiya?
• Vanhu vangani vakakundikana chikoro chekubhururuka?
• Maonero edu: kuchengetedzeka ipurogiramu uye chibvumirano, kwete chirevo
• Mibvunzo yekubvunza chero chikoro usati wabhadhara mari yechikoro
• Kudzidziswa nesu
• FAQ
• Sources

Chikoro chendege chakachengeteka zvakadini, zvechokwadi?

Mhinduro pfupi: yakachengeteka kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu vazhinji, uye yakachengeteka pane kubhururuka mushure mekunge wawana chitupa chako. Ongororo yeAOPA yedata retsaona yakawana kuti vadzidzi vekutyaira ndege vane huwandu husingasviki hafu yehuwandu hwevatyairi vendege vanofa netsaona, vangave vachibhururuka nemudzidzisi kana vari vega. Pamwe chete, data reAOPA Air Safety Institute kubva muna 2014 rakaratidza kuti mwero wenjodzi dzinouraya pandege dzekudzidzisa waive pasi pehafu yedzendege dzendege dzisiri dzekudzidzisa..

Pane zvinhu zviviri zvinokosha kuziva, nekuti mudzidzi anongwarira haafanire kugara achifunga nezvenyaya yacho.

1. Mukana wacho mudiki kune tsaona dzisingauraye. Mundege, huwandu hwetsaona hwaive hwakaderera ne10 muzana chete pakufamba nendege dzinodzidzisa kupfuura pakufamba nendege dzisiri dzekudzidzisa, zvichienderana neongororo imwecheteyo yeAOPAKubhururuka kwendege dzekudzidzira kuchiri kukotama simbi, kunyanya pakumhara.
2. Kuva nemudzidzisi muchikepe hakusi vimbiso. Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chete chetsaona dzekutanga dzekudzidzisa dzakaitika pandege mbiri, asi inenge 65 muzana yetsaona dzekutanga dzakafa dzaive nemudzidzisi, sekureva kwe Kuongorora tsaona dzeAOPAKutonga kwemudzidzisi, kwete kungovapo chete, ndiko kunokudzivirira.

NTSB inopa tsananguro inobatsira yekuti nei vatyairi vendege vachitambura kupfuura vadzidzi: ndivo mikana yakawanda yekuva nemikana yakareba pakati pezvidzidzo uye pakati pendegeVadzidzi vanobhururuka kazhinji, nyanzvi ichitarisa basa ravo. Ndiyo nzira chaiyo yehunyanzvi iyo purogiramu yenguva yakazara inovakwa nayo nekukurumidza.

Chii chinokonzera tsaona dzekudzidziswa

Kuziva nzira dzekukundikana kunokuudza kuti ndedzipi nzira dzekuchengetedza dzinonyanya kukosha. Ongororo yeAOPA Air Safety Institute yetsaona dzekudzidzira kubhururuka dzinouraya mundege dzemapiston pakati pa2000 na2015 yakaratidza kurasikirwa nekudzora pakubhururuka (54%) uye kurovera mudenga (10%) sezvikonzero zvikuru. Mushumo mumwe chetewo wakawana huwandu hwese hwetsaona dzekudzidzisa yakaderera ne35% munguva iyoyo.

Kufamba kwendege kunokoshawo. Ongororo yeAOPA Air Safety Institute ya2014 yakashuma kuti 80% yetsaona dzevadzidzi vega dzakaitika panguva yekusimuka, kumhara kana kuti panguva yekutendereraBasa redzidzo padata reNTSB rinotaura zvakafanana: zvikonzero zvikuru zvezviitiko zvekuchengetedza kune vatyairi vese zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa nekudzora pakubhururuka, kutadza kushanda kwefekitori yemagetsi, kusangana kwenzira dzendege zvisina kujairika uye matambudziko emafuta, sezvakapfupikiswa mu chidzidzo cheScholarly Commons chekuchengetedza mukudzidzira kubhururuka.

Izvi zvinorevei mukuita:

Chikamu 141 chichienzaniswa neChikamu 61: zvinorevei kwauri kuti uregerere

MuUnited States, chikoro chendege chinogona kushanda pasi pe14 CFR Chikamu 61 kana pasi peChikamu 141 chinodzorwa zvakanyanya. Sekureva kweFAA Advisory Circular 141-1BZvikoro zveChikamu 141 zvinofanirwa kuchengetedza purogiramu yedzidzo yakatenderwa neFAA, nzvimbo dzekudzidzisa dzakatsaurirwa uye kutarisirwa kwevadzidzisi vakuru, uye zvinogara zvichiongororwa neFAA.

Tsamba imwecheteyo inoisa mwero unoyerwa unotaura nezvechimwe chinhu chinowanzo netsa: kuti munhu akwanise kuwana chitupa chechikoro chekutyaira, munhu anonyorera anofanira kupedza chikoro chedzidzo yevanhu gumi vakasiyana uye simbisa mwero wekupasa bvunzo dzekushanda kwe80 muzana kana kupfuuraFAA inonyorawo zvikoro zvakatenderwa uye zvinodiwa zvavanosangana nazvo pachikoro ichi. peji reruzivo rwezvikoro zvevatyairi vendege.

Chikamu 141 hachiiti kuti chikoro chive chakachengeteka otomatiki, uye mudzidzisi akanaka weChikamu 61 anogona kuva akanaka kwazvo. Asi chimiro chinhu chekuchengetedza. Sirabhasi ine kuongororwa kwechikuva zvinoreva kuti mumwe munhu asiri mudzidzisi wako wezuva nezuva anosimbisa kuti wagadzirira danho rinotevera, rinova rechipiri rekutarisa panzvimbo apo kusagadzikana kunopinda. Kana uchida kuona kuti izvozvo zvinoshanda sei, vatungamiriri vedu ve Kuongororwa kwechikamu 141 uye kuti zvikoro zveChikamu 141 zvinovimbisa sei dzidzo yakakwana yekuedza fambai nepfungwa yacho zvakadzama.

Maitiro ekuchengetedza ekutarisa panguva yekushanya kuchikoro

Bhurocha rinogara richiti kuchengetedzeka ndiko kunotanga. Kushanya kunokuratidza kana zvichikosha. Gwaro rekudzidzisa reFAA rinokupa ruzivo rwezvaunofanira kutsvaga.

Vadzidzisi vanotevedzera maitiro

Bhuku reFAA rekudzidzisa nezvendege rinoti varairidzi vakanaka muenzaniso wemaitiro akachengeteka, kurukurai kuchengetedzeka uye zvinhu zvekutarisa usati waenda kundege, uye tarisa mashandiro evadzidzi. Chenjerera izvi pamugwagwa. Varairidzi vanonyora runyorwa rwezvekuongorora nemudzidzi here, kana kuti vanobva mundangariro dzavo? Kutaurirana kwevadzidzi vasati vaenda kunofamba ihurukuro chaiyo here nezvemamiriro ekunze, mafuta uye zvinodiwa pakubvisa pamuviri, kana kuti inguva yemaminitsi maviri?

Kudzidziswa kwakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu uye kutonga njodzi

FAA inokurudzira Kudzidziswa Kwakavakirwa Pamamiriro Ezvinhu uye Kutarisirwa Kwezviwanikwa zveMutyairi Mumwe Chete, kuburikidza nenhungamiro yayo yeFAA Industry Training Standards, kuti kubatanidza manejimendi enjodzi, kuita sarudzo uye kuziva mamiriro ezvinhu mundege yega yegaChinangwa ndechekusiya mirairo yakavakirwa pakutungamira chete kuenda kune kudzidziswa kunomanikidza vadzidzi kushandisa sarudzo mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo.

Kumbira chikoro kuti chitsanangure chidzidzo chezviitiko kubva muchirongwa chega chega chekudzidzira. Mhinduro chaiyo, senge yekuyambuka nyika ine mamiriro ekunze akaipa uye sarudzo yekutsauka, chiratidzo chakanaka. Chisina kujeka hachisi.

Zvinhu zvishoma zvemunhu oga uye zvinhu zvekutarisa

Bhuku reFAA Risk Management Handbook (2022) rinokurudzira kuti vatyairi vendege, kusanganisira vadzidzi, gadzira zvinhu zvishoma zvemunhu oga uye shandisa machecklists kuti uenzanise kuongororwa kwenjodziChikoro chinokudzidzisa kunyora pasi mamiriro ako ekunze, mhepo inovhuvhuta uye miganhu yekuneta mumavhiki ekutanga chiri kukudzidzisa tsika inogara kwenguva refu kupfuura kosi yacho. kuti vatyairi vendege vanokoshesa sei kuchengetedzeka kwendege inovhara kuti miganhu iyoyo inoiswa sei.

Ndege, kugadzirisa uye zvinyorwa

Kumbira kuona ngarava dzendege, kwete mufananidzo wadzo. Tarisa kuti ndege dzakachena uye dzakashongedzerwa nguva dzose here, kuti kurira kwacho kwakanyorwa uye kwakavharwa pasina dambudziko, uye kuti vadzidzi vanodzidziswa kuongorora ndege uye kuramba imwe isina kunaka. Bvunza kuti chikoro chinoronga sei kugadzirisa panguva dzekudzidziswa kwakabatikana. Kumanikidzwa kuti ndege dzirambe dzichibhururuka injodzi yetsika inofanirwa kuongororwa.

Tsika dzevanhu vanoti kwete

Chiratidzo chimwe chete chakanakisa ndechekuti vadzidzi vanorumbidzwa here nekukanzura kwavo. Bvunza mudzidzi aripo, kwete timu yekutengesa, kuti chii chinoitika kana vakaramba rwendo rwendege nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze kana kuneta. Mhinduro chaiyo haisi chinhu, kana kubvumidzwa.

Ichokwadi here kuti 80% yevadzidzi vanopedza kudzidza nendege vakasiya?

Nhamba yacho ndeyechokwadi, asi hairevi zvinoreva mubvunzo wacho. Ongororo yakaitwa nekambani yekuvhotera yeAOPA yakawana kuti vanenge 80% vevadzidzi vanotyaira ndege vanobvisa mari yavo yekuzvidira vasati vawana rezinesi rekutanga.Nhau imwe chete iyi yakataura kuti vadzidzi vakapindura zvakanaka padanho rega rega rebasa, nepo vazhinji vakaona varairidzi vasina hunyanzvi hwakakwana kana rutsigiro rwechikoro sevasina hanya.

Cherechedza zviri kuyerwa: kurega kuenda nendege nekuzvidira, kunyanya pakati pevanhu vanotanga kubhururuka vachienda kunonakidzwa, kwete tsaona uye kwete bvunzo dzakakundikana. Kune iwe, chidzidzo ichi chinoshanda. Kuchengetedza mafambiro endege chiratidzo chemhando yepamusoro. Zvikoro zvinoronga kudzidziswa, zvinobhururutsa vadzidzi kakawanda uye zvinobata varairidzi senyanzvi zvinowanzo chengetedza vadzidzi, uye hunhu humwe chete hunochengetedza kuchengetedzeka. Enzanisa izvozvo nemuenzaniso wekusaita basa, kamwe chete pasvondo, apo hunyanzvi hunopera pakati pezvidzidzo, dambudziko chairo renguva iro NTSB inotsanangura pamusoro apa.

Vanhu vangani vakakundikana chikoro chekubhururuka?

Hapana munhu wenyika imwe chete anozvitaura, nekuti kukundikana kunoitika nenzira dzakasiyana: kubvisa chikoro, kuongororwa kusingagutsi, kana kubvumidzwa kunonoka. Zvinoburitswa neFAA ndizvo zvinoyera chitupa cheChikamu 141: chikoro chinofanira kuchengetedza chiyero chekupasa bvunzo dzekushanda kwe80 muzana kana kupfuura kuti ukwanise. Paunoongorora chikoro, bvunza kuti chikoro chinopasa kekutanga, kuti chiverenge vadzidzi vangani, uye kuti chinoverengwa kwenguva yakareba sei. Mufananidzo une denominator unokosha kupfuura sirogani.

Kufamba netsoka netsoka hakusi kukundikana. Iongororo yakarongeka, uye zuva rakaipa rinogona kudzoreredzwa. Kana uchida kuziva zvekutarisira, verenga gwara redu rekuti chii chinonzi checkride uye chii chinoitika kana ukakundikana chimwe.

Maonero edu: kuchengetedzeka ipurogiramu uye chibvumirano, kwete chirevo

Tadzidzisa vadzidzi kwenguva yakareba zvekuti tinoziva kuti matambudziko mazhinji ekuchengetedza mukudzidzira kubhururuka anotangira pasi, mukuvakwa kwechirongwa. Zvinhu zvitatu zvinonyanya kukosha kwatiri.

Maumbirwo. Mapurogiramu edu anofambiswa pasi pekubvumidzwa kweFAA Part 141, zvinoreva sirabhasi yakatsanangurwa, kuongororwa kwedanho uye kutariswa kweFAA pane kungofungidzira. Vadzidzi vanofambira mberi nekuti vakaratidza hunyanzvi padanho rega rega, kwete nekuti bhiri remaawa rakabhadharwa.

Continuity. Kudzidziswa nekukurumidza kunoshanda pakuchengetedza nekuti unobhururuka kazhinji uye nemaitiro akafanana. Unyanzvi hahuperi pakati pezvidzidzo. Maitiro edu anoita kuti mudzidzi afambire mberi kubva pakuva mutyairi wendege ari ega kuenda kuATP minimum mumaawa mashoma se111 ekudzidziswa kwekubhururuka pasi peChikamu 141, uye tinongwarira kutaura kuti iyi inhanho yekudzidziswa, kwete chikonzero chekusatonga.

Kurongeka. Chikoro chinobhadharwa nenguva yacho hachina chikonzero chekukurumidzisa, asi hachinawo chikonzero chemari chekuti wagadzirira. Mutengo wemari wakatarwa unobvisa kumanikidzwa kumativi ese ari maviri: hapana ari kutarisa Hobbs meter achimiririra iwe, saka kukanzura mamiriro ekunze hakukubhadharisi mari yekuwedzera uye sarudzo yekudzokorora maneuver isarudzo yekudzidziswa chete. Ndizvo zvatinoreva nekutamisa njodzi: kusava nechokwadi kwemari kunogara kuchikoro, uye pfungwa dzemudzidzi dzinoramba dziri pahunyanzvi.

Tinewo simba rekuzviongorora, saka kuongororwa kunogona kuitwa mukati mechikoro kwete mushure mekumirira kwenguva refu. Mipata mipfupi pakati pekugadzirira kwekupedzisira nebvunzo inoita kuti hunyanzvi hwako hurambe hwakasimba panguva yavanoedzwa. Mwero wedu wekutanga wekupasa bvunzo dzeFAA unodarika 90%, watinopa semugumisiro wehurongwa nekugadzirira, kwete sevimbiso yemhedzisiro yako wega.

Dai taigona kupa zano rimwe chete kumudzidzi wese anoda kudzidza, raizove iri: shanyira, bhururutsa chidzidzo chekudzidza, uye tarisa maitiro anoita vanhu vakakupoteredza kana purogiramu yacho yaoma. Izvozvo zvinokuudza zvakawanda kupfuura chero chinzvimbo chipi zvacho.

— Rainer

Mibvunzo yekubvunza chero chikoro usati wabhadhara mari yechikoro

Uyai nerondedzero iyi pakushanya kwega kwega.

1. Chikoro ichi chakatenderwa here pasi peChikamu 141, uye ndinogona kuona here gadziriro yezvidzidzo?
2. Ndiani anoita basa rekuongorora mafambiro echikoro, uye mumwe munhu asiri mudzidzisi wangu wenguva dzose here?
3. Ndeipi miganhu yemamiriro ekunze evadzidzi vako, mhepo uye kuneta, uye ndiani anogona kuikunda?
4. Chikoro chinodzidzisa sei kudzidziswa kwakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu uye zvinhu zvishoma zvemunhu oga?
5. Kupopotedzana kwekuchengetedza kunogadziriswa sei, uye ndingataura nemudzidzi akamisa ndege pasi here?
6. Nhamba yako yekupasa kekutanga pakuongorora bvunzo ndeyei, munguva ipi uye yevadzidzi vangani?
7. Kondirakiti inovhara chii kana mamiriro ekunze, kuwanikwa kwendege kana kudzidziswazve zvikawedzera nguva yerwendo?

Mutungamiriri wedu on kudzidzisa vatyairi vendege nezvemitemo yekuchengetedza uye kudzidziswa nekuchengetedzeka kwemutyairi wendege akachengeteka wedzera pane zvina zvekutanga.

Kudzidziswa nesu

Kana wagadzirira kuenzanisa mapurogiramu, mapurogiramu edu Yakagadziriswa-Mutengo Ndege Yendege Chikoro Chirongwa inoburitswa pamadhora makumi masere nemashanu nemazana mapfumbamwe ($85,900), uye yedu US Airline Pilot Career Chirongwa pamadhora zviuru makumi mana nezvipfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu ($49,950). Ose ari maviri akarongwa muchikamu 141, aine macheckrides emukati uye rutsigiro rweM1 visa kuvadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika. Zvidzidzo zvega zvega, kusanganisira kudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege, zvekushandisa michina uye zvemainjini akawanda, zvinotsanangurwa pane yedu peji rezvidzidzo zvekutyaira ndege.

Kuti uone kuti chitupa chega chega chinodhura zvakadii usati wazvipira, tanga ne kupatsanurwa kwemari yekudzidzira ndege zvichienderana nerudzi rwerezinesi, wobva watibata kuti uronge nguva yekushanya.

FAQ

Chikoro chendege chine njodzi here?

Hazvienzaniswi nekubhururuka mushure mekupihwa chitupa. Vadzidzi vanotyaira ndege vane huwandu husingasviki hafu yehuwandu hwevatyairi vendege vanofa netsaona, zvichienderana neongororo yeAOPA. Njodzi ichiripo, kunyanya mukumhara uye mumamiriro ezvinhu ekurasikirwa nekudzora, ndosaka hunhu hwemudzidzisi uye sirabhasi yakarongeka zvichikosha.

Chikamu 141 chakachengeteka here pane Chikamu 61?

Chikamu 141 chinowedzera mapurogiramu edzidzo anotenderwa neFAA, zvivakwa zvakatsanangurwa, kutarisirwa kwemurayiridzi mukuru uye kutariswa kweFAA nguva dzose. Maumbirwo iwayo anotsigira kuchengetedzeka, asi varayiridzi vega vega netsika dzechikoro vachiri kusarudza zvinoitika zuva nezuva. Tonga zvese zviri zviviri.

Chii chinonyanya kukonzera tsaona dzekudzidzira kubhururuka dzinouraya?

Kurasikirwa nekudzora ndege pakubhururuka, pa54% yetsaona dzekudzidzira dzakauraya vanhu mundege dzemapiston pakati pa2000 na2015, zvichiteverwa nekurovera mudenga pa10%. Kusimuka nekumhara ndiwo matanho anowanzo itika tsaona dzevadzidzi vari vega.

Ndingaziva sei kana chikoro chendege chichikoshesa kuchengetedzeka?

Ngwarira maitiro, kwete mabhurocha. Varairidzi vanofanira kupfupikisa uye kushandisa zvinyorwa zvekutarisa nevadzidzi, kudzidzisa kuita sarudzo zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu uye kukukurudzira kukanzura ndege kana mamiriro ezvinhu adarika mwero wakaderera webasa rako. Bvunza vadzidzi vemazuva ano kuti izvozvo zvinoitika kangani.

Ko 80% yevadzidzi vanotyaira ndege vanorega zvechokwadi here?

Ongororo yakaitwa neAOPA yakawana kuti vanhu vanosvika 80% vanobvisa mari yavo nekuzvidira vasati vawana rezenisi rekutanga. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti vadzidzi vanochengeta vadzidzi vavo, kazhinji pakati pevadzidzi vanozorora, havazokwanisi kuita tsaona kana kukundikana. Kudzidziswa kwakarongeka uye kwakajairika kunoita kuti mikana yacho iwedzere.

Sources

• Kudzidzira kubhururuka kwakachengeteka here? (AOPA)
• Kudzidziswa kubhururuka kwakachengeteka zvakadini? (AOPA)
• Kudzivirira Kurasikirwa Nekudzora Mukufamba Kwendege MuGeneral Aviation (NTSB)
• Mushumo wenjodzi dzekudzidzira kubhururuka dzakafa kubva muna 2000 kusvika 2015 (AOPA)
• Mushumo wetsaona dzekudzidzisa (AOPA Air Safety Institute)
• Zano reChinyorwa 141-1B, Chikamu 141 Zvikoro zveKutanga (FAA)
• Bhuku Rekudzidzisa Vatyairi Vendege, Chitsauko 9 (FAA)
• Maitiro Ekudzidzisa Maindasitiri eFAA, Vhoriyamu 1 (FAA)
• Kugadzirisa Njodzi kuburikidza neKudzidziswa Kwakavakirwa paScenario (FAA)
• Bhuku Rekushandisa Kutarisira Njodzi (FAA)
• AOPA inoongorora kuti sei 80% yevadzidzi vanotyaira ndege vachisiya kudzidziswa (FlightGlobal)

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