Iyo US Airspace System, RSVM, TUC, Oxygen zvinodiwa, VFR, IFR yakatsanangura
Semutyairi wendege kana mutyairi wendege, anonzwisisa kuoma kweiyo US Airspace system kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuita basa rendege zvakachengeteka uye nemazvo. Iri gwara rakazara rinokupa iwe kuongorora kwakadzama kwemhando dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo yemhepo, Yakaderedzwa Vertical Separation Minimum. (RVSM), kupatsanurwa kwendege, uye kuti Florida Flyers International Flight Academy ingakubatsira sei kugona iyo US Airspace System. Pamusoro pezvo, isu tichakurukura kugona kukwirira kwendege, ndege dzinoshanda muRVSM airspace, oksijeni inoda, Nguva yeUseful Consciousness (TUC), uye matipi eFlorida Flyers Flight vadzidzi kuti vabudirire mukudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege.
Nhanganyaya kuUS Airspace System
Iyo US Airspace System itiweki yakakura uye yakaoma kunzwisisa yakagadzirirwa kufambisa kufamba kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka kwendege munyika yose. Inotungamirirwa neFederal Aviation Administration (FAA) uye yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvitanhatu zvakasiyana: Airspace A, B, C, D, E, uye G. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chinoshandisa chinangwa chaicho uye chine mitemo yaro nemitemo inotyaira ndege. inofanirwa kutevedzera kana ichishanda mukati memiganhu yayo.
Kunzwisisa iyo US Airspace System kwakakosha kune vese vatyairi uye vatyairi vekufamba kwemhepo, sezvo zvichibatsira kugadzirisa kuyerera kwendege uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu wese anobatanidzwa. Nekuzviziva iwe nemhando dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo yemhepo uye nemirau yadzo inoenderana, unogona kufamba nedenga nechivimbo uye kudzivirira chero njodzi dzinogona kuitika kana kutyorwa.
Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemhepo (A, B, C, D, E, G)
Rudzi rwega rwega rwenzvimbo yemhepo mukati meUS Airspace System inoshandisa chinangwa chakasiyana uye ine zvinodiwa kune vatyairi vanoshanda mukati memiganhu yayo. Muchikamu chino, tichapa mhedziso yemhando imwe neimwe, pamwe chete nemitemo yavo nemirairo.
Airspace A
Airspace A inorondedzerwa se "inodzorwa nzvimbo yemhepo" uye yakachengeterwa Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) mashandiro chete. Inotenderedza nzvimbo yemhepo kubva pa18,000 tsoka Mean Sea Level (MSL) kusvika kuFlight Level (FL) 600. Kuti ushande muAirspace A, vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunge vaine chipiro chezviridzwa uye kugara vachitaurirana neAir Traffic Control (ATC).
Airspace B
Airspace B, inozivikanwawo se "Kirasi Bravo," inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakabatikana zvikuru dzendege muUnited States. Yakagadzirirwa kugarisa vhoriyamu yakakwirira yezvose zviri zviviri IFR uye Visual Flight Rules (VFR) traffic, ine zvakaomesesa zvekupinda zvinodiwa kune vatyairi. Kuti vapinde muKirasi B yemuchadenga, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuwana mvumo yeATC, kuve nechitupa chekutyaira chakavanzika (kana kuve mutyairi wendege ane magwaro akakodzera), uye kuve neMode C inoshandura ine kukwirira kwekutaura.
Airspace C
Airspace C, kana "Kirasi Charlie," inowanikwa yakatenderedza nhandare dzendege dzine mwero wemigwagwa uye inopa mashandiro eIFR neVFR. Kupinda muClass C airspace kunoda kuti vatyairi vendege vatange nzira mbiri dzekutaurirana neredhiyo neATC uye kuve neMode C transponder ine ruzivo rwekureba. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirawo kuchengetedza chinhambwe kubva kumakore uye kuchengetedza imwe nhanho yekuonekwa kana vachibhururuka munzvimbo ino yemhepo.
Airspace D
Airspace D, inozivikanwawo se "Kirasi Delta," inowanikwa yakatenderedza nhandare dzendege ine shongwe yekudzora inoshanda, asi ingangove isingaite radar masevhisi aripo. Vatyairi vendege vanoshanda muClass D airspace vanofanirwa kumisa nzira mbiri redhiyo kutaurirana neATC, asi havafanirwe kuve neMode C transponder. Vatyairi veVFR vanofanirwawo kutevedzera kune yakatarwa gore rekucheneswa uye zvinodiwa zvekuonekwa.
Airspace E
Airspace E, kana "Kirasi Echo," ndiyo yakawedzera mhando yenzvimbo inodzorwa yemhepo uye inogona kuwanikwa dzese dzakatenderedza nhandare dzendege uye munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana munyika. VFR neIFR mashandiro anotenderwa mukati meClass E airspace, asi IFR ndege dzinofanirwa kunge dziri paIFR hurongwa hwekubhururuka uye mukutaurirana neATC. Zvichienderana nehupamhi, kucheneswa kwegore uye kuoneka zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kusangana nevatyairi veVFR.
Airspace G
Airspace G, inozivikanwawo se "Kirasi Gorofu," ndiyo yega nzvimbo isingadzoreki yemhepo mukati meUS Airspace System. Inogona kuwanikwa pedyo nechepamusoro munzvimbo dziri kure kana pakakwirira munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda. VFR uye IFR mashandiro anotenderwa mukati meKirasi G airspace, asi hapana chaiyo yekutaurirana zvinodiwa kune vatyairi vendege. Cloud clearance uye zvinodikanwa zvekuonekwa zvinosiyana zvichienderana nenguva yezuva uye urefu.
Yakaderedzwa Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) uye kupatsanurwa kwendege
Yakaderedzwa Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) ipfungwa yakakosha mukati meUS Airspace System inobvumira kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo yemhepo uye kuwedzera kuchengetedzwa kwendege. RVSM ndiko kudzikiswa kwekupatsanurwa kwakatwasuka pakati pendege inobhururuka pakakwirira pakati peFL290 (29,000 feet) neFL410 (41,000 feet) kubva pa 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet. Shanduko iyi inowedzera huwandu hwemazinga endege aripo uye inobvumira nzira inobudirira uye kushandiswa kwemafuta.
Kuti ishande mukati meRVSM airspace, ndege dzinofanirwa kunge dzakashongedzerwa nemichina chaiyo, senge altitude alert system uye autopilot system inokwanisa kuchengetedza kukwirisa mukati me ± 65 tsoka. Pamusoro pezvo, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuwana kudzidziswa kwakakodzera uye mvumo kubva kuFAA yekushanda mukati meRVSM airspace.
Kuparadzaniswa kwendege chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedzwa kwendege, uye RVSM inoita basa rakakosha pakuona kuti kupatsanurwa kwakakwana kunochengetedzwa pakati pendege nguva dzese. Nekuderedza kuparadzaniswa kwepakati pakati pendege, RVSM inobvumira kushandiswa kwakanyatsonaka kwenzvimbo yemhepo uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu, ichiri kuchengetedza yakakwirira yekuchengeteka.
Kukosha kwekuparadzana kwenzvimbo yemhepo mukuchengetedzwa kwendege
Kuparadzaniswa kwemuchadenga chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedzwa kwendege, sezvo ichivimbisa kuti ndege dzinochengetedza chinhambwe chakachengeteka kubva kune imwe nguva dzese. Kuparadzana uku kunobatsira kudzivirira kudhumhana uye kunobvumira kufamba kwakatsetseka uye kwakanaka kwekufamba kwemhepo. MuUS Airspace System, kupatsanurwa kunowanikwa kuburikidza nemusanganiswa weiyo yakatwasuka uye yakachinjika yekuparadzanisa mwero, pamwe nekushandiswa kwebudiriro yetekinoroji senge Traffic Alert uye Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).
TCAS System uye RVSM
The Traffic Alert uye Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) chishandiso chakakosha chekuchengetedza kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo yemhepo uye kugadzirisa kuchengetedzwa kwendege. TCAS inboard system inotarisisa nzvimbo yendege iri pedyo uye inopa vatyairi vezviyero zvekuona uye zvekunzwa kana paine kudhumhana kwaonekwa. Iyo sisitimu inogona zvakare kupa mazano ekugadzirisa, ayo anokurudzirwa mafambisirwo ekuwedzera kupatsanurwa pakati pendege mbiri.
TCAS inoita basa rakakosha muRVSM airspace, sezvo iyo yakaderedzwa yakatwasuka kupatsanurwa pakati pendege inowedzera njodzi yekukonana. Nekupa vatyairi vezvikepe ruzivo rwenguva chaiyo nezve ndege dziri pedyo, TCAS inobatsira kuchengetedza kupatsanurwa kwakachengeteka pakati pendege uye kudzivirira kudhumhana kwepakati pemhepo.
VFR uye IFR ichibhururuka muUS Airspace System
Visual Flight Rules (VFR) uye Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) ndiyo nzira mbiri dzekutanga dzekubhururuka mukati meUS Airspace System. Kubhururuka kweVFR kunovimba nekugona kwemutyairi kuona nekunzvenga dzimwe ndege uye kufamba achishandisa zvinoonekwa pasi. IFR kubhururuka, kune rumwe rutivi, inoda kuti vatyairi vendege vavimbe nezviridzwa zvavo uye vateedzere maitiro chaiwo ekufamba nemumhepo.
Ose ari maviri VFR uye IFR kubhururuka ane chaiwo zvinodiwa uye mirau iyo vatyairi vendege vanofanira kutevedzera kana vachishanda mukati meUS Airspace System. Semuyenzaniso, vatyairi veVFR vanofanirwa kuchengetedza yakatarwa gore rekucheneswa uye zvinodikanwa zvekuonekwa, nepo IFR vatyairi vachifanirwa kunge vari paIFR chirongwa chekubhururuka uye mukutaurirana nguva dzose neATC. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe marudzi enzvimbo yemhepo, seKirasi A, akachengeterwa mabasa eIFR chete.
Florida Flyers International Flight Academy: Kudzidzisa nzvimbo dzemhepo uye kugona iyo US Airspace System
Florida Flyers International Flight Academy chikoro chekutanga chendege chinopa zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvakakwana kune vanoda vatyairi vendege. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvedzidzo yavo kudzidzisa vadzidzi nezveUS Airspace System uye kuvabatsira kugona marudzi akasiyana enzvimbo yemhepo uye mitemo nemirau inoenderana.
Kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wemirairo yemukirasi, simulation yekubhururuka, uye maoko-pane kudzidziswa kwendege, Florida Flyers vadzidzi vanowana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kweUS Airspace System uye hunyanzvi hunodiwa kuti ufambe nayo zvakachengeteka uye nechivimbo. Varairidzi vane ruzivo rwechidzidzo ichi vanopa gwara nerutsigiro rwemunhu, vachiona kuti mudzidzi wega wega anowana dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro uye kudzidziswa zvinogoneka.
Florida Flyers inopa akasiyana makosi ekudzidzisa, anosanganisira Private Pilot, Commercial Pilot, uye Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) zvirongwa. Chirongwa chega chega chinosanganisira kudzidziswa kwakadzama pamirau yenzvimbo yemhepo, RVSM, kupatsanurwa kwendege, uye mamwe mazano akakosha akakosha pakuchengetedza uye kushanda kwendege.
Kukwira kwendege kugona: yakakwira sei Cessna 172 neCessna 152 kubhururuka?
Kukwirira kwendege kutariswa kwakakosha kune vatyairi vanoshanda mukati meUS Airspace System. Kuziva kukwirira kwendege yako kunogona kukubatsira kuronga kubhururuka kwako zvakanyanya uye kuve nechokwadi kuti uri kushanda mukati memuchadenga wakakodzera.
Cessna 172 neCessna 152 indege mbiri dzakakurumbira dzine injini imwe chete dzinoshandiswa kudzidzisa kubhururuka nekubhururuka kwese. Iyo yepamusoro sevhisi sirin'i yeCessna 172 ingangoita 14,000 tsoka, nepo yepamusoro sevhisi sirin'i yeCessna 152 ingangoita 14,000 tsoka zvakare.
Izvo zvakakosha kuti uzive kuti iyo yakakura sevhisi sirin'i haina kufanana nehupamhi hwepamusoro apo ndege inogona kubhururuka. Sirin'i yepamusoro-soro inomiririra nzvimbo iyo ndege inogona kuchengetedza chiyero chekukwira kwemafiti zana paminiti kana pasi. Mhedziso sirin'i, kana urefu hwepamusoro hunogona kubhururuka nendege, inowanzokwirira kupfuura sirin'i yebasa asi inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakaita setembiricha uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo.
Ndege dzinoshanda muRVSM airspace uye oksijeni zvinodiwa
Ndege dzakawanda dzinoshanda mukati meUS Airspace System dzinoshandisa RVSM airspace kuwedzera kushanda uye kugona. Nekudaro, RVSM airspace inoda chaiyo michina uye kudzidziswa, uye vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kusangana nezvimwe zvinodikanwa zveokisijeni kuti zvishande mukati merudzi urwu rwemhepo.
Zvinoenderana nemirairo yeFAA, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kushandisa okisijeni yekuwedzera kana vachibhururuka pamusoro pe12,500 tsoka kweanopfuura maminetsi makumi matatu. Pamusoro pezvo, kana vari kubhururuka pamusoro pemamita 30, vanofanirwa kushandisa okisijeni yekuwedzera nguva dzese.
Ndege dzinoshanda mukati meRVSM airspace dzinofanirwawo kuona kuti ndege yavo ine michina inodiwa, senge altitude alert masisitimu uye autopilot masisitimu anokwanisa kuchengetedza urefu mukati me ± 65 tsoka.
Nguva Yekubatsira Kuziva (TUC) mundege
Nguva Yekubatsira Kuziva (TUC) ipfungwa yakakosha mukuchengetedzeka kwendege, sezvo ichireva nguva iyo mutyairi wendege anogona kuita mabasa anobatsira muchiitiko chekurasikirwa kamwe kamwe kwekumanikidzwa kwekabhini. Kukwirira kwepamusoro, nguva shoma yemutyairi wendege isati yatanga hypoxia, mamiriro anokonzerwa nekushaikwa kweokisijeni muropa.
Iyo TUC inosiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvinhu, zvinosanganisira urefu, physiology yega, uye kuvapo kwechero mamiriro ezvehutano agara aripo. Pakakwirira, TUC inogona kunge ipfupi semasekondi mashoma, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kuti vatyairi vendege vashandise okisijeni yekuwedzera uye kuziva zviratidzo nezviratidzo zve hypoxia.
Mazano eFlorida Flyers Vadzidzi vendege kuti vabudirire mukudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege
Kune vadzidzi vakanyoresa mukudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege paFlorida Flyers International Flight Academy, pane matipi akati wandei ekuvabatsira kugona uye kubudirira mukudzidziswa kwavo.
Chokutanga uye chakakosha, zvakakosha kuchengetedza mafungiro akanaka uye kushanda kwakasimba. Kudzidzira ndege kunogona kunetsa, asi nekuzvipira uye kushanda nesimba, vadzidzi vanogona kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo uye kuva vatyairi vendege vanobudirira.
Uyezve, zvakakosha kukoshesa kuchengetedza nguva dzose. Kutevera maitiro akakodzera uye mapuroteni, kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu, uye kutaurirana zvinobudirira nevarairidzi uye ATC zvese zvakakosha zvikamu zvekuchengetedza ndege mashandiro.
Chekupedzisira, kutora mukana wezviwanikwa zviripo kuFlorida Flyers, sevarairidzi vane ruzivo uye zvechizvino-zvino zvekudzidzira zvekushandisa, zvinogona kubatsira vadzidzi kuwana zvavanogona zvizere uye kuve vatyairi vendege vane chivimbo uye vanokwanisa.
Mhedziso uye zvimwe zviwanikwa zvekugona iyo US Airspace System
Kuziva iyo US Airspace System chinhu chakakosha chekuchengetedza uye kushanda kwendege kwakachengeteka, uye kunoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemitemo yemuchadenga, RVSM, kupatsanurwa kwendege, uye mamwe mazwi akakosha. Nekujairana nepfungwa idzi uye kudzidziswa nevarairidzi vane ruzivo, vakaita sevari kuFlorida Flyers International Flight Academy, unogona kufamba uine chivimbo muUS Airspace System uye kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako zvendege.
Kuti uwane zvimwe zviwanikwa pakuziva iyo US Airspace System, iyo FAA webhusaiti inopa hupfumi hweruzivo uye zviwanikwa zvekudzidzisa, zvinosanganisira zvinyorwa zvepamutemo uye zvekudzidzisa. Pamusoro pezvo, masangano endege akadai seVaridzi veNdege uye Vatyairi vendege uye National Business Aviation Association inopa zviwanikwa zvakasiyana uye mikana yekudzidziswa yevatyairi vendege vari kutsvaga kuwedzera ruzivo nehunyanzvi hwavo.
Taura nesu kana kufonera Florida Flyers Admissions Team pa + 1 904 209 3510
