Zvinoreva IFR neVFR: Mashandisirwo Anoitwa Vatyairi Vendege Pakati Pemitemo Yekubhururuka Inoonekwa Neyechishandiso

Mutyairi wendege akagara mucockpit, girazi repamberi rakazadzwa negrey. Hapana denderedzwa. Sarudzo chete ndeyekuti ndeipi mitemo yekuvimba nayo.

Mhinduro yeIFR neVFR isarudzo chaiyo pakati pekutarira nepahwindo nekuvimba nemidziyo. Tsananguro zhinji dzinogumira padanho repasi remamiriro ekunze. Hadzina ruzivo rwekuti mutyairi wendege anosarudza sei mitemo inoshanda pabasa.

Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura chisarudzo ichocho. Uchadzidza zvinodiwa nemitemo yega yega, kuti kuronga ndege kunochinja sei, uye kuti sei sarudzo yakachengeteka isiri iyo iri yepamusoro nguva dzose. Musiyano hausi wedzidzo. Mutyairi wendege anobhururuka mundege inodzora asina mvumo yeIFR ari kutyora mutemo. Mitemo iyi ine simba repamutemo rinoumba musangano wega wega usati wabhururuka.

Zvinoreva IFR neVFR: Musiyano Mukuru

VFR zvinoreva mitemo yekubhururuka nemaziso, mutyairi wendege anofamba nekutarisa nepahwindo. IFR rinoreva chiridzwa kubhururuka mitemo, mutyairi wendege anofamba chete achitaura nezvezvishandiso zvemukamuri rendege. Ndege yega yega inoshanda pasi peimwe yeiyi miviri, uye sarudzo pakati padzo inosarudza kuti mutyairi wendege anoronga sei, anoita sei, uye anotarisa sei chikamu chimwe nechimwe cherwendo.

Kusanzwisisana kunowanzoitika ndekwekuti idzi imhando mbiri dzakasiyana dzekubhururuka. Hadzisi. Kubhururuka kumwe chete kunogona kuchinja kubva kuVFR kuenda kuIFR mumhepo kana mamiriro ekunze achichinja. Mutyairi wendege anobhururuka mudenga rakajeka angangoda kushandisa mitemo yekubhururuka kana makore apinda. Kugona kuita shanduko iyoyo zvakachengeteka ndiko kunoparadzanisa mutyairi wendege akadzidziswa zvakanaka kubva kune anopinda mumatambudziko.

Vatyairi vendege vega vanotanga kudzidziswa kwavo vachishandisa VFR. Vanodzidza kubhururuka nekutarisa kure, vachitevera migwagwa nenzizi, uye vachiramba vachiona pasi. Kuongororwa kwezvishandiso kunouya gare gare, chimwe chitupa chinodzidzisa vatyairi vendege kuvimba nezvishandiso zvavo kupfuura zvavanoda. Kuvimba ikoko ndiko hunyanzvi hwakaoma kuvaka. Nzeve yemukati inoudza muviri chimwe chinhu ukuwo chiratidzo chemaitiro chichitaura chokwadi. Vatyairi vendege vanonyatsogona kubhururuka vanogona kubhururuka mumamiriro ezvinhu anodzikamisa vamwe vese.

Musiyano chaiwo hausi wekuti cockpit iri papi. Une chekuita nehukama hwemutyairi wendege nekusava nechokwadi. VFR inoshanda kana nyika yave kuonekwa uye ichifanotaurwa. IFR inoshanda kana nyika yanyangarika uye zviridzwa chete ndizvo zvinosara. Kunzwisisa Zvinoreva IFR neVFR zvinoreva kuziva kuti ndeapi maitiro anoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye kuva nekudzidziswa kuita chero ipi zvayo.

Kuchinjana pakati peVFR neIFR hakusi kuchinjana. Imuti wesarudzo unotanga injini isati yatanga. Mutyairi wendege anoisa hurongwa hwekubhururuka hweIFR kubva pakutanga anenge atosarudza kuti mamiriro ekunze angangovhara, uye sarudzo iyoyo inoumba kuronga mafuta, nzvimbo dzendege dzakasiyana, uye nzira dzekukurumidza kubva pakutanga.

Kana Vatyairi Vendege Vachivimba Nezviratidzo Zvinoonekwa Chete

Kubhururuka neVFR ndiyo nzira chaiyo yekufambisa ndege, uye ndiyo inonyanya kuomesesa. Mutyairi wendege anochengetedza mapapiro akaenzana nekuaenzanisa nepadenga, anofamba netsoka nekuona shongwe yemvura kana nzvimbo yekuchinjana mugwagwa mukuru, uye anoyera daro nekufamba kwepasi nekukurumidza. Zviri nyore izvi ndizvo zvinoita kuti mutyairi wese adzidze VFR kutanga. Inodzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekutanga: kuchengetedza ndege ichidzorwa uku uchiita zvisarudzo nguva dzose nezvekwekuenda uye zvekusaita.

Rusununguko rweVFR nderwechokwadi. Mutyairi wendege anogona kusimuka kubva pauswa hudiki, kukwira nepakati pemakore, ogara panhandare yendege isina nhare yekudzora kana nzira yekushandiswa kwemidziyo yakaburitswa. Hapana hurongwa hwekubhururuka hunofanirwa kunyorwa. Hapana mvumo inofanirwa kudzokororwa. Mutyairi wendege ndiye ane sarudzo yenzira, kukwirira, uye kwaanoenda. Kuzvitonga ikoko ndiko kunoita kuti vatyairi vendege vazhinji varambe kufamba vachibhururuka nemidziyo kwemakore.

Asi zvirambidzo zvacho hazvina mubvunzo. VFR inoda mamiriro ekunze akaenzana kuti ionekwe uye ionekwe zvakanaka mumakore, zvichiteverwa ne Visual Flight MitemoKana mhute ikanyanya kana kuti denga regore richidonha, sarudzo idzodzo dzinonyangarika. Mutyairi wendege akaronga rwendo rwemaminitsi makumi mapfumbamwe rwekuyambuka nyika anogona kuzviwana ari makiromita makumi matatu kubva kwaanoenda asina nzira yekuenda mberi uye denga riri kuora nekukurumidza. Danho repamutemo chete nderekutendeuka kana kumhara kune imwe nzvimbo.

Nzvimbo yemuchadenga inowedzera chimwe chirambidzo. Nzvimbo yemuchadenga yeClass B neClass C iri pedyo nenhandare dzendege huru inoda kutaurirana kwakanangana nemidziyo iyo ndege zhinji dzeVFR chete dzisina. Mutyairi wendege ari kubhururuka neVFR pedyo neChicago kana Los Angeles anofanira kufamba-famba munzvimbo idzi dzemuchadenga dziri kudzorwa, zvichiwedzera makiromita uye kuoma. Rusununguko rweVFR runoshanda mukati mebhokisi rinotsanangurwa nemamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo yemuchadenga, uye hunyanzvi hwemutyairi wendege pakuona njodzi dzisati dzava matambudziko.

Bhokisi iroro ndipo panogara kushushikana. Mutyairi wega wega weVFR anozopedzisira atarisana nenguva apo zviratidzo zvaanovimba nazvo zvinotanga kunyangarika, uye sarudzo chete yakachengeteka ndeiya yaaisada kuita.

Kana Zvishandiso Zvatora Nzvimbo Yemudhudhudhu

IFR neVFR zvinoreva kuti zvinoshanduka kubva pakusiyana kwemutemo kuenda pakupona kana girazi repamberi rashanduka kuita grey. Mutyairi wendege akadzidzira kwemwedzi yakawanda kuti avimbe neruzivo rwepadenga anofanira kungoerekana aona kufamba pasina mifananidzo uye vimba nepaneru yemadials panzvimbo pezvo.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Anomanikidza Kuchinja

Makore, mhute, mvura, uye mhute zvese zvinobvisa zviratidzo zvinoonekwa nemutyairi weVFR. Kubhururuka usiku pamusoro penzvimbo isina chiedza kunogonawo kugadzira mamiriro ezvinhu apo denderedzwa remhepo rinonyangarika zvachose. Idzi ndidzo nzvimbo idzo IFR inova inosungirwa.

Zvinorevei Mamiriro Ekunze Emidziyo?

IMC izwi rehunyanzvi rekuti mamiriro ekunze ari pasi peVFR minimum. Harisi rudzi rumwe chete rwemamiriro ekunze asi chero mamiriro ezvinhu apo mutyairi wendege haakwanise kuona zvakakwana kuti arambe akachengeteka nekutarira kunze. Kuchinja kubva kuVFR kuenda kuIMC kunogona kuitika mumasekonzi mashoma kana uchibhururuka uchipinda mugore.

Kuchinja Kwepfungwa Kubva Pakuona Kuenda Pakushandisa Zvishandiso

Kubhururuka kweIFR kunoda kugadziriswa kwakazara kwemawaya ekufambisa ruzivo. Nzeve yemukati inorara panguva yekutendeuka nekukwira, saka mutyairi wendege anofanira kukurira manzwiro emuviri uye kutenda zvinoratidzwa nechiratidzo chemaitiro. Unyanzvi uhwu ndihwo yakavakwa kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kwakatsaurirwa uye kudzidzira nguva dzose.

Kudzora Kufamba Kwendege Kunotora Hutongi

Ndege yeIFR inoshanda pasi pemvumo yakasimba yeATC kubva pakusimuka kusvika pakumhara. Mutyairi wendege haakwanise kutsauka kubva pakuenda, kureba, kana nzira yaakapihwa asina mvumo. Izvi zvinobvisa rusununguko rwekubhururuka kweVFR asi zvinowedzera kuparadzaniswa nedzimwe mota uye zvinovimbisa kufamba nendege munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda.

Chipingamupinyi Chekupa Zvitupa

Vatyairi vendege vega vanowana chitupa cheVFR-only kutanga, vozotevera chiyero chezvishandiso kuburikidza nemaawa ekuwedzera ekubhururuka, chikoro chepasi, uye checkride. Chiyero chezvishandiso hachisi chekusarudza kune chero munhu anobhururuka mubhizinesi, ndicho chiyero chinosiyanisa kubhururuka kwekunakidzwa nemabasa ehunyanzvi.

Kuronga Ndege Kusiyana Kwakaita VFR neIFR

Kuronga ndege kunoratidza musiyano chaiwo uripo pakati pemitemo miviri iyi. Mutyairi wendege weVFR anoronga zvaanogona kuona. Mutyairi wendege weIFR anoronga zvaanogona kuona. Maitiro ese anochinja, kubva pakusarudza nzira kusvika pakuverenga mafuta kusvika pakufunga kwemutyairi wendege nezvenyaya yakaipisisa.

Kuronga VFR kunotanga nemepu uye mushumo wemamiriro ekunze. Mutyairi wendege anoona nzvimbo dzekutarisa dzinoonekwa: dziva rakaita sebhuti, nzvimbo yekuchinjana migwagwa mikuru, shongwe yeredhiyo ine mwenje mutsvuku. Nzira iyi inotevera nzvimbo idzi, ichiramba iri kure nenzvimbo dzine mhepo dzakaganhurirwa nenzvimbo dzinodzorwa. Kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze ndiyo nyaya huru. Mutyairi wendege weVFR anopedza nguva yakawanda achironga achibvunza kana denga richange rakajeka zvakakwana kuti ribhururuke zvachose.

Kuronga IFR kwakasiyana zvachose. Muedzo wekutsvaga gwaro rekuongorora chirongwa chendege nehurongwa hwekufamba kwendege usati wabva pasi. Nzira iyi inotevera nzira dzendege dzakaburitswa uye nzira dzekushandisa, kwete zviratidzo zvinoonekwa. Kuronga mafuta kunosanganisira kuchengetedza imwe nhandare yendege nekuti nzvimbo yekuenda inogona kunge iri pasi pemutengo wakaderera. Muongorori weIFR anoronga kuti ndege yacho isazombomira zvakanaka. Sarudzo yega yega ine chekuita nekuchengetedza.

VFR inokunda kana iri nyore uye inodhura zvishoma. Mutyairi wendege anogona kuronga VFR cross-country mumaminitsi mashoma nechati yechikamu uye app yemamiriro ekunze. IFR inokunda kana paine kuvimbika uye kufanotaura. Mutyairi wendege anoziva chaizvo kuti ATC icharonga sei mafambiro uye kuti vachabhururuka sei. Kutengeserana kwacho kwakajeka: rusununguko rwekuumbwa, nyore kwechokwadi.

Sarudzo pakati penzira mbiri idzi dzekuronga inoenderana nebasa. Kubhururuka uchienda kunzvimbo yaunoziva ibasa reVFR. Kubhururuka nebhizinesi kuenda kuguta rinozivikanwa nemakore akaderera kunoda IFR. Mutyairi wendege anosarudza framework isiriyo yerwendo rusiriyo anozoguma amira kana kuti atadza kufamba zvakanaka.

Nei Vamwe Vatyairi Vendege Vachisarudza IFR Pane VFR

Kusarudza IFR pane VFR hakusi kwehunyanzvi. Zviri pamusoro perudzi rwekubhururuka kunoda kuitwa nemutyairi wendege. Kune avo vanobhururuka nendege nekuda kwekufambisa kwete nekuda kwekuzorora, IFR inobvisa shanduko huru kubva parwendo rwese: mamiriro ekunze.

Mutyairi wendege weVFR anomuka, otarisa mamiriro ekunze, obhururuka kana kusabhururuka. Mutyairi wendege weIFR anomuka, otarisa mamiriro ekunze, oronga nzira yekufamba nayo. Musiyano iwoyo unochinja maitiro evatyairi vendege pabasa ravo rese. Ndege dzaizomiswa pasi peVFR dzinova tsika pasi peIFR, izvo zvinokosha kune chero munhu anoda kuva pane imwe nguva.

Kunze kwemamiriro ekunze, IFR inopa mukana wekuvaka uyo VFR isingakwanise kuenzana nawo. Kuparadzaniswa kwekudzora traffic yendege Inozviitira otomatiki pasi peIFR. Vatongi ndivo vane basa rekuparadzanisa. Mutyairi weVFR anofanira kuona nekudzivisa dzimwe mota, achigara achitarisa denga uku achitarisira kufamba nekutaurirana. Mutoro wepfungwa iwoyo ndewechokwadi, uye unoungana panguva yekufamba kwenguva refu.

Mabasa ekutengeserana anobvisa sarudzo zvachose. Vatyairi vendege, vashandi vemacharter, uye chero ani zvake anobhururuka kuti abhadhare ndege anofanira kunge aine chiyero che instrument rating. Kusarudza IFR hakusi kusarudzwa zvachose mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Ndiyo yega sarudzo yepamutemo. Asi kunyangwe pakati pevatyairi vendege vega vanogona kubhururuka chero kupi, vazhinji vanosarudza IFR kana vaona kuti inogona kufanotaurwa.

Kutengeserana uku ndekwechokwadi. IFR inoda kuti pave nekuongororwa kwemidziyo nguva dzose, kutaurirana neredhiyo nguva dzose, uye kutevedzera mitemo yakapihwa. Hapana kutsauka kwega kwega kuti ubhururuke pamusoro perwizi kana kutenderera chiratidzo. Rusununguko rweVFR rusununguko rwechokwadi. Asi kune vatyairi vendege vanosvika, kwete kungofamba-famba, rusununguko irworwo haruna kukosha kupfuura vimbiso yekupfuura.

Pfungwa Isina Kujeka Yekuti IFR Yakachengeteka Nguva Dzose

Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanofunga kuti mitemo yekubhururuka kwemidziyo yakachengeteka. Izvi zvinofuratira chinhu chine njodzi zvikuru: mutyairi wendege. Kuchengetedzeka kuri pakati pehunyanzvi hwemutyairi wendege nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Musungo weUnyanzvi muKubhururuka kweZvishandiso

Unyanzvi hweIFR hunodzikira nekukurumidza kupfuura zvinobvumwa nevakawanda. Mutyairi wendege anofambisa zvishandiso kaviri pamwedzi anoramba achiongorora zvakanaka. Mutyairi wendege anofambisa zvishandiso kaviri pagore imhosva. Mutyairi wendege anogona kusagadzirisa data rakarurama nekukurumidza.

Kubhururuka kweVFR Kunova Sarudzo Yakachengeteka

Vatyairi veVFR kana mamiriro ekunze akanaka vanoona nzvimbo, mota, uye mamiriro ekunze ari kukura zvisati zvava dambudziko. Kuziva ikoko kunobvumira sarudzo dzekutanga. Mutyairi weVFR anogona kutendeuka asati apinda mugore. Mutyairi weIFR anofanira kunge atove mugore.

Chisarudzo Chinosarudza Mugumisiro

Mutyairi wendege akachengeteka anoongorora miganhu yavo nemazvo zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Kukanzura mutyairi wendege weVFR nekuda kwemakore akapararira kwakachengeteka pane mutyairi wendege weIFR ari kutanga kuita icing inozivikanwa. Chiyero chinoshandura njodzi, kwete kuibvisa.

Nzira dzekudzidzisa: Kubva kuVFR kusvika kuIFR Certification

Kunzwisisa zvinoreva IFR neVFR hakuna kukwana pasina kuziva kuti vatyairi vendege vanodzidzira sei. Mutyairi wega wega anotanga nekudzidziswa kweVFR, vamwe vanowana chiyero chezvishandiso chinovhura kubhururuka kweIFR. Kufambira mberi hakusi kwesarudzo yekubhururuka kwebhizinesi, asi ndiyo suo.

• Kudzidziswa kweVFR kutanga. Chitupa chekutyaira chakavanzika chakavakirwa chete pakubhururuka nemaziso. Vadzidzi vanodzidza kuchengetedza mapapiro akaenzana nekutarisa denga, kufamba netsoka nekuona zviratidzo, uye kuyera daro nekufamba kwepasi. Hwaro uhwu hunodzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekushandisa tambo nerudder vasati vawedzera zviridzwa.
• Zvinodiwa pakuyera zviridzwa. Mushure mekuwana chitupa chega chega, vatyairi vendege vanotevera chiyero chezvishandiso. Kudzidziswa kunoda bvunzo yakanyorwa, kuongororwa kwemotokari, uye maawa mashoma ekubhururuka mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo kana ekufananidzira ezvishandiso. Kutarisa kunochinja kubva pakutarisa kunze kuenda pakuongorora panel.
• Chishandiso chepfungwa chinobhururuka. Kudzidziswa kweIFR kunodzidzisa vatyairi vendege kudzora ndege vachishandisa chiratidzo chemaitiro, altimeter, uye chiratidzo chekutungamira ndege chete. Muviri uchaudza mutyairi kuti ndege iri kutenderera kana isiri kutenderera. Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kukunda pfungwa iyoyo nguva dzese.
• Kufamba uye nzira dzekufamba nadzo. Vatyairi vendege vanodzidza kubhururutsa nzira dzekushandisa, nzira dzakarurama dzinotungamira ndege kuenda kunhandare yendege pasina kuona. Nzira dzeVOR, ILS, uye GPS imwe neimwe inoda nzira dzakasiyana. Kudzidziswa kunosanganisira nzira dzekufamba nadzo, kubhururuka, uye kupotsa imwe neimwe.
• Zvinodiwa zvebhizinesi nendege. Chero mutyairi wendege anobhururuka kuti abhadhare anofanira kunge aine chiyero chezvishandiso. Vatengesi vemabhizinesi havafanirwe kuvimba nemamiriro ekunze akanaka zvakakwana kune VFR. Chiyero chezvishandiso ndicho chinhu chekutanga kune chero munhu anobhadharwa kuti abhururuke.
• Kudzidziswa kunoitwa nguva nenguva. Chiyero chezvishandiso chinofanira kugara chiripo. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunyora nzira nhanhatu dzekushandisa, maitiro ekubata, uye nzira dzekubata nekutevera mafambiro endege mwedzi mitanhatu yega yega. Pasina izvi, chiyero chinopera uye mutyairi wendege anodzokera kune kodzero dzeVFR chete.

Nzira yekudzidzira inoratidza chokwadi: vatyairi vendege vakanakisa vanogona kuchinja pakati pekubhururuka nekuona nekushandisa michina zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Kusarudza pakati peIFR neVFR zvinofanira kudzidzwa, kwete kungonzwisiswa chete. Kune chero ani zvake anonyatsoda kudzidziswa kwekutyaira, chiyero chezviridzwa chinowanikwa kana kubhururuka kuchirega kuva chinhu chinovaraidza uye kwava basa.

Kuziva Kusarudza Pakati Pekubhururuka Kwekuona Nekubhururuka Kwezviridzwa

Kunzwisisa zvinoreva IFR neVFR hakusi kungotaura zvinhu zvisina basa. Ndiwo musiyano uripo pakati pemutyairi wendege anoita zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu neanotarisira kuti zvinhu zviitike.

Kusarudzwa kwemutyairi wendege pakati pemitemo yekuona neyekushandisa injini kunoitika injini isati yatanga. Mutyairi wendege anomirira kusvika makore avhara anenge atoita sarudzo isiriyo. Vatyairi vendege vakangwara vanoronga zvese zviri zviviri. Vanoronga nguva yekubva, nzira, uye imwe ndege isati yatanga kufona kekutanga paredhiyo.

Sundidzirai pane zvinotsanangurwa. Bhururukai pasi pemitemo yese miviri kusvika shanduko yava yepfungwa. Chinangwa hachisi chekusarudza chamunofarira. Chinangwa ndechekuva mutyairi wendege anogona kubhururuka chero basa remamiriro ekunze.