Chii chinonzi Avionics? Iyo #1 Yekupedzisira Nhungamiro Yekuti Inobata Sei Vatyairi

Avionics-pfupi ye zvemagetsi zvendege-ndiyo musimboti wekubhururuka kwemazuva ano. Yakatanga kuumbwa muna 1949 naPhillip J. Klass, mupepeti mukuru we Vhiki yeAviation uye Space Technology, izwi iri rinobatanidza masisitimu ese emagetsi anoshandiswa mundege uye muchadenga. Kubva pakufambisa uye kutaurirana kusvika pakutarisisa kwekuita uye manejimendi emafuta, avionics inobata basa rakakosha munenge mune yese nzira yekubhururuka.

Pakutanga ichitungamirirwa nezvido zvendege dzemauto, avionics yakava chimiro chechimiro mundege yevagari vemo mushure memakore ekuma1970. Nhasi, kunyange ndege dzisiri-injini-powered dzinovimba neavionics kuti ishande yakachengeteka uye inobudirira.

Kune vatyairi vendege, avionics inokosha. Inotungamira kuronga ndege, inochengetedza yakachengeteka kusimuka uye kumhara, uye inotarisisa masisitimu panguva yekufamba. Tekinoroji senge radar, sonar, marekodha endege, uye matanho ekutsigira emagetsi zvese chikamu cheiyi yakaoma kunzwisisa ecosystem.

Iyo FAA iri kuenderera mberi nekufambisira mberi maavionics kuburikidza neInotevera Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), iyo inobatanidza yekucheka-kumucheto matekinoroji uye maitiro ekuita kuti kufamba kwemhepo kuve kwakachengeteka, kunyatsoshanda, uye kwakavimbika.

Chii Chinonzi Avionics uye Sei Ichikosha?

Avionics ndiyo tekinoroji kuseri kwendege dzese, kubva kune diki ndege dzakavakwa-pamba kusvika kune epamusoro mauto jets. Ipfupi ye zvemagetsi zvendege, uye iri kwose kwose mukubhururuka kwemazuva ano.

Funga nezve avionics sehuropi hwendege. Inosanganisira zvese kubva kumidziyo yakapusa senge wachi kuratidza kune yakaoma masisitimu senge autopilot uye mamiriro ekunze radar.

Asi nei zvine basa? Avionics inochengetedza ndege dzakachengeteka, dzakasimba, uye dziri munzira. Inobatsira vatyairi vendege kufamba, kutaurirana, uye kutarisa mashandiro — nhanho imwe neimwe yenzira.

Kubva pakusimuka kusvika pakumhara, avionics iripo. Inotungamira vatyairi vendege panguva dzakabatikana senge kumhara, kuratidza runway centerlines uye yambiro yezvipingamupinyi. Inotobatsira kana uchibhururuka pasina kuonana, pasi Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).

Mainjiniya vanogadzira nekusimudzira masisitimu aya nguva dzose. Ivo vanoshanda pakufamba, kutaurirana, maturusi emamiriro ekunze, nezvimwe. Zvirongwa zvakaita seNextGen yeFAA zviri kusundira avionics mberi, vachishandisa masatellite neAI kuita kuti kubhururuka kuve kwakachengeteka uye kungwara.

Avionics haisi kungobatsira-inokosha. Ndiro gamba risingaitwi rinochengeta vatyairi vendege vachidzora uye vafambi vakachengeteka.

Njodzi dzeKunyanya Kuvimba neAdvanced Avionics

Advanced avionics inogona kuita kuti kubhururuka kuve kwakachengeteka uye kwakanyanya - kana yakashandiswa nemazvo. Asi kuvimba zvakanyanya neaya masisitimu anogona kuve nenjodzi.

Pane nguva apo kutonga kwevanhu uye hunyanzvi hazvigone kutsiva. Vatyairi vendege vasingazivi nzira yekubhururuka nechivimbo vasina maavionics epamusoro vanozviisa ivo nevafambi vavo munjodzi.

Vamwe vatyairi vendege vanodzivisa maavionics epamusoro zvachose, vachiaona nekunyumwira. Asi iyi haisiriyo mhinduro. Chinokosha kuenzanisa.

Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kumbundira mabhenefiti epamberi avionics uku vachichengetedza hunyanzvi hwakakosha. Kuziva nezvemamiriro ezvinhu uye kugona kubhururuka pasina maturusi epamusoro-soro zvakangokosha sekuziva mashandisiro.

Kuti vadzivise kuvimba zvakanyanya, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kugona kufamba kwechinyakare. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuverenga machati emuchadenga, kuronga makosi pasina GPS, uye kududzira data yemamiriro ekunze kubva kunzvimbo dzisiri dzemagetsi.

Vanofanirawo kugadzikana nekuverenga kwemanyorero ekugadzirira kusati kwabhururuka, senge zvinhu zvinotakura, simba remhepo, uye mhepo yechokwadi.

Pakupedzisira, vatyairi vendege vakanyanya ndevaya vanogona kusanganisa tekinoroji yepamusoro nehunyanzvi hwekubhururuka kwenguva refu.

Zvinhu Zvevanhu muAviation Electronics

Kudzidza kwezvinhu zvevanhu kwakabatana zvakanyanya nekugadzira uye kushandiswa kwe hurongwa hwemagetsi mundege. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kududzira data kubva kune aya masisitimu uye kuita pairi, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kune vanogadzira uye mainjiniya kunatsiridza kudyidzana pakati petekinoroji nevanhu vanoishandisa.

Kunzwisisa kuti vashandi vanodyidzana sei nekwavanogara ndiko kwakakosha pakugadzira masisitimu anoshanda, kwete mukamuri rekufambisa chete asi mundege yese. Izvi zvinopfuura vatyairi vendege zvinosanganisira vashandi vendege, makanika, uye kunyange vafambi.

Kukanganisa kwevanhu kunoramba kuri chikonzero chikuru chetsaona dzendege uye pedyo nekupotsa. Kuti zvigadzirise izvi, vatyairi vendege havafanire kungonzwisisa mashandiro anoita masisitimu aya asi kuti vadzidzewo kuzvibata nemazvo. Vagadziri nevashandisi zvakafanana vanovavarira kudzivirira nyaya dzakadai alarm kuneta, apo chenjedzo dzinogara dzichishandiswa kana kuti dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanyisa dzinoita kuti vanhu vasanzwa nyevero.

Alarm kuneta, dambudziko rinoonekwawo muminda senge hutano, rinogona kutungamira vatyairi kuti vatarise chenjedzo dzakakosha kana kukanganiswa. Ngozi iyi inokwidziridzwa munguva dzekufamba-famba kwehusiku kana mangwanani-ngwanani, pamwe nenzvimbo dzakavharirwa.

Kunyange vatyairi vendege vane ruzivo rwakanyanya vanogona kupotsa mabasa anokosha kana kukurirwa nemaaramu akawandisa, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu ekushushikana kwakanyanya. Kuziva matambudziko aya uye kutsvaga nzira dzekuadzikisa kwakakosha pakuita kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.

Kukosha Kwedzidzo

Kuvaka hwaro hwakasimba muhunyanzvi hwekubhururuka kwendege kunoda nharaunda yakakodzera-iyo inotsigira, kufunga-mberi, uye maoko-on. Zvikoro zvakanakisa zvekubhururuka nendege zvinopa mamiriro akakwana ekuvandudza hunyanzvi uhu, mungave mune cockpit chaiyo kana yepasi-ye-iyo-simulator.

Vadzidzisi vehunyanzvi uye zvirongwa zvakanyatsorongeka ndizvo zvakakosha. Vanobatsira vatyairi vezvikepe kuti vawane chivimbo uye kujairana nemasisitimu epamberi nguva refu vasati vaenda kumatenga. Kuratidzwa kwekutanga uku kunovimbisa kuti vakagadzirira kubata matambudziko epasirese zviri nyore.

mhedziso

Tekinoroji yendege yasandura nzira yatinobhururuka nayo, kuita kuti kufamba nendege kuve kwakachengeteka, kunyatsoshanda, uye nyore nyore kupinda kare. Kubva pane epamberi masisitimu ekufambisa kuenda kune chaiyo-nguva yekutarisa maitiro, aya maturusi akakosha kune vatyairi vemazuva ano.

Nekudaro, kiyi yekugona masisitimu aya iri munzira yakadzikama. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kumbundira mabhenefiti etekinoroji uku vachichengetedza hunyanzvi hwakakosha uye kuziva mamiriro. Dzidzo inoita basa rakakosha mukuwana chiyero ichi, ichipa ruzivo uye maoko-pane ruzivo runodiwa kuti ubudirire mu cockpit.

Kunyangwe iwe uri mutyairi wendege kana mutyairi wendege ane ruzivo, kunzwisisa uye kushandisa masisitimu aya nemazvo kwakakosha. Nekubatanidza tekinoroji yekucheka-cheka nehunyanzvi hwekubhururuka kwenguva, tinogona kuona matenga akachengeteka uye ramangwana rakajeka rekubhururuka nendege.

Tichifunga nezve basa rakakosha rinoitwa nemasisitimu aya mukuchengetedzeka uye nekubudirira, kusarudza nzvimbo yekudzidzira yakakodzera kwakakosha. Tsvaga zvirongwa zvinosimbisa maoko-pakudzidza uye kupa mukana wekucheka-kumucheto tekinoroji.

At Florida Flyers Flight Academy, semuenzaniso, vadzidzi vanobatsirwa nenzira yakazara. Iyo yekukurumidza-track aviation degree inosanganisa kuraira kwepasi nepamusoro-tech simulators uye cockpit familiarization. Izvi zvinodzikisira masisitimu epamberi, zvichibvumira vatyairi kuti vatarise pakuvaka hunyanzvi hwavo uye kugona zvakakosha zvekubhururuka.

Nehwaro hwakasimba uhu, vadzidzi havangonatsiridzi kugona kwavo basa chete asiwo vanofambira mberi zvakanaka kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kwavo. Dzidzo chaiyo inogadza nhanho yebasa rakabudirira uye rakavimbika mukubhururuka nendege.

Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve maitiro ekushandura rezenisi rezenisi rekunze mumatanho mana.