Nhanganyaya kuBhangi angle
Kubhururuka nendege kunoda dzikamo inowirirana pakati pokudzora kwomutyairi nemasimba echisiko. Pakati pezvinhu zvakakosha zvinopesvedzera kufamba kwendege ikona yebhangi - pfungwa yakakosha iyo inokanganisa maitiro ayo panguva yekutendeuka. Gwaro iri rinoongorora kukosha kwekona yebhangi, mhedzisiro yayo ndege dynamics, kuchengeteka, uye unyanzvi hunoshandiswa nevatyairi vendege kuti vagone kuita izvi zvinokosha pakubhururuka.
Kuziva kona yebhangi inyanzvi yakapfava iyo vatyairi vendege vanofanira kukwana kuti vafambe mumatenga nemazvo uye nenyasha. Ndiro rinotonga kutenderedzwa kwemajana, zvichiita kuti vatyairi vendege vagadzirise mafungiro endege uku vachichengetedza kutonga kwakanaka uye kugadzikana. Kunzwisisa kuomarara kwekona yebhangi kwakakosha pakufambisa kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka, kungave kutenderedza zvinyoro-nyoro kana kuita madhizaini akaomarara. Gwaro iri rine chinangwa chekupa mucherechedzo wakadzama wepfungwa yakakosha iyi, kupa simba vatyairi vendege neruzivo nehunyanzvi hwekuraira matenga nechivimbo.
Kunzwisisa Izvo Nheyo dzeBhangi Angle
Kana ndege ikatanga kutendeuka, inotsveta kana kubhenga mapapiro ayo zvichienderana nechekuchadenga - mafungiro aya anozivikanwa sekona yebhangi. Nekuchigadzirisa, vatyairi vendege vanogona kusiyanisa kwakananga kwesimba rekusimudza rinoshanda mundege, zvichivabvumira kukona nzira yavo yekubhururuka zvakanaka. Kukwirira kwebhangi kona kunoita kuti pave neredhiyo yakasimba uye inoita kuti ndege nevaya vari mukati vadzorerwe nemasimba makuru epakati.
Kubata pfungwa yacho kunoda kunzwisisa kwekudyidzana pakati pekusimudza, uremu, uye centrifugal simba. Sezvo mabhangi endege, chikamu chakamira chekusimudzira chinodzikira, zvichida kuwedzera kwekona yekurwisa kana kumhanya kwemhepo kuchengetedza kusimuka kwakakwana. Panguva imwe cheteyo, chikamu chakachinjika chekusimudza chinoburitsa simba repakati rinoita perpendicular kunzira yekubhururuka nendege, zvichiita kuti itendeuke.
Iyo yebhangi-kona chinhu chakakosha pakuona kutendeuka kwendege kuita uye kugadzikana. Bhangi-kona rakaitwa zvakanaka rinoita kuti pave nekutenderera kwakarongeka, uko kureba kweakisi yendege inoramba yakabatana nenzira yakakombama yekubhururuka. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kunyatso gadzirisa bhangi-kona, factoring in airspeed, kukwira, uye zvinhu zvinotakura kuchengetedza kutonga kwakaringana uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchinja kwakatsetseka, kwakanaka.
Basa reBhangi angle mukuita kwendege
Iyo kona yebhangi ine simba rakakura pakuita kwendege panguva yekutendeuka, zvichikanganisa zvakasiyana senge:
Shandura Radhiyasi: Kubatana kwakananga kuripo pakati pebhangi-kona uye radius yekutendeuka. Iyo yakakwira bhangi-kona, iyo inoomesa radius inova. Hukama uhu hunodzorwa neformula:
Shandura Radhiyasi = (Velocity^2) / (Gravity × Tan(Bank Angle))
Sezvo bhengi-kona rinowedzera, iyo tangent kukosha (Tan) inowedzerawo, zvichikonzera diki kutendeuka radius kune yakapihwa airspeed.
Rate of Turn: Mwero iyo ndege inoshandura musoro wayo, inozivikanwa seyero yekutendeuka, inoenderana zvakananga nebhangi-kona. A steeper bank-angle inoshandura muyero yakakwira yekutendeuka, zvichiita kuti ndege ichinje musoro wayo nekukasira. Hunhu uhu hunonyanya kukosha panguva yekufambisa kwakaoma kana pakufamba munzvimbo dzakamanikana.
Mutoro Chinhu: Panguva yekutendeuka, ndege nevari mairi vanoona kuwedzera kwehuremu, kunonzi sechinhu chinotakura. Ichi chinotakura chinhu chakanangana nebhangi-angle; sezvo bhangi-angle inowedzera, mutoro wemutoro unowedzerawo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chimiro chendege uye zvikamu zvinoiswa mukushushikana kukuru, zvichidikanwa kuteedzera kune yakatarwa dhizaini mipimo uye kuchengetedza mapuroteni.
Stall Speed: Kumhanya kwedanga, kunova ndiko kumhanya kwemhepo kudiki uko ndege inogona kuchengetedza kubhururuka kwayo, inotungamirwa nebhangi-kona. Nenguva isipi, iyo yekumhanyisa chiteshi inowedzera nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemutoro chinhu chakaiswa neiyo centrifugal simba. Iyo inokwira kubhengi-kona, iyo inokwirisa kasidhi yechitoro inova. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kugara vakasvinura uye kuchengetedza muganho wakakwana pamusoro pekumhanya kwepanotengeswa, kunyanya panguva yekuchinjika kana mafambisirwo anosanganisira mabhanga-makona akakwirira, kudzivirira njodzi inogona kuitika yedanga.
Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa uye nounyanzvi kutarisira bhengi-kona, vatyairi vendege vanogona kunatsiridza kushanda kwendege, kunyatsofambisa mafambisirwo endege, uye kuona kuti kufamba kwendege kwakachengeteka uye nemazvo.
Mashandisiro Anoita Vatyairi Vengarava Mabatiro Ebhangi Panguva Yekuchinja
Vatyairi vendege vanoshandisa kona yebhangi sechishandiso chakakosha pakuita majana chaiwo uye kuchengetedza kudzora nzira yekubhururuka nayo ndege. Munguva dzakasiyana dzekufamba nendege, bank-angle inoita basa rakakosha:
Standard Rate Turns: Matendeuko aya anoitwa pane imwe bhanga-kona, kazhinji kubva pa15 kusvika ku30 madhigirii, kuti awane mwero wakaenzana wekutendeuka. Standard rate turns inowanzoshandiswa pakufambisa zvinangwa kana pakutevera kudzora kwemhepo mirayiridzo. Nekuchengetedza bhengi-angle inowirirana, vatyairi vendege vanogona kuve nechokwadi chekufungidzira uye kudzorwa kutendeuka.
Steep Turns: Kuchinja kunosanganisira mabhengi-makona anodarika 30 madhigirii uye anodzidziswa kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekutyaira uye kuratidza kugona kwendege mukati memuganho wakachengeteka wemutoro. Aya mafambisirwo anoda kunyatso kudzora kupinza uye kunyatsonzwisisa kwekuwedzera kushushikana kwechimiro uye masisitimu endege. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kunyatso kudzora kumhanya kwemhepo, kukwira, uye kubhengi-kona kuti vadzivise kudarika zvimiro kana aerodynamic kukwana.
Coordinated Turns: Nekutenderera kwakarongeka, vatyairi vendege vanoronga zvine hunyanzvi mashandisirwo eailerons, chidzoreso, uye elevator kuti varambe vakakwira uye nekumhanya kwemhepo pavanenge vachitendeuka painoda kubhengi kona. Nekugadzirisa kureba kweakisi yendege nenzira yayo yakakombama yekubhururuka, vatyairi vendege vanogona kukona kutenderera kwakatsetseka uye kwakagadzikana pasina kukonzeresa kutadza kutadza kana kutenderera.
Kutsvedza uye kutsvedza: Mune mamwe mamiriro, akadai crosswind landings kana kuti panodiwa kudzora kudzika kwemazinga, vatyairi vendege vanogona kupesvedzera nemaune kutsvedza kana kutsvedza. Panguva yekutsvedza, mutyairi anoshandisa iyo rudhi kusaruramisa kureba kweakisi yendege nenzira yayo yekubhururuka, zvichiita kuti iwedzere kukweva uye kudzika kwekona. Ukuwo, mukutsvedza, mutyairi wendege anoshandisa chidzoreso kugadzira kutadza kurongeka kwakanangana nekwakapesana, achigadzira chinotsvedza chinogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuyambuka mhepo kana kugadzirisa njanji yepasi.
Bank Angle uye Impact Yayo Pakuchengetedza
Nepo bhengi-kona iri chinhu chakakosha pakubhururuka, inozivisawo chengetedzo iyo vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunge vachiziva zvakanyanya uye nekugona kutonga nemazvo. Kutadza kunyatso tsanangura mhedzisiro yebhangi-angle kunogona kutungamirira kune zvinogona kuva nengozi mamiriro.
Panguva yekudzoreredza kwesitendi, kuita maneuver pane yakawandisa bhangi kona kunogona kuve kwakaoma nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekumhanya kwestall uye mukana wekupinda mune yekusaziva spin. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kungwarira uye kutevedzera nzira dzakatarwa kuti vadzivise kuwedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Pamusoro pezvo, ndege yega yega ine yakakwira inotenderwa kubhengi kona kupfuura iyo kukuvara kwechimiro kana kukundikana kunogona kuitika nekuda kwekunyanya kuremerwa zvinhu. Kuomerera kune izvi zvisingakwanisi kwakakosha kuchengetedza kuvimbika kwendege.
Steep bank angles inogonawo kubatsira mukusagadzikana kwenzvimbo, kunyanya mukati instrument meteorological mamiriro (IMC), uko zvinoratidzwa zvinogumira kana kuti zvisipo. Kuvhiringidzika uku kunogona kukanganisa kukwanisa kwemutyairi wendege kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu uye kuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo. Uyezve, kana uchishanda mukumuka kwendege hombe, mabhengi akawandisa anogona kuwedzera njodzi yekusangana nekumuka, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa kwekutonga kana kukuvara kwechimiro kundege.
Kuverengera Bank Angle: Formulas uye Zvishandiso
Muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubhururuka, vatyairi vendege vanowanzoda kuverenga kona yebhangi yakakodzera, kungave kuita chiyero chakajairwa kutendeuka kana kuona iyo yakakura inobvumidzwa kona yebhangi kune yakapihwa mhepo uye mutoro chinhu. Maformula akati wandei uye maturusi aripo ekubatsira nekuverenga uku.
Imwe nzira inowanzo shandiswa ndeye Standard Rate Turn Formula, iyo inoenderana nekona yebhangi kune mwero wekutendeuka, velocity, uye simba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi: Bank Angle (mumadhigirii) = Tan ^ -1 (Tan(Rate of Turn × Velocity / Gravity)) . Pamusoro pezvo, iyo Load Factor Formula, Load Factor = 1 / Cos(Bank Angle), inobvumira vatyairi vendege kuti vaone kuwedzera kuri pachena kwehuremu hunowanikwa panguva yekubhengi.
Kugadzirisa maverengero aya, vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanoshandisa makomputa endege kana nharembozha dzinogona kukurumidza kuverengera makona ekubhengi, zvinhu zvinoremerwa, uye mamwe maparamita ekuita zvinoenderana nedata rakaiswa. Uyezve, mabhuku ekubhururuka kwendege uye machati ekushanda anowanzo kupa mabhengi akaverengerwa emhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekumhanya kwemhepo uye zvinhu zvinoremerwa, kurerutsa maitiro uye kuderedza kudiwa kwemanyorerwo emakomputa.
Kudzidziswa paBhangi angle muFlight School
Kuziva pfungwa yebhangi-kona chinhu chakakosha chekudzidzira ndege, uye zvikoro zvekubhururuka zvakadai Florida Flyers Flight Academy kupa nguva yakakosha uye zviwanikwa kuti vatyairi vendege vawedzere hunyanzvi munzvimbo iyi. Zvakajairwa kudzidzira maekisesaizi uye zviitiko zvinosanganisira:
Steep Turns: Vatyairi vendege vevadzidzi vanodzidzira kuita matendeuko mukati memakona ebhangi akatarwa, kazhinji anotangira pamakumi matatu kusvika pamakumi matanhatu. Aya mafambisirwo anovandudza hunyanzvi hwakakosha sekubatanidza, kutonga chaiko, uye kugona kuchengetedza kukwira uye kumhanya kwemhepo uchibhanga zvakanyanya. Varayiridzi vanonyatsotarisisa kuita kwemudzidzi uye vanopa mhinduro chaiyo-nguva yekusimbisa maitiro akakodzera.
Kuzivikanwa kweStall uye Kudzoreredza: Chikamu chakakosha chekudzidziswa kwendege chinosanganisira kucherechedzwa kwekugara uye kudzoreredza pamakona akasiyana emabhangi. Vadzidzi vanodzidza kuziva uye kupindura kune zviratidziro pavanenge vachiita majana, sezvo hunhu hwekutengesa hunogona kusiyana zvakanyanya nekuchinja kwekona yebhangi. Kudzidzira maitiro ekudzoreredza kubva muzviitiko izvi kunogadzirira vatyairi vendege kuti vakwanise kurasikirwa nekudzora mamiriro uye kunowedzera kugona kwavo kudzoreredza kubhururuka nekukasira.
Zvishandiso Matanho: Panguva yekudzidziswa kwezviridzwa, vadzidzi vanodzidza kuchengetedza makona ebhangi chaiwo panguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzezviridzwa, senge nzira dzechiridzwa uye maitiro ekubata. Kuomerera kumakona emabhangi akataurwa kwakakosha pakuona jiometry yendege yakakodzera uye kudzivirira kunetsana kungangoitika nenzvimbo kana kumwe kufambiswa kwemhepo.
Emergency Procedures: Vatyairi vendege vari mukudzidziswa vanodzidziswa mabatiro enjodzi, sekutadza kweinjini kana kusashanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa, uku vachichengeta makona ebhangi akakodzera ekubhururuka kwakachengeteka. Kudzidziswa uku kunosimbisa kukosha kwekukoshesa kutonga uye kudzikamisa mafungiro endege isati yagadzirisa mamiriro ekukurumidzira. Mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kusanganisira mashandiro einjini imwe chete, kutadza kwehurongwa panguva yekutendeuka, kana mamwe mamiriro anoda kurongeka kwemakona ebhangi.
Kuburikidza nekudzidzira kwakawanda uye kutevedzera zviitiko, zvikoro zvekubhururuka senge Florida Flyers Flight Academy kuvavarira kupinza kunzwisisa kwakadzama uye mhasuru yekurangarira kubata makona emabhangi mumamiriro akasiyana siyana, kuve nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vendege vanokudziridza hunyanzvi hunodiwa uye chivimbo chekuita majana zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira mumabasa epasirese chaiwo.
Bank Angle: Zvakajairwa Zvikanganiso uye Maitiro ekuzvidzivirira
Kunyange vatyairi vendege vane ruzivo vanogona kukanganisa pakubata makona ebhangi, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kuchengetedza uye kuita kwendege. Zvakakosha kuziva uye kugadzirisa zvikanganiso izvi zvakajairika kudzivirira mamiriro angangoita njodzi.
Chimwe chikanganiso chinowanzoitwa kubhengi zvakapfurikidza, apo vatyairi vendege vanodarika mwero webhangi unokurudzirwa pane imwe nzira. Chikanganiso ichi chinogona kutungamira kune yakawandisa mitoro zvinhu, zvichiwedzera njodzi yematare kana kukuvadzwa kwechimiro. Kutevedzera maitiro akatarwa uye zvisingakwanisi kwakakosha kudzivirira zviitiko zvakadaro. Pamusoro pezvo, kutadza kunyatso ronga mashandisirwo ezvidzoreso zvendege panguva yekutendeuka kunogona kukonzera mafambiro asina kurongeka, senge skids kana kutsvedza, kuwedzera kudhonza uye zvinogona kutungamira mukurasikirwa kwekutonga. Kudzidzira kutendeuka kwakarongeka kwakakosha pakuvandudza hunyanzvi hunodiwa.
Spatial disorientation, kunyanya mumidziyo yemamiriro ekunze (IMC), imwe njodzi yakakosha. Kuvimba chete nezvinoonekwa panguva yekutendeuka kunogona kuita kuti vatyairi vendege vanzwisise zvisizvo maitiro endege, zvichizokonzera kuti vaite zvisizvo zvekudzora. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kudzidza kuvimba nezviridzwa zvavo uye kuchengetedza ruzivo rwemamiriro ezvinhu nguva dzese. Uyezve, kuregeredza kuchekerera ndege zvakanaka panguva yekutendeuka kunogona kuwedzera basa remutyairi uye kutungamirira kumatambudziko. Tekinoroji yekuchekeresa yakafanira inofanirwa kuitwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti ndege inofamba zvakanaka uye zvine hunyanzvi.
Matekiniki epamusoro eManaging Bank Angle
Sezvo vatyairi vendege vachiwana ruzivo uye hunyanzvi, vanogona kusangana nemamiriro ezvinhu anoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekutarisira mabhengi-makona, ichida hunyanzvi hwepamusoro uye kurongeka.
Imwe nzira yakadaro kudzika kwakadzikama, apo vatyairi vendege vanofanira kudzika pasi pamawere ebhengi vachichengetedza kumhanya kwemhepo uye mwero wekuburuka. Kufambisa uku kunoda kunyatso kurongeka uye kutonga kwesimba kuti ive nechokwadi chekudzikama nzira yekubhururuka uye kudzivirira kudarika zvimiro kana aerodynamic.
Pamusoro pezvo, kutsvedza uye kutsvedza kumberi nzira dzepamberi dzinoshandiswa kuwedzera mwero wekudzika kana kugadzirisa mamiriro ekuyambuka panguva yekumhara. Mumafambisirwo aya, kudzora kwakaringana kwebhangi kwakakosha kuchengetedza nzira yekubhururuka yaunoda uye kudzivirira ndege kuti isapinda mune isingafungirwe kana mamiriro ekumira.
Zvakare, munzvimbo yekubhururuka kweaerobatic, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kunyatso kudzora makona ebhangi kuti vaite zvishwe, ma rolls, uye mamwe mafambisirwo epamberi vachibata simba uye zvinhu zvinoremerwa. Mafambisirwo aya anoda kudzora ndege kwakasarudzika uye kuziva mamiriro ekufamba nendege kuburikidza nemaitiro akaomarara uye mafambiro akachengeteka.
mhedziso
Kuziva pfungwa yebhangi kona kwakakosha kune vatyairi vendege vari kutsvaga kuita kwakakwana kwendege. Iyi musimboti wakakosha unodzora maitiro endege panguva yekutendeuka uye mafambisirwo, zvichipesvedzera zvinhu zvakaita seredhiyo yekuchinja, chiyero chekutendeuka, chinoremerwa, uye kumhanya kwechiteshi. Nekunzwisisa hukama hwebhangi angle nekusimudza, uremu, uye centrifugal simba, vatyairi vendege vanogona kuita mamaneuvers chaiwo vachichengetedza kutonga.
Mugwaro rese iri, takaongorora hwaro hwebhanga hwemakona uye mashandisirwo anoshanda mukudzidziswa kwendege uye matekiniki epamusoro. Kudzidziswa kwakaringana, maekisesaizi ekuenzanisa, uye kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvakakosha pakukura kugona pamusoro peiyi pfungwa. Pakupedzisira, kuzvipira kuenderera mberi nekudzidza uye kushanda nevarairidzi vane ruzivo kunogonesa vatyairi vendege kusimudza hunyanzvi hwavo hwemakona ekubhengi, vachivhura kugona kwavo sevatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi vanoraira denga nemazvo.
Simudza Hunyanzvi Hwako hwePiloting ne Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Zvirongwa zvedu zvekudzidzisa zvakazara zvinoisa pamberi ruzivo rwakadzama uye nekushandisa kwehunyanzvi hwemakona ebhangi. Pasi pekutungamira kwevarairidzi vedu vane ruzivo, iwe unokudziridza hunyanzvi uye kusatya kuraira ndege nemazvo uye nenyasha. Nyoresa nhasi uye vhura kugona kwako kuzere semutyairi wendege ane hunyanzvi.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve Private Pilot Ground School Course.
