Rezinesi reKufambisa Ndege: Gwaro Rakazara reChitupa cheATP

Zuva raunoona kuti chitupa chebhizinesi hachizokupi basa nendege ndiro zuva iro hurongwa hwako hwebasa hunoda kunyorwa patsva. Chitupa ichocho chinokutendera kuti ubhadharise kubhururuka, asi chinomira pedyo necockpit inonyanya kukosha. License yeAirline Transport Pilot ndiyo certification yeFAA, uye ndiyo chete nzira inoenda kuruboshwe rweAirbus kana Boeing.

Vatyairi vazhinji vanoona ATP semutsetse wekupedzisa uri kure kwete sechinangwa chakakosha. Vanounganidza maawa vasina hurongwa, vobva vaona zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa uye mwero wekutarisa rwendo unoda zvinopfuura nguva yekubhururuka isina kurongwa.

Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura zvinonyatso pihwa neATP, chokwadi chekuvaka maawa, uye nzira yekudzidzira inokusvitsa ikoko. Pakupedzisira, uchaziva chaizvo kuti wakamira papi uye kuti danho rako rinotevera rinodhura zvakadii.

Zvinonyatso bvumidzwa neRezenisi yeKufambisa Ndege

Rezinesi reKufambisa Ndege (Airline Transport Pilot License) ndiro gwaro repamusoro-soro rechitupa chekutyaira ndege chinopihwa neFAA. Chinodiwa kuti chishande semutyairi wendege kana kuti chibhururutse vafambi nezvinhu zviri pasi pemutemo we Chikamu 121 mashandiro endegeMusiyano iwoyo mumwe chete unoiparadzanisa nedzimwe magwaro ese anogona kupihwa nemutyairi wendege.

Zvinoreva chigaro chekuruboshwe cheAirbus A320 kana Boeing 737. Zvinoreva kuraira makambani endege akarongwa achifambisa mazana evafambi. Chitupa chekutengeserana chinokutendera kuti ubhadharise mirairo yekubhururuka kana kudhonza mabhanara. Hazvikuisi iwe mutungamiriri wendege.

Apa ndipo pasinganzwisisike vatyairi vendege vazhinji nezvechitupa. ATP chitupa semutemo, bhokisi rekutarisa mushure mekunyora maawa akakwana. FAA inoriona semashoko echokwadi ekuti mutyairi wendege anokodzera kuva nebasa guru mukufambisa ndege dzekutengeserana. Musiyano uripo pakati pemaonero maviri aya ndiwo unomira mabasa.

Zvikoro zvekubhururuka zvinodzidzisa kusvika padanho iri zvinonzwisisa matambudziko. Florida Flyers Flight Academy inovaka mapurogiramu ayo ebasa rekufambisa ndege zvichienderana neATP standard, kwete sekufunga kwekupedzisira asi semugumo wesarudzo yega yega yekudzidziswa. Kufamba netsoka hakupi mubayiro kune vatyairi vendege vanongounganidza nguva yekubhururuka. Kunopa mubayiro kune vatyairi vendege vanogona kutungamira.

Kuva neATP ndiko musiyano uripo pakati pekukodzera kubhururuka nekuva nechivimbo chekutungamira. Kuvimba ikoko ndiko chinangwa chese chemvumo, uye ndosaka makambani endege achiishandisa sesefa yavo huru yekutonga.

Zvinoreva kuti kambani yendege haiverengi logbook yako kuti ione kuti wasvika padanho repamusoro. Vanotsvaga ATP nekuti inoita kuti makore ekutonga kwekambani aite seimwe nzira inosimbiswa. Ndiyo nzira pfupi iyi ndiyo inoita kuti kambani dzendege dzemuno dziinyore sezvinodiwa, kwete sezvinodiwa.

Tora chitupa sechisarudzo chebasa, kwete chiitiko chakakosha kutsungirira. Awa yega yega yaunopinda muATP inofanira kufambiswa nepfungwa yekuva nemukuru wemauto. Mutyairi wendege anotanga tsika iyoyo nekukurumidza ndiye anopinda kuruboshwe asina nguva yekuchinja.

Sei ATP iri Denga reMabasa eVatyairi vendege

Chitupa chebhizinesi ndicho chinotanga kuwana mari yekutyaira ndege, asi ndipowo panopera mabasa. Rezinesi reKufambisa Ndege reAirline Transport ndiro mutsetse unoparadzanisa mutyairi wendege anobhururuka achida mari kubva kune anotyaira ndege, uye makambani endege anoona musiyano iwoyo sewega unokosha.

Sarudzo yega yega yekuhaya ndege inoenderana nemagwaro aya. Chitupa chebhizinesi chinokodzera mutyairi wendege kuti abhururuke nendege diki, asi chigaro chekuruboshwe cheBoeing kana Airbus pasi peChikamu 121 chakavharwa pasina ATP. nzira yebasa yevatyairi vendege zviri pachena: chitupa chekutengeserana chinoratidza kubhururuka kunobhadharwa, ukuwo ATP ichiratidza simba rekuraira.

Ndege dzinoshandisa ATP sezvinhu zvinopfuura kungotarisa zviri pamutemo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mutyairi wendege apukunyuka dambudziko reruzivo rwemuchadenga, apasa ATP CTP, uye aratidza mutongo unodiwa kuti ave nebasa guru mucockpit. Vanotsvaga vashandi vanoona ATP sehumbowo hwekuzvipira, kwete kungotevedzera mitemo chete. airline pilot requirements.

Huremu hweATP hunopfuura zvinorayirwa neFAA. Simba rekutonga rine simba guru rekushanda iro chitupa chekutengeserana chisingambofi chakabata. Sarudzo dzekaputeni dzinosunga kambani yendege, vashandi, nemutakuri wese ari mundege, uye ATP ndiyo nzira yeindasitiri yekugadzirira kutakura mutoro iwoyo.

Vatyairi vendege vane ATP vanovimbwa zvakasiyana. Ndivo vanodaidzwa kuti vakwidziridze mitengo, avo vanoonekwa sevanoda mabasa ekuongorora ndege, avo vane mabhuku avo ekunyora anovhura mikova yakavharwa kune vamwe vese. Kuvimba ikoko ndiko chibereko chaicho chemagwaro ebasa. Musiyano uripo pakati pekuwana mari nekutungamira ndipo panogumira mabasa mazhinji evatyairi vendege. ATP ndiyo yega zambuko rinoyambuka.

Mutemo weMaawa 1,500 neATP Yakaganhurirwa

Mutemo wemaawa chiuru nemazana mashanu ndiwo apo zvirongwa zvakawanda zvebasa rekutyaira ndege zvinosvika pakutanga. Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati peATP isina muganho nehama yayo yakaganhurirwa kunoratidza kana uchimirira kwemakore kana kuti kubhururuka semutyairi wendege uchiri kugadzira nguva.

Nei FAA Yakaisa Bar paMaawa 1,500

Congress yakaraira kuti pave neawa imwe chete inosvika chiuru nemazana mashanu mushure mekudonha kweColgan Air muna 2009 kwakafumura kuti macockpit emunzvimbo iyi akanga aita vanhu vashoma. Nhamba imwe chete iyoyo yakachinja chimiro chepombi yese yemutyairi uye zvakagadzira kushomeka kwevatyairi vendege pamwe chete uko kuchiri kunzwiwa nemakambani endege emunharaunda nanhasi.

Zvinobvumirwa neATP Yakaganhurirwa

A kodzero dzakaganhurirwa ATP inobvumira mutyairi wendege kushanda semutyairi wendege asati asvika maawa 1,500 akazara. FAA yakagadzira nzira iyi kuitira kuti vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi vatange kugadzira nguva yendege vasina kumirira nguva. Uchiri kuda ruzivo rwakafanana uye mashandiro ekutarisa, maawa mashoma chete akanyorerwa.

Ndiani Anokodzera Kuderedzwa Kwemari Yakaderera

Vaya vakapedza kudzidza muzvirongwa zveyunivhesiti zvekufambisa ndege zvakatenderwa neFAA vanogona kukodzera pamaawa chiuru, nepo vatyairi vendege vemauto vane ruzivo rwakakwana vanogona kuwana ATP yakaganhurirwa pamaawa mazana manomwe nemakumi mashanu. Haisi awa imwe neimwe inoverengwa zvakaenzana mumaziso eFAA, uye musiyano iwoyo unochinja marongero aunofanira kuita kudzidziswa kwako.

Maitiro Ekuti ATP Yakaganhurirwa Inochinja Sei Nguva Yako Yenguva

Chitupa chakaganhurirwa hachisi nzira yekupfupisa yekuraira. Ibhiriji rinokupinza muchigaro chakakodzera chendege uku uchiramba uchiunganidza maawa anodiwa kuti tora chitupa chako cheATP zvizere. Vatyairi vendege vazhinji vanofamba nenzira iyi vanobhururuka sevakuru vekutanga kwemakore maviri kusvika matatu vasati vakwidziridzwa kuva kaputeni.

Sarudzo Yechokwadi Inosangana Nevatyairi Vendege Vazhinji

Kusarudza pakati pekumirira ATP isina muganho kana kugamuchira yakaganhurirwa inyaya yehurongwa hwebasa, kwete mubvunzo wekudzidzira. Nzira yakaganhurirwa inoita kuti uwane mihoro yendege nekukurumidza, asi inokuvharira munzvimbo yakakodzera kusvika maawa aungana. Vatyairi vendege vanonzwisisa kutengeserana uku vanokurumidza kugadzira nguva yavo yekubhururuka nechinangwa kwete netsaona.

Zvinodiwa Kuti Ukwanise: Zera, Maawa, uye Kudzidziswa

Kukodzera kuwana rezenisi yekufambisa ndege kunosanganisira matanho matatu akaomarara: zera, ruzivo rwemuchadenga, uye kosi yeATP CTP.

• Zera risingasviki. Unofanira kunge uine makore makumi maviri nematatu ekuberekwa kuti uwane ATP isina muganho.
• Huwandu hweawa yekubhururuka. FAA inoda maawa chiuru nemazana mashanu enguva yekubhururuka, pamwe chete nemutengo wakaderera mumamiriro ekuyambuka nyika, husiku, uye mamiriro emidziyo.
• Kupedza ATP CTP. Kosi iyi yekudzidzira pasi inofanirwa kuitwa usati watanga ATP checkride.
• Nguva yekutyaira ndege. Unoda maawa mazana mashanu ekufamba nendege munyika dzakasiyana, maawa zana ekubhururuka husiku, uye maawa makumi manomwe nemashanu ekushandisa zvishandiso.
• Nzira yemauto. Vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi vanogona kunzvenga mutemo wemaawa chiuru nemazana mashanu (1,500-awa) zvachose kana vakapihwa maawa mashoma.
• Nzira yekukoreji. Vaya vakapedza kudzidza muzvirongwa zvedhigirii rendege rakatenderwa vanogona kuwana ATP yakaganhurirwa nemaawa mashoma se1,000.
• Bvunzo dzakanyorwa uye dzinoshanda. Kupasa bvunzo yeruzivo rweATP uye checkride ndicho chipingamupinyi chekupedzisira.

Zvinodiwa pamaawa hazvisi zvechivanhu. Zviripo kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti mutyairi wendege anoona mamiriro ekunze akakwana, nhandare dzendege dzakakwana, uye njodzi dzakakwana kuti aite sarudzo dzakanaka kana akamanikidzwa. Kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvishoma ndicho chinhu chiri nyore; kunaka kwemaawa iwayo kunonyanya kukosha kupfuura huwandu hwese.

Vatyairi vendege vane ATP isina muganho vanobvumidzwa kushanda semutyairi wendege anotungamira vatakuri vendege vakarongwa pasi pe CFR 14 Chikamu 121 mashandiro. Simba iroro repamutemo ndiro chinangwa chikuru chemvumo. Florida Flyers Flight Academy inopa ATP CTP uye inogona kutungamira vatyairi vendege kuburikidza ne zvinodiwa pakudzidzisa mutyairi pasina fungidziro.

Mutemo wemaawa chiuru nemazana mashanu unobvisa vatyairi vendege vakanyora maitiro akafanana ekubhururuka kakawanda. Mutyairi wendege ane maawa chiuru nemazana mashanu eruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwekufamba munyika, husiku, uye kushandisa michina haasi mutyairi wendege akafanana nemunhu akaunganidza maawa munzira imwe chete mumamiriro akafanana. Maawa ebasa anomiririra kutonga, uye kutonga ndiko kunoedzwa ne checkride.

Rwendo rwekuenda kuATP runotora nguva yakareba sei

Mugwagwa kubva pazero maawa kuenda kuruboshwe unoyerwa nemakore, kwete mwedzi. Vazhinji vevatyairi vendege vanoda kutyaira vanorerutsa pakati perwendo irworwo, nzvimbo iri pakati pekutanga solo neATP checkride, apo kudonha kunoitika chinyararire. Pakati ipapo ndipo panoitika kudonha. Chirongwa chekutyaira ndege cheATP chimiro chinogona kukutakura kana kukusiya wakashama.

Step 1. Wana chitupa chekutyaira ndege chakazvimirira. Iyi ndiyo hwaro, apo kubhururuka kunorega kuva chiroto uye kunova hunyanzvi. Pasina icho, hapana chimwe chiri pane iyi rondedzero.

Step 2. Wedzera chiyero chezviridzwa. Apa ndipo panodzidza vatyairi vendege kuvimba nezvishandiso kupfuura zvisikwa, uye ndiyo sefa yekutanga chaiyo yemunhu anofanira kuva mundege. Siya izvi uye chitupa chekutengeserana chinotevera chichanzwa chisina zvachinoreva.

Step 3. Vaka chitupa chebhizinesi. Chitupa ichi chinobvumira kubhururuka nendege uchibhadharwa, asi chinhu chakakosha, kwete kuenda kwaunoda kuenda. Maawa akanyorwa pano anokosha kupfuura chitupa chacho, nekuti anogovera zvakananga huwandu hwese hunodiwa neFAA.

Step 4. Kudzidziswa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Ndege dzinofambisa ndege dzine injini dzinopfuura imwe chete, uye FAA inoda hunyanzvi hwakaratidzwa munzvimbo iyoyo. Danho iri rinotanga basa guru rekubhururuka kwendege chaiyo.

Step 5. Pedzisa nzira yeATP CTP wobva waongorora. Iri ndiro gedhi rekupedzisira, uye ndiro nzira yevatyairi vakawanda vasina kugadzirira zvakakwana. Nzira iyi inovhara mashandiro eChikamu 121 chekubhururuka, uye kuongorora uku kunosarudza kana FAA ichivimba newe nemvumo yekuraira.

Zvikoro zvekubhururuka zvinobatanidza matanho aya mugwara rimwe chete rinoenderera mberi zvinobvisa kusawirirana kwekumira nekutangazve. Florida Flyers Flight Academy inovaka purogiramu yayo kuitira kuti chikamu chimwe nechimwe chipe chimwe chikafu kune chinotevera, izvo zvinodzivirira nguva kuti isatambanuke kusvika pamakore ekumirira pasina chekuita. Rwendo rwacho rwakareba, asi chimiro chacho chinosarudza kana iri mutsetse wakatwasuka kana kuti wakaoma. Zvinodiwa zvechitupa cheATP vanopa mibairo vatyairi vendege vanoona nzira senzira imwe chete kwete sezvipingamupinyi zvishanu zvakasiyana.

Rezinesi reATP vs. Commercial Pilot: Musiyano Chaiwo

Musiyano uripo pakati pechitupa chekutengesa neAirline Transport Pilot License hauyerwi mumaawa ekubhururuka chete. Unoyerwa muchiremera chevatungamiriri, uye musiyano iwoyo unoratidza kuti unobhururuka nendege kuti urarame here kana kuti unoraira ndege.

Chitupa chekutyaira ndege yekutengeserana ndicho chitupa chekutanga chinokutendera kuti uwane mari mucockpit. Chinokukodzera kuti ukwanise kudhonza mabhanari, kudzidziswa kubhururuka, basa rekuhaya ndege diki, uye mamwe mabasa ekubhururuka anobhadhara anovaka nguva uye anovandudza hunyanzvi.

Chitupa ichocho chinomira kure necockpit inokosha. Vatyairi vendege dzemabhizimisi havagone kushanda sevatungamiriri vendege dzakarongwa, uye havagone kubhururutsa vatakuri kana zvinhu pasi pemabasa eChikamu 121. Mutemo wepamutemo unotevedzerwa parwendo rwese.

ATP inobvisa denga iroro. Kubata chiratidzo kune imwe kambani yendege kuti wasvika padanho repamusoro reFAA reruzivo rwezvendege, kuita sarudzo, uye ruzivo rwekuraira. Chitupa ndicho chinokuisa pachigaro chekuruboshwe cheAirbus kana Boeing, kwete pachigaro cherudyi cheCessna.

Musiyano wekudzidziswa wakanyanya kufanana. Chitupa chebhizinesi chinoda kubhururuka neunyanzvi uye kugona kufamba zvakanaka. ATP inoda hutungamiriri pasi pekumanikidzwa, manejimendi yezviwanikwa zvevashandi, uye hunyanzvi hwekufona zvinokanganisa mazana evanhu. Ndosaka makambani endege achitora ATP senzira yekutanga yekutungamira.

Kune vanotanga basa rekutsvaga rubatsiro, sarudzo yacho haisi yakaoma. Kuwana mari kunoda commercial pilot certificate, asi kutungamira ndege kunoda ATP. Yekutanga inobhadhara mabhiri iwe uchigadzirira kuenda kune yechipiri, uye yechipiri inotsanangura basa rako.

Mubvunzo chaiwo hausi wekuti unogona here kubhururuka zvakanaka kuti upfuure rwendo rwekutarisa. Asi ndewekuti unoda here kuzvipira kukudzidziswa, maawa, uye mutoro zvinoparadzanisa rezinesi rekutyaira kubva kuchirongwa chekuraira. Kuzvipira ikoko ndiko musiyano mukuru.

EASA neGlobal ATPL Landscape

ATP yeFAA ipasipoti yenyika. EASA ATPL ipasipoti inoshanda munyika dzakawanda. Musiyano iwoyo unoratidzazve marongero anoita vatyairi vendege vepasi rose mabasa avo ese.

Munyika dzeEASA neUnited Kingdom, ATPL ndiyo yepamusoro-soro chitupa chemutyairi wendege. Sisitimu iyi inoda bvunzo gumi nemana dzakanyorwa, bvunzo yekubhururuka, uye nzira yekudzidzira yekudzidzisa yakabatana kana kuti yakabatana. Kudzidziswa kwemhando yepamusoro kunokutendera kuti ugadzire maawa paunenge uchishanda. Mapurogiramu akabatana anomanikidza zvese kuita imwe nzira yakarongwa.

Nyaya yekuchinja ndege ndiyo inonyanya kuronga mutyairi wendege wepasi rose. Mutyairi wendege ane FAA ATP anogona kushandura ndege kuita EASA, asi maitiro acho anosanganisira kuongororwa kwechikwereti, bvunzo dzekuwedzera, uye bvunzo dzekubhururuka. Zvakasiyana zvinoshandawo, asi hapana nzira inongoerekana yaitika. Kushandurwa kwemarezinesi kutaurirana pakati pemitemo miviri yekutonga, kwete gwaro rekunyora.

Ndosaka vadzidzi vazhinji vekune dzimwe nyika vachitanga kudzidzira muUS. Rezinesi reATP muUSA Inovhura mikana yendege dzemuAmerica, uko maawa anovakwa nekukurumidza. Maawa iwayo anobva adzokera kuzvinodiwa zveEASA zvekushandura. Nzira iyi inogadzira denderedzwa rebasa iro kudzidziswa kwemuno kusingawanzoenderana.

Florida Flyers Flight Academy inoitisa EASA ATPL modular training kunyanya yebhiriji iri. Vatyairi vendege vepasi rose vanopedza kudzidziswa kweFAA, vanovaka maawa muUS system, uye vanodzoka kumba vaine zvitupa zvinoremekedzwa nevatongi vese. Maumbirwo emodular anovabvumira kumhanya bvunzo dzeEASA zvichienderana nehurongwa hwavo hwekubhururuka.

Nguva dzekuchinja dzinonyanya kukosha kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevatyairi vendege. Kuchinja kubva kuFAA kuenda kuEASA kunogona kutora mwedzi yakawanda yekuronga bvunzo uye kutarisa. Kutanga mapepa nekukurumidza kunochinja zvese.

Isa fomu rekusimbisa humbowo hwebasa usati watanga kudzidziswa, kwete mushure mekudzidziswa. Kuongororwa kwega kunogona kunonotsa basa nekupedza nguva yese yekutora vashandi. Kunonoka ikoko kwakaita kuti vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi varasikirwe nerwendo rwavo rwekutanga rwekirasi yendege.

Nhanho Yako Inotevera Kuenda Kuchigaro Chekuruboshwe

Rezenisi yeKufambisa Ndege yeAirline Transport ndiyo inoita kuti pave nemakore ekumhanya-mhanya uye kufamba-famba. Awa yega yega yekubhururuka yaunonyora kubva pano zvichienda mberi iri kuvakwa kusvika panguva iyoyo yemvumo kana kuti yekumaka. Musiyano ndewako wekuita.

Kusarudza iyo Chikoro chekutyaira cheATP Nenzira yakarongeka inochinja kuti chikamu chinotevera chebasa rako chinotaridzika sei. Vatyairi vendege vanotora ATP senhanho iri kure vanomirira mukana. Vatyairi vendege vanoitora senzira inotevera inounzwa vanotorwa basa rekuruboshwe pane kuiona ichiendeswa kune mumwe munhu.

Ongorora bhuku rako remitambo uchifunga nezvezvinodiwa nhasi. Sarudza nzira yekudzidzira inovhara mipata yako nekukurumidza. Tanga ATP CTP, pedzisa checkride, uye rega basa rinotevera rekaputeni rikuwane wakagadzirira.