Pamene mukukonzekera Chida chanu, pamabwera nthawi yomwe thambo limasowa. Kutsogolo kumazirala, dziko limasanduka imvi, ndipo chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimakutetezani ndi zida zisanu ndi chimodzi zazing'ono zomwe zili patsogolo panu. Ndiko kuwuluka kwa IFR - ndipo kumafuna kulondola, kulanga, komanso kudalira luso lanu.
Monga woyendetsa ndege pakuphunzitsidwa, Chida chanu sikungodutsa a fufuzani. Ndi za luso loyendetsa pang'ono zomwe zingakutetezeni nyengo ikayandikira. Kusiyana pakati pa kupatsidwa satifiketi ndikukhala woyendetsa ndege wodalirika wa IFR kuli pa momwe mungawulukire bwino maulendo asanu ndi awiri ofunikirawa.
Mu bukhuli, tidutsa njira zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe muyenera kuzikhomera pazida zanu, zokhala ndi maupangiri adziko lenileni, misampha yodziwika bwino, ndi njira zotsimikiziridwa - zonse kuchokera pamalingaliro a munthu yemwe adakwera ndege ndikuwaphunzitsa muzochitika zenizeni za IFR.
Maziko: Zomwe Zida Zopangira Zida Zimakhudza
Chiwerengero cha zida ku USA ndi certification ya FAA yapamwamba zomwe zimathandiza woyendetsa ndege kuwuluka pansi Malamulo Oyendetsa Ndege (IFR), kudalira zida za m'malo oyendera alendo poyenda ndi kuwongolera osati zowonera zakunja. Ndilo mlatho pakati pa zoyambira zowoneka bwino zowuluka ndi akatswiri, magwiridwe antchito anyengo yonse.
pansi Chithunzi cha FAA61 ndi Part 141 zopangira maphunziro, zofunika zazikulu zimakhalabe zofanana, koma njirayo imasiyana.
- Part 61 imapereka kusinthasintha kochulukira pakukonza ndi kusuntha, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa oyendetsa ndege ogwira ntchito kapena omwe akuphunzira ganyu.
- Part 141 ndi silabasi yokonzedwa bwino, yovomerezedwa ndi FAA yomwe ingachepetse maola onse othawira ndege ofunikira - nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa ndi oyendetsa ndege omwe amayang'ana kwambiri ntchito yawo omwe amalembetsa m'masukulu oyendetsa ndege.
Kukhala ndi Chiyerekezo cha Chida kumasintha kwambiri mwayi woyendetsa ndege ndi malire achitetezo. Mutha kuwuluka mwalamulo mumitambo, kuchepa kwa mawonekedwe, komanso nyengo yoyipa, bola ngati ndegeyo ili ndi zida ndipo mutatsatira njira za IFR. Izi zimakulitsa kwambiri envulopu yanu yaulendo wandege, zimachepetsa kuyimitsa kwanyengo chifukwa cha nyengo, komanso kumawonjezera chidaliro pakagwa zovuta.
Kuchokera pakuwona kothandiza, Chida cha Chida ndipamene luso lanu la ndodo ndi chiwongolero limakumana ndi mayendedwe apamwamba, kuwongolera machitidwe, ndi kasamalidwe kantchito. Kuwongolera komwe mungaphunzire - monga kugwirizira, njira zolondola, komanso kuchira kwachilendo - sikungodutsa pofufuza. Ndi zida zopulumutsira moyo zomwe mungadalire muzochitika zenizeni za IFR, kuyambira pakuthawa mvula yamkuntho mpaka kuthyola denga lotsika polowera.
Potsetsereka Pansi pa Hood
Kutembenuka kotsetsereka ndi amodzi mwa njira zomwe zimawululira kwambiri pakuphunzitsidwa kwa Instrument Rating chifukwa zimayesa luso lanu lotha kuwongolera bwino popanda zowonera zakunja. Pansi pa hood, mudzakhala mukuwuluka potengera zida zanu, kutanthauza kuti muyenera kudalira zomwe mukuwona pamalingaliro, altimeter, ndi chizindikiro chamutu - osayang'ana kunja kuti muwone.
Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kusunga ngodya ya banki, kutalika, ndi kulowera mkati mwa kulolerana kolimba. Ngakhale kupatuka kwamadigiri awiri ku banki kumatha kupangitsa kuti kutalika kwanu kuyende bwino, ndipo kubweza ndalama mopitilira muyeso kungayambitse kutsika mwachangu. Oyendetsa ndege ambiri atsopano ku IFR amapeza kuti kusowa kwa zowonera kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuthamangitsa zidazo m'malo mowuluka mokhazikika komanso mosalala.
Kuchokera kumalingaliro a mlangizi, zolakwika zomwe ndimawona ndizo:
- Kukwera kwamtunda chifukwa cha kusintha kosayenera kwa mamvekedwe panthawi yokhotakhota.
- Kuwongolera goli, zomwe zimatsogolera ku kutembenuka "kugwedezeka".
- Kukanika kugwiritsa ntchito chiwongolero cholumikizidwa ndi zolowetsa za aileron, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpira womwe uli panjirayo usagwedezeke.
Chinsinsi cha kudziŵa kachitidwe kameneka ndicho kuphunzira kuwongolera zing’onozing’ono, zofulumira m’malo mwa zazikulu, zofulumira. Khazikitsani mbali ya banki yanu bwino, chepetsani kukhazikika kwa manja, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito sikani yanthawi zonse pakati pa chizindikiro, altimeter, ndi chizindikiro chamutu.
M'dziko lenileni la IFR, lusoli limakhala lofunika kwambiri muzochitika ngati IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions) kugwiritsira ntchito njira kapena pamene mukutembenuza molimba panthawi ya vectoring njira. Kusamalira ndege yokhazikika pamalo otsetsereka popanda kupatuka pamtunda kumatanthawuza kuti chida chotetezeka komanso chowongolera bwino chomwe chikuwuluka mumlengalenga movutikira kapena chifukwa chanyengo.
Kukwera ndi Kutsika Kokhazikika kwa Airspeed
Kukwera ndi kutsika kosalekeza kwa ndege ndi luso lofunikira kwambiri pamaphunziro a Instrument Rating chifukwa amaphunzitsa kuwongolera bwino mamvekedwe ndi mphamvu uku akuwuluka potengera zida. M'malo a IFR, nthawi zambiri mumafunsidwa ndi ATC kuti "kukwera ndi kusunga" kapena "kutsika ndikusunga" pamalo enaake. Kuchita zimenezi molondola popanda zizindikiro ndi chizindikiro cha luso loyendetsa ndege.
Njirayi imayamba ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe oyenera amtundu wa ndege yanu ndikuwongolera nthawi imodzi mphamvu kukwaniritsa ndi kusunga chandamale airspeed.
Mwachitsanzo, mu Cessna 172, kukwera kungafunike mphamvu zonse ndi phula la madigiri 7-8 pamphuno pa chizindikiro, pamene kutsika kungafunike kuchepetsa mphamvu zozungulira 1500-1700 RPM ndi kutsika pang'ono mphuno. Manambala enieni amasiyana malinga ndi kulemera kwa ndege, makonzedwe ake, ndi nyengo.
Cholakwika chimodzi chomwe ndimawona nthawi zambiri ndi oyendetsa ndege akuthamangitsa chizindikiro cha airspeed m'malo mokhazikika komanso kulola kuti ma airspeed akhazikike mwachilengedwe. Izi zimabweretsa mphamvu zokhazikika komanso kusintha kwamawu komwe kumapangitsa kuti kukwera kapena kutsika kusakhale kosalala komanso kutopa kwambiri. Cholakwika china chofala ndikunyalanyaza kudula, komwe kumabweretsa kuchulukira kosafunikira poyesa kusunga cholingacho kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro adziko lenileni la IFR, lusoli ndilofunika kwambiri pazochitika zingapo:
- Yandikirani mbiri pomwe kusunga kutsika kofanana ndikofunikira kuti mutsike mokhazikika.
- Khwerero kukwera mumlengalenga wotanganidwa kuti muchotse magalimoto kapena mtunda.
- Kugwirizira zosintha zakutali mukamayang'aniridwa ndi ATC.
Chinsinsi chodziwa kuyendetsa bwino uku ndikuwulutsa malingaliro ndi mphamvu, kutsimikizira magwiridwe antchito pazida, ndikupanga kuwongolera koyambirira. Izi sizimangopangitsa kuti kuyang'ana kwanu kukhale kosavuta komanso kumapangitsa kuti muzitha kugwira bwino ntchito za IFR.
Kuchira Kwachilendo (Mphuno-Pamwamba & Mphuno-Yotsika)
Kuchira kwachilendo ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakuphunzitsidwa kwa Instrument Rating chifukwa zimakukonzekeretsani kuti muthe kupezanso njira zoyendetsera ndege zotetezeka pamene kusokonekera kwa malo kapena zododometsa zimapangitsa kuti musamayende bwino. Muzochitika zenizeni za IFR, mutha kukhala ndi malingaliro osazolowereka chifukwa cha chipwirikiti, kulephera kwa zida, kapena kutanthauzira molakwika kwa zida zanu zowulukira.
Kwa mphuno-mkulu kuchira, cholinga chanu ndikuletsa malo ogulitsira pomwe mukuchepetsa kutsika kwamtunda. Njira yolondola ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zonse, kuchepetsa kutsika kuti muteteze khola, ndikusintha banki kuti muwongolere mapiko musanakhazikitsenso mtunda ndi mutu womwe mukufuna. Oyendetsa ndege ambiri amalephera pano chifukwa mwachibadwa amabwerera mmbuyo molimba pa goli ataona mphuno ikukwera - kuonjezera chiopsezo cha khola.
Kuti muchepetse kutsika kwa mphuno, kuyang'ana kumasunthika ndikuletsa kuthamanga kwambiri komanso kutsika kwakukulu. Choyamba, kuchepetsa mphamvu, kulinganiza mapiko, ndiyeno mofatsa kwezani mphuno m'chizimezime. Kuwongolera mopitirira muyeso pamphuno kungayambitse kupanikizika kwa airframe kapena kulimbikitsa masitepe achiwiri.
Kuchokera pa zomwe ndakumana nazo ku IFR, vuto mu IMC yeniyeni sikungoyendetsa - ndikudalira zida zanu pamene mphamvu za thupi lanu zikunama. Khutu lanu lamkati likhoza kukuuzani kuti muli mu banki yofatsa pamene mukutsika kwambiri. Apa ndipamene chilango champhamvu chojambulira chida chimalipira.
Chitsanzo chenicheni: Nthawi ina ndinali ndi wophunzira pa IFR kudutsa dziko usiku yemwe, pambuyo pa kuyimba kwa wailesi yosokoneza, pang'onopang'ono adalowa mu 25 ° akutsika banki osazindikira. Wogwirizanitsa ndi ma altimeter adapeza cholakwikacho, koma chifukwa adayeserera kuchira kangapo, adawongolera bwino popanda kukakamiza kwambiri ndege.
Chofunikira chachikulu - kuchira kwachilendo ndikuphunzitsa kukumbukira kwa minofu kuti yankho lanu likhale lodziwikiratu, lodekha, komanso lolondola. M'macheke, ndi njira yoyenera kupita. M'dziko lenileni, ndizotheka kupulumutsa moyo.
Kutembenuka kwa Standard Rate & Kusintha Kwanthawi
Kutembenuka kokhazikika ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomangira zida zowulukira chifukwa zimakuphunzitsani kuyenda bwino mu IMC osadalira zowonera zakunja. Ku USA, milingo ya Instrument Rating imatanthawuza kutembenuka kwanthawi zonse ngati 3 ° pa sekondi iliyonse, kutanthauza kutembenuka kwa 360 ° kumatenga mphindi ziwiri ndendende. Mlingo wodziwikiratu uwu ndi wofunikira pakutembenuka kwa njira, kugwirizira, ndi kusintha kwa maphunziro pansi pa malangizo a ATC.
Mukatembenuza mulingo wokhazikika, zida zanu zoyambira ndi cholumikizira (kapena chowongolera ndi kutsika) ndi chizindikiro chamutu. Chinsinsi ndikukhazikitsa ngodya yolondola ya banki nthawi yomweyo ndikuyisunga osathamangitsa singano - kuwongolera mopitilira apa ndi cholakwika chapamwamba cha ophunzira chomwe chimatsogolera kumutu.
Kusintha kwanthawi kumayamba pamene ma gyros anu akulephera kapena mukuyerekeza magwiridwe antchito apagawo. Popanda chizindikiro chamutu chomwe chikugwira ntchito, mugwiritsa ntchito wogwirizanitsa ndi wotchi kuti mukwaniritse kusintha komwe mukufuna. Mwachitsanzo, ngati ATC ilangiza kutembenuka kwa 90°, mumasunga mulingo wokhazikika kwa masekondi 30 musanagunde. Njirayi imafuna kusanthula kwachidacho molondola komanso masamu amalingaliro pansi pa ntchito - maluso omwe amamasulira mwachindunji ku IFR yadzidzidzi.
Kuchokera pamalingaliro a mlangizi, cholakwika chofala kwambiri chomwe ophunzira amapanga ndi "kumenya" kutembenuka m'malo mocheka bwino. Kuchepetsa koyipa kumabweretsa kuwongolera kosalekeza komanso kutembenuka kosakhazikika. Kulakwitsa kwina ndikunyalanyaza kutalika, kulola kuti isunthike ndikuyang'ana kwambiri pamlingo wotembenuka.
Zochitika zenizeni zapadziko lonse lapansi: Ndikuwuluka mu IMC yolimba ndikulowera ku Orlando, ATC idandipatsa kusintha kwa vector posachedwa. Ndi sikani yolimba ya chida, ndidatembenuza nthawi ya 45 ° kuti ndiyang'anire cholozera bwino popanda kuthamangitsa singano. M'macheke, oyesa nthawi zambiri amaponya mozungulira nthawi yake pansi pa gulu locheperako kuti awone ngati mungathe kugwira ntchitoyo modekha popanda kuthamanga.
Zotengera - mtengo wamba ndi kutembenuka kwanthawi yake sikungokhala "macheke a bokosi lophunzitsira." Ndi luso la IFR lopulumutsa moyo kuti musanthule bwino zinthu zikapanda kutero.
Mitundu Yogwirizira Precision
Kugwira mapatani ndi luso lofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze Chida chanu. Amayesa kuthekera kwanu kosunga nthawi, kuwongolera nthawi, ndi kulondola kwamayendedwe mukakhala mkati mwamlengalenga wotetezedwa. M'dziko lenileni la IFR ndege, zogwira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potsata ndondomeko, kuchedwa kwa nyengo, ndi zolemba za ndondomeko - kuzipangitsa kukhala njira yofunikira kuti adziwe bwino.
Kuti muwuluke bwino chogwirizira, muyenera kulowamo molunjika (molunjika, kugwetsa misozi, kapena kufananiza), kukhala okwera mkati mwa ± 100 mapazi, ndikusunga njira yanu yolowera. Kulondola kumabwera chifukwa chomvetsetsa ma angles owongolera mphepo ndikupanga zolowera zazing'ono, zosalala.
Ophunzira ambiri oyendetsa ndege amavutika ndi kubwereketsa ndalama mopitirira muyeso kapena kuthamangitsidwa m'malo osungira. Chinsinsi chowakhomerera kwa inu Mavoti a Zipangizo ikuchita m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yamphepo ndikuyang'ana kwambiri kuzindikira zanyengo. Ganizirani zamtsogolo kunjira yanu yotsatira, ndipo nthawi zonse muziyembekezera momwe mphepo ingakhudzire nthawi ya mwendo wanu.
Kachitidwe kogwira bwino sikungokhudza liwiro - ndi kamvekedwe, kukhazikika, komanso kusasinthasintha. Mukatha kuwuluka popanda kuthamangitsa singano kapena kumenyana ndi wotchi, mukupanga chilango cha IFR chomwe oyesa amakonda kuwona ndipo chidzakutetezani m'dongosolo.
Njira Yolondola - ILS
The Njira Yoyikira Zida (ILS) ndiyo njira yolondola kwambiri yopezeka kwa oyendetsa ndege a IFR ku USA ndipo ndi mwala wapangodya wa cheke la Chida. Amapereka chitsogozo cham'mbali (localizer) ndi ofukula (glideslope), kulola kuti kutsika kukhale kochepa kwambiri - nthawi zambiri kutsika mpaka 200 mapazi AGL. Kudziwa bwino kwa ILS ndikofunikira chifukwa ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndege, ogwira ntchito m'mabungwe, komanso ntchito zama charter pa nyengo yoipa.
Mukawulutsa ILS, cholinga chanu chachikulu ndikukhazikitsa malo ochezerako mwachangu momwe mungathere ndikuwongolera glideslope kuchokera pansi. Izi zimatsimikizira njira yokhazikika, kuchepetsa kufunika kokonzekera mwaukali. Ndimaphunzitsa ophunzira anga mawu akuti: "Kuwongolera pang'ono msanga kumalepheretsa kuwongolera mochedwa." Mukakhala pamtengo, sikani yanu iyenera kulangizidwa - kugawanika pakati pa localizer, glideslope, chizindikiro chamalingaliro, ndi liwiro la ndege. Kunyalanyaza chilichonse mwa izi kungasokoneze njirayo mwachangu.
Zolakwa zambiri zimaphatikizapo kuwongolera mopitilira muyeso pakupatuka kwa localizer, kukwera singano ya glideslope m'malo mosintha mamvekedwe osalala, komanso kulephera kusintha mphamvu mwachangu. ILS imapereka mphotho kuyembekezera - mwachitsanzo, ngati muwona zomwe zikuchitika pakupatuka kwa glideslope, ikani kusintha kwakung'ono, kwanthawi yake m'malo modikirira kuti singano isunthe kwambiri.
Chitsanzo chenicheni: Usiku wa ILS kupita ku Atlanta m'malo owoloka mphepo, njira yanga idakhazikika chifukwa ndidapanga masinthidwe ang'onoang'ono, m'malo modikirira kuti zolakwika zichitike. Kulondola kwamtunduwu sikungodutsa macheke komanso kumakusungani otetezeka pamachitidwe enieni a IFR.
Poyang'ana, yembekezerani woyesayo kuti awononge zododometsa - mwinamwake kuyimba kwa wailesi kapena kulephera kwa chida chaching'ono - kuti awone ngati mungathe kusunga singano popanda kutaya chidwi. Yesetsani kukhala m'malo osawoneka bwino kuti musamawoneke bwino kuti mukhale olimba mtima nyengo ikafika pochepera.
ILS si njira inanso yosinthira silabasi yophunzitsira - ndi mulingo wagolide wowuluka molunjika komanso luso lomwe lingakuthandizeni pantchito yanu yonse.
Njira Yopanda Kulondola - VOR kapena RNAV (LNAV)
Ngakhale kuti ILS ingakhale muyeso wagolide, woyendetsa ndege wa IFR wodziwadi ayenera kudziwa njira zosalondola monga njira za VOR kapena RNAV (LNAV). Mosiyana ndi ILS, njirazi sizimapereka chiwongolero choyimirira, kutanthauza kuti muyenera kuyang'anira mbiri yotsika pamanja potsatira malangizo amtsogolo. Lusoli ndi lofunikira chifukwa ma eyapoti ang'onoang'ono ambiri - komanso ena akuluakulu omwe ali pamayendedwe owonongeka - amadalira njira zosalondola ngati njira yokhayo yomwe ilipo.
Ku USA, njira ya VOR imafuna kutsata chizindikiro cha VHF Omni-Directional Range chochokera pansi, pomwe njira ya RNAV (LNAV) imagwiritsa ntchito ma GPS waypoints polowera kutsogolo. Muzochitika zonsezi, popanda glideslope, muyenera kutsika potsika kapena kutsatira mlingo wowerengeka wotsikira ku Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA), ndikugwira kutalika kumeneko mpaka malo okwera ndege akuwonekera. Izi zimafuna kusanthula kwakukulu, kuzindikira kolimba kwa zochitika, komanso kuwongolera koyenera.
Vuto lomwe ophunzira amalakwitsa pafupipafupi ndi "kudumphira panjira" molawirira kwambiri, kutsika pansi pa MDA msewu wonyamukira ndege usanawonekere. Uku ndikulephera kutsata nthawi yomweyo komanso chiopsezo chachikulu chachitetezo mu IFR yeniyeni. Vuto linanso lodziwika bwino ndikuchoka pakuwongolera kotsatira pomwe mukuyang'ana kwambiri pamtunda. Chofunikira ndikuwunika mosasunthika, monga momwe mumayendera, koma ndikuwongolera m'maganizo chifukwa palibe singano yowongoka yotsatira.
Kuchokera ku zomwe ndakumana nazo ku IFR, ndikukumbukira ndikuwulukira kumunda wopanda nsanja m'malo ocheperako pomwe ILS inali itasiya kugwira ntchito. RNAV (LNAV) inali njira yokhayo yomwe inalipo. Kukonzekera mosamalitsa potsikira pansi, komanso kuyika nthawi gawo lililonse ndendende, zidatipangitsa kuti tiziwonana pang'ono - ndikugogomezera kufunika kophunzitsa zochitika izi.
Pakuwunika kwa Instrument Rating, yembekezerani kuti woyesayo akuyeseni panjira imodzi yosalondola, mwina ndi mawonekedwe apagulu, kuti atsimikizire kuti mutha kuyendetsa bwino popanda zida zonse. Kuphunzitsa panjira izi kumakupangitsani kukhala osinthika, otetezeka, komanso okonzeka kuchita chilichonse choperekedwa ndi ATC.
Momwe Mungayesere ndi Kupambana pa Mayeso a Zida
Kupeza Chida chanu sikungotsala pang'ono kudula mitengo - ndikulimbikitsa kulondola, kusasinthika, komanso chidaliro pansi pachitetezo. Kuwongolera kumakukakamizani kuti muwonetse njira iliyonse mosalakwitsa, kotero njira yanu yophunzitsira iyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri, osati kungomaliza.
1. Konzani Maphunziro Anu Paulendo Wanu Moyenera
Gwirani ndege zanu zophunzitsira kukhala magawo olunjika omwe amalunjika kumayendedwe enaake monga kutembenuka kotsetsereka, kunyamula matani, ndi njira zolondola / zosalondola. M'malo moyesera kuphimba chilichonse mu ndege imodzi, perekani phunziro lonse kuti mukwaniritse luso limodzi kapena awiri. Mchitidwe wokhazikikawu umawonetsetsa kuti njira iliyonse yoyezera zida imapukutidwa isanapitirire.
2. Gwiritsani Ntchito Ma Simulators Kuti Mupindule
Makina oyeserera ovomerezeka ndi FAA atha kukhala osintha masewera pokonzekera ma Instrument Rating. Amakulolani kuti muyesere njira zingapo pakanthawi kochepa, kuyimitsani kuti mufufuze zolakwika, ndikuyerekeza zochitika zadzidzidzi zomwe zingakhale zosatetezeka pakuuluka kwenikweni. Gwiritsani ntchito makina oyeserera kuti muwongolere njira yojambulira, kusunga zolemba, ndi luso lapadera musanawatengere mlengalenga.
3. Yendetsani Muzochitika Zowona za IFR
Ngati n'kotheka, phunzitsani IMC yeniyeni ndi mphunzitsi wanu. Izi zimapanga chitonthozo mumtambo, chipwirikiti, ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa mawonekedwe - mikhalidwe yomwe mungakumane nayo mutalandira Chida chanu. Ngati nyengo siikugwirizana, gwiritsani ntchito foggles poyerekezera ndi zida, koma kumbukirani: palibe chomwe chingalowe m'malo mwa IFR yeniyeni.
4. Dziwani Miyezo ya ACS
The FAA's Airman Certification Standards (ACS) fotokozani ndendende mmene mudzayesedwe. Aphunzireni bwino lomwe kuti mudziwe momwe mungalekerere kukwera, mutu, liwiro la ndege, ndi mayendedwe pamayendedwe aliwonse a Chida. Zolephera zambiri zimachitika chifukwa ophunzira samamvetsetsa zomwe woyesa amayembekezera.
5. Khazikitsani Mndandanda wa M'maganizo
Mayendedwe amalingaliro monga "mawu, mphamvu, kuchepetsa" kapena "mawonekedwe, mutu, kutalika" zimakupangitsani inu patsogolo pa ndege. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, pangani chizoloŵezi chamaganizo chomwe chimaphatikizapo mtundu wolowera, nthawi yotuluka, ndi kulowera mkati - ndikudutsamo nthawi iliyonse kuti musagwedezeke ndi kukakamizidwa.
6. Kodi Mock Checkrides ndi CFI wanu
Konzani zosachepera chimodzi monyoza ndi mphunzitsi wanu. Tsanzirani zaulendo wonse waulendo wonyamuka ulendo wonyamuka kupita kukayimitsa, kuphatikiza mafoni a ATC, chilolezo cha IFR, ndi njira iliyonse. Izi zidzavumbulutsa madera ofooka chisanafike mayeso enieni ndikuwonjezera chidaliro chanu.
7. Khalani Patsogolo pa Ndege
Luso lofunika kwambiri loyang'anira ndikukhala patsogolo pazochitika. Izi zikutanthauza kufotokozera mwachidule njirayo, kukhazikitsa mawailesi pasadakhale, ndikuyembekezera kukwera kapena kusintha kwamutu ATC isanawatulutse. Ngati mukuchita mochedwa, mwatsala kale.
Woyendetsa ndege wokonzekera bwino yemwe wadziwa bwino njira iliyonse ya Instrument Rating, amamvetsetsa miyezo ya ACS, ndipo akhoza kukhala patsogolo pa ndegeyo adzalowa mu cheke ndi chidaliro - ndikutuluka ndi mwayi wawo watsopano.
Kutsiliza
Kupeza Chida chanu ndi imodzi mwamasitepe ofunika kwambiri omwe mungatenge paulendo wanu wandege. Sikuti kungodutsa poyang'ana - ndi kukulitsa luso lolondola, kuzindikira za zochitika, ndi luso lopanga zisankho lofunikira kuti mugwire ntchito motetezeka mu National Airspace System pansi pa IFR. Woyendetsa ndege yemwe ali ndi Instrument Rating ali ndi mwayi wopeza mipata yambiri yowuluka, kusinthasintha kwadongosolo, komanso kulimba mtima kuthana ndi zinthu zomwe sizikuwoneka bwino mwaukadaulo.
Kudziwa kayendetsedwe ka Chida chilichonse - kuchokera panjira yokhotakhota pansi pa chivundikiro kupita kumalo otsetsereka a ILS - kumatengera maphunziro okhazikika, chidziwitso chenicheni cha IFR, ndi chitsogozo kuchokera kwa alangizi omwe amadziwa bwino momwe angakonzekerere miyezo ya FAA ndi kupitilira apo. Apa ndipamene sukulu yoyendetsa ndege yoyenera ingapangitse kusiyana konse.
At Florida Flyers Flight Academy, mudzaphunzitsidwa ndi akatswiri alangizi a FAA-certified omwe amapanga malangizo a Instrument Rating. Mudzakhala ndi mwayi wopeza zombo zamakono, zosamalidwa bwino zokonzekera maphunziro apamwamba a IFR, ndipo mudzapindula ndi silabasi yotsimikiziridwa yomwe imalandira zotsatira. Kupambana kwathu kopambana koyamba ndi chithunzithunzi cha kuphunzitsa mwachidwi, mapulani awo ophunzirira, komanso kudzipereka pakuchita bwino komwe ophunzira athu amakumana nako tsiku lililonse.
Ngati mwakonzeka kupeza Instrument Rating yanu ndikutenga luso lanu loyendetsa ndege kupita pamlingo wina, palibe malo abwino oyambira kuposa Florida Flyers Flight Academy. Lumikizanani nafe lero kuti mukonzekere phunziro lanu loyamba ndikuyandikira sitepe imodzi kuti muwuluke molimba mtima nyengo iliyonse.
Lumikizanani ndi Gulu la Florida Flyers Flight Academy lero ku (904) 209-3510 kuti mudziwe zambiri za momwe mungasamutsire masukulu oyendetsa ndege.
