Sinthani Makhodi a AKTR: Kufotokozera kwa FAA ACS kwa Ofunsira ku US Checkride

Miyezo ya Chitsimikizo cha Airman (ACS) ndi chikalata choyesera cha FAA chomwe chimagwirizanitsa chidziwitso cha ndege, kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, ndi luso louluka kukhala muyezo umodzi wokhazikika. Ngati mukukonzekera ulendo woyendera, tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri ndi ili: Woyesa Woyendetsa Ndege Wanu Wosankhidwa amakupatsani chizindikiro pa chilichonse chomwe chalembedwa, osati kungogwira ntchito kwanu molunjika. Yambani potsegula ACS PDF ndi Companion Guide ya satifiketi yanu musanakwere phunziro lina.

TL; DR:

• Miyezo ya Chitsimikizo cha Airman imagwirizanitsa chidziwitso, kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, ndi luso louluka kukhala muyezo umodzi, wolamulira womwe owunika amawunika panthawi yoyendera.
• ACS ikugogomezera kufotokozera kupanga zisankho ndi zoopsa panthawi yoyenda pandege, osati kungowonetsa njira zoyendetsera ndege, zomwe zimasintha momwe ofunsira amaphunzirira ndikuchita.
• Khodi iliyonse ya ACS imafotokoza ntchito ndi zinthu zinazake, zomwe zimafuna kuti ofunsira alumikizane ndi chidziwitso ndi kasamalidwe ka zoopsa ndi ndege yeniyeni panthawi yokonzekera.
• Kulephera nthawi zambiri kumabwera chifukwa chonyalanyaza mfundo zomwe mayeso a pakamwa amawonetsa, makamaka kufotokozera za kayendetsedwe ka zoopsa, ngakhale kuti kuyendetsa ndege sikuli kolakwika.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito ma code a ACS kuti muphunzire, kubwerezabwereza kufotokozera mawu, komanso kuchita ntchito zonse ndi chidziwitso chophatikizidwa kumawonjezera mwayi wopambana.

M'ndandanda wazopezekamo

• Kodi FAA ACS ndi chiyani, ndipo nchifukwa chiyani bungweli linapanga?
• Kodi ACS Imasiyana Bwanji ndi PTS Yakale?
• Kodi mumawerenga bwanji ACS Code ngati PA.III.B.K4?
• Kodi DPE Imagwiritsa Ntchito Bwanji ACS Panthawi Yoyang'anira?
• Kodi Muyenera Kuphunzira Bwanji Pogwiritsa Ntchito ACS?
• Kodi n’chiyani chimakulepheretsani kusankha anthu odziwa bwino ntchito yofufuza?
• Chifukwa Chake Flightschoolusa Imamanga Maphunziro Ozungulira ACS Kuyambira Tsiku Loyamba
• Kumene Mungapeze Zikalata Zovomerezeka za ACS
• Chifukwa Chake Kukonzekera Mphoto za ACS Kuposa Kukumbukira
• magwero

Kodi FAA ACS ndi chiyani, ndipo nchifukwa chiyani bungweli linapanga?

FAA idapanga Miyezo Yotsimikizira Ma Airman kuti itseke mpata womwe udakhumudwitsa aphunzitsi ndi oyesa kwa zaka zambiri: oyendetsa ndege amatha kupambana mayeso olembedwa koma akadali kuwonekera pa checkride osatha kufotokoza chifukwa chomwe adasankhira zisankho zawo. Komiti yopanga malamulo ya FAA idayamba kupanga dongosololi kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2010, ndipo bungweli lakhala likupereka satifiketi ndi satifiketi kuyambira pamenepo. Buku Lothandizira la FAA la ACS limafotokoza momveka bwino cholinga chake: kulumikiza chidziwitso, kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, ndi luso kukhala muyezo umodzi kotero kuti ofunsira ntchito sangasiyanitse zomwe akuphunzira ndi zomwe akupita.

Kugwirizana kumeneko n'kofunika chifukwa ngozi za ndege sizimabwereranso ku njira imodzi yomwe inalephera. Zimabwerera ku zisankho, zomwe zinapangidwa isanayambe, panthawi, komanso pambuyo pa njira yoyendetsera, zimapita m'mbali. Woyendetsa ndege amene amatha kukhala pamalo okwera koma sangathe kufotokoza nthawi yoti asinthe njira si wotetezeka kwenikweni, ndipo ACS idapangidwa kuti igwire mpata umenewo panthawi yoyesa osati pambuyo pa lipoti la ngozi.

Ubwino wothandiza umawonekera m'njira zingapo zenizeni:

• Chikalata chimodzi, muyezo umodzi. M'malo mophunzira banki yoyesera chidziwitso ndi muyezo wosiyana wa mayeso oyeserera, ofunsira ntchito tsopano amagwira ntchito kuchokera ku gwero limodzi lomwe limalumikiza zonse ziwiri.
• Kugwirizana bwino pakati pa mayeso olembedwa ndi mayeso othandiza. Mafunso omwe ali pa mapu a mayeso a chidziwitso adzayankhidwa mwachindunji kuti mugwire ntchito yomwe mudzafunsidwa kuti muchite ndikufotokozera mu ndege.
• Ma feedback okhwima. Popeza ntchito iliyonse imalemba chidziwitso china chake ndi zinthu zoopsa, oyesa amatha kutchula zomwe simunachite m'malo mopereka chidziwitso chosamveka bwino cha "ndemanga ya nyengo".

Msana wa malamulo kumbuyo kwa zonsezi unakhazikika pakati pa 2018 ndi 2024. Lamulo lomaliza la Federal Register adaphatikiza mwalamulo ACS ndi Mayeso Oyesera Ogwira Ntchito otsalawo powatchula mu magawo 14 a CFR 61, 63, ndi 65. Kuphatikizidwa powatchula kumatanthauza kuti FAA sikufunika kufalitsanso muyezo wonse m'malemba a malamulo okha. Zimangosonyeza chikalata cha ACS ngati chovomerezeka mwalamulo. Kwa inu monga wopempha, si mawu apansi panthaka a boma. Zimatanthauza kukwaniritsa ACS si malangizo osankha, ndi malire a malamulo omwe muyenera kutsatira kuti mukhale ndi satifiketi kapena mlingo.

Kodi ACS Imasiyana Bwanji ndi PTS Yakale?

Miyezo Yoyesera Yothandiza, yomwe ACS yakhala ikulowetsa satifiketi ndi satifiketi, imayang'ana kwambiri luso louluka. Ngati mungathe kuuluka molunjika kwambiri ndikubwereza yankho lokumbukiridwa panthawi yolankhula, nthawi zambiri mumakhala mutapambana. ACS imasunga zonse zomwe zimaloleza kuuluka, koma imakhudza mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zomwe PTS sinazikhazikitse: Chidziwitso (K) ndi Kuyang'anira Zoopsa ®.

Kusintha kumeneko kumasintha momwe muyenera kuphunzira, osati momwe muyenera kuuluka.

• Chomwe sichinasinthe: kulekerera kwa mtunda, mawindo othamanga mpweya, kulekerera kwa mtunda, ndi miyezo yoyendetsera zinthu yomwe mukuphunzira kale.
• Chimene chinasintha: Ntchito iliyonse tsopano ikulemba mitu yeniyeni ya chidziwitso yomwe muyenera kukambirana ndi zinthu zina zoopsa zomwe muyenera kuzizindikira ndikuzichepetsa nthawi yeniyeni.
• Kumene zizolowezi za PTS zimathandizabe: luso logwiritsa ntchito ndodo ndi chiwongolero, kudziletsa pa mndandanda wa zinthu, komanso kusamutsa mwachindunji njira zoyendetsera zinthu.
• Kumene zizolowezi za PTS zimakupwetekani: Ngati mwakumbukira mayankho a pakamwa popanda kuwalumikiza ndi njira yomwe mukufuna kuuluka, mawonekedwe a ACS adzawonetsa kusiyana kumeneko nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa oyesa amaphunzitsidwa kuyesa zinthu za K ndi R. pa ndege, osati isanafike nthawi yoti ichitike.

Ovomereza Tip: Musaphunzire za chidziwitso ndi kuuluka pandege padera. Mukachita masewera olimbitsa thupi, tchulani mokweza zinthu zomwe zingakubweretsereni chiopsezo (chinthu chonyamula katundu, malire a malo oimika magalimoto, kusanthula magalimoto) pamene mukuuluka. Umu ndi momwe ACS imayembekezera kuti muwonetse ntchitoyo.

Kodi mumawerenga bwanji ACS Code ngati PA.III.B.K4?

Chikalata chilichonse cha ACS chimagawa satifiketi mu Madera Ogwirira Ntchito (magawo akuluakulu monga kukonzekera ndege isananyamuke kapena kutsika ndi kutera), zomwe zimagawika m'magulu awiriawiri ntchito (monga kutembenuka mozama kapena kuuluka pang'onopang'ono). Ntchito iliyonse imalemba mitundu itatu ya zinthu: Chidziwitso (K), Kuyang'anira Zoopsa ®, ndi Luso (S). Private Pilot ACS ndiye chitsanzo chomveka bwino choti tiphunzire, chifukwa imalongosola bwino dongosololi mokwanira pa gawo lililonse la kuuluka.

Umu ndi momwe mungasinthire khodi yomwe mudzawona pa lipoti lanu la mayeso a chidziwitso kapena zolemba za oyesa, pogwiritsa ntchito PA.III.B.K4 ngati chitsanzo:

1. PA chizindikiritsa satifiketi. Ndege Yoyendetsa Yachinsinsi.
2. III imazindikira Malo Ogwirira Ntchito. Pankhaniyi, Kunyamuka, Kutera, ndi Kuzungulira.
3. B imazindikira Ntchito yeniyeni m'dera limenelo, monga kukwera ndi kukwera phiri nthawi zonse.
4. K4 imazindikira chinthu chenicheni, pamenepa mfundo yeniyeni yodziwira yogwirizana ndi ntchitoyo.

Bungwe la FAA Zipangizo zofotokozera za ACS Yendani mu ndondomeko yeniyeniyi, ndipo ndi bwino kusanthula ma code angapo nokha mpaka pateniyo itakanikira. Mukatha kuwerenga code mofatsa, AKTR imasiya kuwoneka ngati supu ya zilembo ndikuyamba kuwoneka ngati mndandanda wazinthu.

Aphunzitsi amodzi ophunzitsa anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la kusweka ayenera kudziwitsa ophunzira: Ma code a ACS amasungidwa m'mafayilo osiyanasiyana, chifukwa FAA imasinthira miyezo imeneyi nthawi ndi nthawi. Lipoti la Mayeso a Chidziwitso cha Airman silitha ntchito nthawi yomwe mtundu watsopano wa ACS umasindikizidwa, kotero mutha kukhala ndi lipoti lonena za code kuchokera ku revision yakale. Companion Guide ndi tsamba la mndandanda wa ACS la FAA zimakuthandizani kuyika code yosungidwa ku yofanana nayo, kotero musachite mantha ngati code yomwe ili mu lipoti lanu sikugwirizana ndi PDF yomwe mwangotsitsa kumene, choyamba yang'anani mbiri yosinthidwa.

Kufufuza mwachangu: tsegulani ACS PDF ya satifiketi yanu, gwiritsani ntchito ntchito yanu yowerenga PDF kuti mufufuze prefix ya code (monga “PA.III.B”), kenako werengani Task block yonse, osati chinthu chokhacho, kuti mumvetse bwino nkhani yomwe woyesa adzayesere.

Kodi DPE Imagwiritsa Ntchito Bwanji ACS Panthawi Yoyang'anira?

Woyesa Woyendetsa Wosankhidwa sakukupatsani chizindikiro pa ma vibes kapena malingaliro onse. ACS imagwira ntchito ngati rubric yeniyeni, ndipo Zipangizo zowongolera za DPE Fotokozani momveka bwino kuti kulephera kukwaniritsa mfundo iliyonse yodziwika bwino, mfundo yoyendetsera zoopsa, kapena muyezo wa luso mkati mwa ntchito kungapangitse zotsatira zosakhutiritsa pa ntchito yonseyo, ngakhale kuti ntchito yanu yonse inali yabwino.

Imeneyo ndi njira yovuta kuposa momwe anthu ambiri amayembekezera kuti akafike. Mutha kuuluka m'malo okongola afupiafupi ndikulephera kuchita izi ngati simungathe kufotokoza kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa nthaka komwe kunatsimikizira chisankho chanu chopita/kusiya kupita.

• Gawo lomwa si lotenthetsa thupi lisanayambe mayeso "enieni". Limayesedwa motsutsana ndi zinthu zomwezo za K ndi R monga gawo louluka.
• Ma code anu a Airman Knowledge Test Report (AKTR) amaumba mwachindunji zomwe woyesa wanu amafufuza panthawi ya mayeso a pakamwa. Ngati mayeso anu a chidziwitso awonetsa kufooka kwa chiphunzitso cha nyengo, yembekezerani mafunso olunjika pamenepo.
• Chidziwitso cha Kukana chimalemba madera enieni a Ntchito ndi Ntchito zomwe mudalephera, ndipo chimatchula kwambiri ma S-code ogwirizana ndi mulingo weniweni wa luso lomwe simunakwaniritse, zomwe zimakupatsirani mapu enieni ophunzitsiranso m'malo mwa sitampu yosamveka bwino "yosakhutiritsa".

Ovomereza Tip: Pemphani mphunzitsi wanu kuti ayese mayeso amodzi okha omwe amafanana ndi ma code anu enieni a AKTR musanafike tsiku lanu loyeserera. Oyesa amadalira ma code amenewo kuti apange mafunso enieni, kotero gawo loyeserera lomwe limapangidwa mwanjira yomweyo ndilo mayeso apafupi kwambiri omwe mungapeze.

Mfundo yofunika kwa ofunsira ntchito: tsiku loyenda bwino paulendo wa pandege silingakupatseni mwayi wopeza chiphaso ngati kufotokozera kwanu koyang'anira zoopsa sikukugwirizana ndi funso lotsatira. ACS idapangidwa makamaka kuti igwirizane ndi nkhaniyi.

Kodi Muyenera Kuphunzira Bwanji Pogwiritsa Ntchito ACS?

Lipoti lanu la mayeso a chidziwitso si kungolephera/kulephera, ndi mndandanda wa maphunziro omwe mwasankha kuti muwaphunzire. Funso lililonse lomwe simunaphunzire limalumikizana ndi khodi inayake ya ACS, ndipo khodiyo imakuuzani ntchito ndi chinthu choti muphunzire musanapite kukayesa mayeso.

Nayi njira yogwirira ntchito yomwe imagwira ntchito kaya ndinu wofunsira kapena mphunzitsi amene akupanga dongosolo la phunziro:

1. Konzani ma code anu a AKTR nthawi yomweyo mutatha mayeso a chidziwitso ndikuwonani zonse ziwiri motsutsana ndi ACS PDF ya satifiketi yanu.
2. Ma code a gulu malinga ndi dera logwirira ntchito. Ngati ma code atatu omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito onse agwera pansi pa kayendetsedwe ka zoopsa zokhudzana ndi nyengo, imeneyo ndiye njira yanu yoyamba yophunzirira, osati makadi atatu osagwirizana.
3. Pangani mafunso ongolankhula molakwika pa code iliyonse. Musangowerenganso ndime ya m'buku lanu. Lembani funso loti (“Mukukonzekera ulendo wodutsa dziko lonse ndipo METARs ikuwonetsa kuti denga lanu silikuyenda bwino, ndithandizeni kuti muyambe kuyenda/kusiya kuyenda”) lomwe limakukakamizani kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsocho muli pamavuto.
4. Yendetsani Ntchito Yogwirizana pamene mukufotokoza mokweza zinthu za R ndi K. Iyi ndi sitepe yomwe ambiri ofunsira ntchito amaphonya, ndipo ndi sitepe yomwe oyesa mayeso amayesa mwachindunji.
5. Bwerezani ndi mphunzitsi wanu yemwe akusewera mayeso, pogwiritsa ntchito banki yochitira mayeso a pakamwa yomangidwa makamaka mozungulira ma code a ACS m'malo mwa mndandanda wa mafunso wamba.

Kuti mupeze mfundo zina, tsatirani mabuku a FAA (Buku Loyendetsa Ndege ndi Buku Loyendetsa Ndege la Chidziwitso cha Aeronautical) pamodzi ndi ACS yokha, popeza Buku Lotsogolera la Companion nthawi zambiri limatchula mabuku awa kuti apeze mafotokozedwe ozama omwe ACS imangofotokoza mwachidule.

Chitsanzo cha kapangidwe ka machitidwe a sabata iliyonse a mwezi womaliza musanapite ku checkride:

• Monday: Unikani ma code a AKTR ogwirizana ndi Gawo limodzi la Ntchito; werengani ntchito yonse ya ACS.
• Lachitatu: Yendetsani maulendo mu Gawo Logwira Ntchito, mukufotokoza mokweza zinthu za K ndi R paulendo wanu.
• Friday: Gawo loseketsa lolankhula ndi ma code omwewo, omwe adalembedwa motsutsana ndi muyezo wa ACS, osati kungoganiza kuti munthu walephera/walephera.

Ovomereza Tip: Sungani zolemba za ma code a ACS omwe mwawafotokozera pakamwa movutikira poyerekeza ndi kungowerenga chete. Oyesa amatha kusiyanitsa pakati pa kukumbukira kobwerezabwereza ndi kumvetsetsa kwenikweni mkati mwa masekondi makumi atatu kuchokera pamene mwafunsa mafunso otsatira.

Aphunzitsi omwe amapanga maphunziro mozungulira Ntchito zonse, kupindika zinthu za K, R, ndi S mu ndege imodzi m'malo mophunzitsa chidziwitso cha malo ndi luso lomangirira m'malo osiyana, amakonda kusuntha ophunzira kudzera mu njira yopezera satifiketi mwachangu, chifukwa palibe chomwe chimatsala kuti chikonzedwenso pambuyo pake.

Kodi n’chiyani chimakulepheretsani kusankha anthu odziwa bwino ntchito yofufuza?

Oyendetsa ndege omwe amalephera kuyendetsa bwino ngakhale akuuluka bwino nthawi zambiri amalephera chimodzimodzi: amaona gawo lolankhulidwa ngati mwambo m'malo mwa chochitika cholumikizidwa ndi zinthu zinazake za ACS. Wophunzira amene amaphunzira njira iliyonse koma sangathe kufotokoza zoopsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asankhe zochita zinazake, kapena amene amapereka yankho losamveka bwino ku funso la nyengo lomwe AKTR yawo inanena, amachoka ndi vuto losakhutiritsa pa ntchito yomwe ankaganiza kuti inali kale m'thumba.

Kukonzekera mayeso pa tsiku lomaliza kuyenera kuphatikizapo zinthu zingapo zomwe sizingakambirane:

• ACS PDF ndi Companion Guide yamakono ya satifiketi yanu, kaya yosindikizidwa kapena yoyikidwa pa piritsi.
• AKTR yanu yokhala ndi ma code olembedwa, inayang'ananso m'mawa wa mayeso, osati milungu ingapo yapitayo.
• Zikalata za ndege, zovomerezeka za buku lanu la zolemba, ndi maumboni ofunikira omwe adalembedwa pa bolodi lanu woyesa asanafike.
• Kufuna kulankhula momveka bwino za momwe mungayang'anire zoopsa pa nthawi iliyonse yoyeserera, ngakhale pamene woyesayo sanafunse mwachindunji.

Ngati mwalandira Chidziwitso Chokana, musachione ngati vuto losamveka bwino. Werengani ma S-code ndi ma Task references mzere ndi mzere, chifukwa akugwirizana ndi luso lomwe simunakwaniritse. Chikalata chimenecho ndi chida chodziwira matenda, osati chigamulo cha luso lanu.

Kuphunzitsanso mozama pa chinthu chomwe chatchulidwa, m'malo mongogwiritsa ntchito njira yodziwikiratu ya "kuthamanga maola ambiri", kumapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri omwe akufuna ntchito abwerere ku zomwe zalembedwazo mkati mwa magawo ochepa. kuyenda kwa woyendetsa ndege payekha ngati kusavomereza kwanu kudakhudza Ntchito inayake mu gawo la ndege.

Chifukwa Chake Flightschoolusa Imamanga Maphunziro Ozungulira ACS Kuyambira Tsiku Loyamba

Flightschoolusa ili ndi Self Examining Authority, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sukuluyi imachita mayeso a FAA mkati mwa sukulu m'malo motumiza ofunsira ku mndandanda wautali wa DPE womwe masukulu ambiri oyendetsa ndege amakumana nawo. Ulamuliro umenewo ndi wofunika kwambiri apa: aphunzitsi omwe amagwiranso ntchito mu njira yoyesera yothandiza amamvetsetsa momwe ma code a ACS amasinthira kukhala mafunso a oyesa, chifukwa iwonso akugwiritsa ntchito muyezo womwewo.

Maulendo oyeserera ku Flightschoolusa amapangidwa motsatira ntchito zonse za ACS, osati njira zodziyimira pawokha, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa gawo la ndege ndi chidziwitso chomwecho komanso kasamalidwe ka zoopsa zomwe DPE ingagwiritse ntchito. mapulogalamu ophunzitsira omwe adapangidwira njira zogwirira ntchito zapa ndege, funsani mwachindunji momwe sukulu imagwiritsira ntchito ma code a ACS pokonzekera maphunziro, osati kukonzekera ulendo wokha, chifukwa kusiyana kumeneko kumaonekera mu kuchuluka kwa kupasa kwanu pambuyo pake.

Kumene Mungapeze Zikalata Zovomerezeka za ACS

Tsamba la mndandanda wa ACS la FAA ndilo likulu la ACS PDF iliyonse yomwe ilipo, ndipo liyenera kukhala chizindikiro choyamba mufoda yanu yophunzirira.

• Tsamba la mndandanda wa ACS: master index yotsitsa PDF yolondola pogwiritsa ntchito satifiketi ndi mlingo.
• Buku Lotsogolera la ACS (FAA-G-ACS-2): malangizo osavomerezeka ofotokoza momwe mungatanthauzire ma code ndikugwiritsa ntchito muyezo panthawi yokonzekera kumwa.
• Ma PDF okhudzana ndi satifiketi: Tsitsani Private Pilot ACS, Instrument Rating ACS, kapena CFI ACS kutengera satifiketi yomwe mukufuna, ndikutsegula yoyenera musanayambe phunziro lililonse.
• Lamulo la Federal Register ndi ili: Zothandiza ngati mukufuna maziko oyendetsera chifukwa chake ACS ili ndi mphamvu zomwe imachita pansi pa magawo 14 a CFR 61, 63, ndi 65.

Chifukwa Chake Kukonzekera Mphoto za ACS Kuposa Kukumbukira

Malangizo achikhalidwe pa kukonzekera ulendo wa checkride amaonabe magawo a pakamwa ndi kuuluka ngati zopinga ziwiri zosiyana. Izi ndi zobwerera m'mbuyo, ndipo kapangidwe ka ACS kamafotokoza momveka bwino mtengo wa cholakwika chimenecho: mutha kulephera ntchito yomwe mudayendetsa bwino ngati simungathe kufotokoza chifukwa chake. Kafukufuku wa dongosololi amatsimikizira lingaliro losavuta. Olembera ntchito omwe amaphunzitsa chidziwitso, kasamalidwe ka zoopsa, ndi luso limodzi, mkati mwa phunziro lomwelo la ndege, nthawi zonse amakhala okonzeka kuposa omwe amaphunzira masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso omwe amachita masewera olimbitsa thupi padera.

Chomwe chikukometsedwa kwambiri ndikuwona AKTR ngati njira yopezera chiphaso/kulephera mukamaliza kupeza zigoli zochepa. Ndi buku lophunzirira lolembedwa m'makhodi, ndipo kunyalanyaza kumawononga mayankho enieni omwe FAA imakupatsirani tsiku loyesa lisanafike.

Ngati mutengapo kanthu kamodzi pa izi, yambani kulemba ma code anu a ACS musanayambe phunziro lanu lotsatira. Werengani Ntchitoyi, osati gawo lokha. Dziwani kuti ikufunika kusamalidwa kwambiri kuposa momwe maphunziro ambiri a kusukulu yapansi amaperekera.

— Rainer

magwero

• Malangizo a Airman Certification Standards Companion Guide for Pilots (FAA-G-ACS-2)
• Miyezo ya Satifiketi ya Airman ndi Miyezo Yoyesera Yothandiza ya Airman; Kuphatikizidwa ndi Reference — Federal Register

akulimbikitsidwa

• Pitani ku US Private Pilot Checkride Yanu: ACS Kneeboard Flow kufika pa ± 50 Feet
• Kudziwa bwino CFI ACS: Ndondomeko Yabwino Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yoyendetsa Ndege mu 2026
• Zofunikira pa Ndalama za IFR: Zimene Woyendetsa Ndege Aliyense Ayenera Kudziwa
• Mafunso a Mayeso a Pakamwa a FAA: Banki Yoyeserera & Ndondomeko Yophunzirira