Chiyambi cha Altimeters
Pankhani yoyendetsa ndege, chitetezo ndi kulondola ndizofunikira kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa zida zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza oyendetsa ndege kusunga miyezo imeneyi ndi altimeter. Ndi chida chomwe chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwuluka, kupereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza kutalika kwa ndege. Bukhuli lifufuza dziko la ma altimeters, kukambirana za kufunika kwake, momwe amagwirira ntchito, ndi momwe angagwiritsire ntchito bwino.
Ukadaulo waukadaulo wa pandege ndi waukulu komanso wovuta, ndipo ma altimeters ndi chimodzimodzi. Ndi zida zamakono zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito, zonse zopangidwira kuwonetsetsa kuti oyendetsa ndege ali ndi chidziwitso cholondola kwambiri chokhudza kutalika kwawo komwe ali pano. Bukhuli lipereka chithunzithunzi chatsatanetsatane chazinthu izi, kuphatikiza zapamwamba, ndikupereka malangizo amomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito mokwanira.
Kuphatikiza apo, wowongolerayo adzayang'ana mbali yokonza zinthu, ndikupereka malangizo ofunikira ndi zidule kuti ma altimeters akhale apamwamba. Pomaliza, idzathana ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri komanso njira zothetsera mavuto, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti oyendetsa ndege amatha kuthana ndi zovuta zilizonse zomwe zingabwere mwachangu.
Kodi Altimeter ndi Chiyani Ndipo Imagwira Ntchito Motani?
Altimeter ndi chida chomwe chimayesa kutalika kwa ndege, kapena kutalika kwake pamwamba pa nyanja. Zimagwira ntchito pa mfundo ya kupanikizika kwa mlengalenga - kupanikizika kumachepa pamene munthu akupita pamwamba, ndipo chidacho chimamasulira kusintha kumeneku kukhala kuwerengera kwapamwamba.
Chigawo chachikulu cha chida ichi ndi aneroid barometer, selo yosinthika, yosindikizidwa yachitsulo yomwe imakula ndikugwirizanitsa ndi kusintha kwa kuthamanga. Pamene ndege ikukwera ndipo mphamvu ya mumlengalenga imachepa, selo limakula. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, ndegeyo ikatsika ndipo mphamvu yake ikuwonjezeka, maselo amachepa. Mayendedwewa amasinthidwa mwamakina kukhala mawerengedwe okwera pamakina a altimeter.
Choncho, siimayesa kutalika kwa msinkhu koma imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mumlengalenga ngati proxy. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa makinawa chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti kusintha kwanyengo kumatha kusokoneza kuwerenga kwa zida. Mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwamphamvu chifukwa cha nyengo yakutsogolo kungapangitse kuti iwerengere kuposa kutalika kwenikweni.
Kufunika kwa ma Altimeters kwa Oyendetsa ndege
Zida izi ndizofunikira kwa oyendetsa ndege pazifukwa zingapo. Chodziwikiratu kwambiri n’chakuti amapereka chidziŵitso chonena za kutalika kwa ndegeyo, zomwe n’zofunika kwambiri kuti zisathe kuuluka motetezeka ndiponso kuti zipeŵe zopinga monga mapiri. Koma pali zifukwa zina, zosaoneka bwino zimene zimachititsa kuti oyendetsa ndegewo akhale ofunika kwambiri.
Chimodzi mwa izi ndi navigation. Mogwirizana ndi zida zina, zimathandiza oyendetsa ndege kudziwa komwe ali komanso kutsatira njira zomwe anakonzeratu. Mwachitsanzo, kuwongolera kayendedwe ka ndege kaŵirikaŵiri kumapereka malo otalikirapo okwera ndege kuti zitsimikizike kuti zipatukana, ndipo chidachi chimathandiza oyendetsa ndege kusungitsa malo okwerawo molondola.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofunikira pakuwuluka kwa zida (IFR), pomwe oyendetsa ndege amadalira zida zawo m'malo mongoyang'ana mawonekedwe. Pamenepa, si chida chodziŵira kutalika kwa mtunda, koma ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kuzindikira kwa woyendetsa ndegeyo, kuwathandiza kumvetsetsa mmene alili poyerekezera ndi malo ndi ndege zina.
Chitsogozo cha Gawo ndi Gawo pakukhazikitsa Altimeter
Kukhazikitsa altimeter molondola ndi gawo lofunikira pokonzekera ndege isanakwane. Chinthu choyamba ndikusintha mphamvu za ndege ndikulola zida kuti zitenthedwe. Ikangoyatsa, yang'anani momwe mukukankhira pakalipano pa sub-scale, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti the Kollsman zenera.
Kenako, gwiritsani ntchito zidziwitso zaposachedwa kwambiri za siteshoni yanyengo yapafupi kapena bwalo la ndege la automated terminal information service (ATIS) kuti mupeze mphamvu yaposachedwa yapanyanja. Izi zimadziwika kuti makonzedwe a altimeter ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa mu mainchesi a mercury (inHg) kapena ma millibars (hPa).
Mukakhala ndi makonda apano, sinthani ma altimeter anu kuti akhale pamtengo uwu pogwiritsa ntchito kopu yokhazikitsira kukakamiza. Izi zipangitsa kuti zifanane ndi kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga kwanuko ndikupereka mawerengedwe olondola okwera pa eyapoti. Ikayikidwa, iyenera kuwerenga kukwera kwa bwalo la ndege pamwamba pa nyanja.
Pomaliza, yang'anani momwe ma altimeter akugwirira ntchito powonjezera ndikuchepetsa kupanikizika ndikuwonera manja a altimeter akuyenda molingana. Izi zitsimikizira kuti altimeter ikugwira ntchito moyenera komanso yokonzekera kuwuluka.
Malangizo ndi Malangizo Ogwiritsa Ntchito Molondola
Ngakhale ma altimeters adapangidwa kuti aziwerengera zolondola zamtunda, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe oyendetsa ndege angachite kuti atsimikizire kuti apeza zolondola kwambiri. Chimodzi mwa izi ndikuyang'ana nthawi zonse ndikusintha makonzedwe a ndege. Izi zili choncho chifukwa kupanikizika kwa mumlengalenga kumatha kusintha ndi nyengo, ndipo malo akale amatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale kuwerengeka kolakwika.
Lingaliro lina ndikutanthauzira kuwerengera kwake malinga ndi zida zina komanso mawonekedwe akunja. Mwachitsanzo, ngati altimeter ikunena kuti muli pamtunda wa 10,000, koma pansi pakuwoneka bwino kwambiri, khulupirirani chibadwa chanu ndikuyang'ana ndi zida zina kapena zothandizira kuyenda.
Pomaliza, dziwani malire ake. Mwachitsanzo, sichitha kuwerengera molondola kutalika kwa kukwera kapena kutsika chifukwa kuthamanga kwa cell ya aneroid sikungafanane ndi kusintha kwamphamvu kwakunja. Kumvetsetsa zoperewerazi kungathandize oyendetsa ndege kupanga zisankho zabwino paulendo wa pandege.
Kuwerenga Wamba ndi Zomwe Akutanthauza
Pali zowerengeka zingapo zomwe oyendetsa ndege ayenera kuzidziwa. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi "standard" altimeter setting ya 29.92 inHg kapena 1013.25 hPa. Uku ndiye kutsika kwapakati pamlengalenga pamlingo wanyanja, ndipo oyendetsa ndege amawugwiritsa ntchito akamawuluka pamwamba pakusintha kwanthawi yayitali, pomwe zokonda zapafupi sizikhalanso zofunika.
Kuwerenga kwina kofala ndi ziro, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ndegeyo ili pamtunda wa nyanja. Komabe, kuwerengaku kumatha kuwonekanso ngati kuthamanga kuli kokwera kwambiri komanso kupitilira kuchuluka kwa ma altimeter, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndi zida zina.
Pomaliza, pali kuwerenga kokwera kwa eyapoti komwe kumawonekera pomwe altimeter yakhazikitsidwa moyenera kumayendedwe akumaloko pa eyapoti inayake. Kuwerenga uku kumatsimikizira kuti yakhazikitsidwa bwino ndikukonzekera kuwuluka.
Malangizo Ofunika Kusamalira Oyendetsa Ndege
Kusamalira moyenera ndikofunikira kuti altimeter ikhale yogwira ntchito bwino. Imodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kukonza ndikuwunika pafupipafupi komanso kuwongolera. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuona kulondola kwake ndi kuthamanga kodziwika ndi kutalika kwake ndikusintha ngati kuli kofunikira.
Ntchito ina yofunika kwambiri ndikuyeretsa. Dothi ndi fumbi zimatha kusokoneza njira zosakhwima zomwe zili mkati mwa altimeter, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu aziwerenga molakwika. Choncho, oyendetsa ndege ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti altimeter imakhala yaukhondo komanso yopanda fumbi.
Pomaliza, oyendetsa ndege amayenera kuyang'ana nthawi zonse zosindikizira za altimeter kuti adziwe ngati zatha kapena kuwonongeka. Chisindikizo chosweka kapena chotopa chimatha kulola mpweya kulowa mu cell ya aneroid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwerenga kolakwika.
Zapamwamba ndi Momwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito
Ma altimeter amakono amabwera ndi zinthu zambiri zapamwamba zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zizigwira ntchito bwino komanso zolondola. Chimodzi mwa izi ndi "mpikisano wokwera" kapena chizindikiro cha vertical speed (VSI), chomwe chimasonyeza momwe ndege ikukwera kapena kutsika mofulumira.
Chinthu chinanso chotsogola ndi kuwerenga kwa "mulingo waulendo", womwe umawonetsa kutalika kwa ndege pamtunda wamamita mazana kupitilira mulingo wokhazikika wa 29.92 inHg. Izi ndizothandiza makamaka mukawuluka pamalo okwera, pomwe kupanikizika kwanuko sikulinso koyenera.
Oyendetsa ndege amathanso kupeza ma altimeters okhala ndi zowerengera za digito, zomwe zimapereka mawerengedwe olondola kwambiri kuposa ma analogi achikhalidwe. Ena amabwera ngakhale ndi GPS yomangidwa, yomwe ingapereke deta yotalikirapo pogwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro za satelayiti, zomwe zimapereka zowonjezera zowonjezera komanso zowonjezereka.
Zovuta Zothandizira
Ngakhale kuti ma altimeters ndi olimba, nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi mavuto. Ngati altimeter ikupereka zowerengeka zosagwirizana kapena zolakwika, sitepe yoyamba ndiyo kuyang'ana kupanikizika. Kuyika kolakwika nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha kuwerenga kolakwika.
Ngati kupanikizika kuli kolondola, sitepe yotsatira ndiyo kufufuza mwakuthupi. Yang'anani zizindikiro zilizonse zowonongeka, zowonongeka, kapena zonyansa zomwe zingayambitse vutoli. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti zili bwino, zingafunike kuwongolera.
Nthawi zina, vuto likhoza kukhala mu kayendedwe ka ndege, kamene kamapereka mpweya kunja kwa altimeter. Ngati dongosololi latsekedwa kapena likutuluka, likhoza kuyambitsa kuti liwerenge molakwika. Zikatero, dongosolo lonse lokhazikika lingafunike kuyang'aniridwa ndi kukonzedwa.
Kutsiliza
Altimeter ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri kwa oyendetsa ndege, chopereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimathandizira kuwuluka kotetezeka komanso kolondola. Kumvetsa mmene imagwirira ntchito, kuikhazika bwino, ndiponso kumasulira zimene imaŵerengedwa, kungathandize woyendetsa ndegeyo kuti azidziwa bwino mmene akuulukira.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza nthawi zonse komanso kudziwa zinthu zake zapamwamba kumatha kutsimikizira kudalirika kwake komanso kulondola. Ndipo mothandizidwa ndi bukhuli, oyendetsa ndege amatha kuthetsa mavuto aliwonse omwe angabwere, kuwonetsetsa kuti altimeter yawo imakhala yokonzeka nthawi zonse. Chifukwa chake, kwezani chidziwitso chanu chowuluka nacho - mlengalenga ndiye malire!
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