Ngā Hāora o te Kaiwhakaari Taputapu: Wāhanga 142 e āhei ana ki te 30

E 40 hāora te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana mō te whakatauranga o ngā taputapu, engari e whakawhāitihia ana e ngā here ture te maha o aua hāora ka taea te whakamahi mai i ngā taputapu whakatauira me ngā taputapu whakangungu. 14 CFR §61.65Me mātakitaki, me haina hoki e te kaiako whai mana taua whakangungu whakatauira kia tatauhia ai, ā, mā te Reta Whakamanatanga (LOA) e whakahaere te nui o ngā mea kua whakaaetia kia whiwhi whiwhinga mō ia taputapu. Ka tirohia e mātou ngā tau, ngā ture takiuru i raro i te 14 CFR §61.51, me ngā mea hei manatoko i mua i te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi o aua mea.

TL; DR:

• Mā te akoranga Wāhanga 142 kua whakaaetia e te FAA ka whakapiki ake i te tahua FFS, FTD rānei ki te 30 hāora; ki te kore, ka tohaina e ngā kāwai taputapu katoa he rohe 20 hāora.
• E 10 hāora te whiwhinga BATD, ā, e 20 hāora te whiwhinga AATD, engari kāore e taea e tētahi o ngā taputapu te whakakapi i te wheako rererangi e hiahiatia ana, te whakamahi rānei i te wā whakamātautau mahi.
• Tuhia te tauira taputapu, te tohutoro LOA e tika ana, ngā tikanga i whakamahia, te waitohu a te kaiako, me te tau tiwhikete; tuhia motuhaketia ngā huarahi ina keremehia te moni wheako tata nei.
• I mua i te whakangungu, ōrite te tauira o te taputapu me te tau rangatū ki tōna LOA, tirohia ngā here me te paunga, ā, puritia te LOA me te QAG hei arotake.

Ripanga o Ihirangi

• E hia ngā hāora o te taputapu whakatauira e whai wāhi ana ki te iti rawa o te 40 hāora o te taputapu?
• FFS, FTD, BATD, me te AATD: ngā mea e tukuna ana e ia taputapu
• Te tuhi tika i te wā taputapu ki roto i tō pukapuka takiuru
• Te manatoko i te LOA me te QAG o tētahi pūrere i mua i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hāora
• Ngā taputapu e whakaaetia ana e ngā kaiwhakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau mahi
• Te hanga i ngā akoranga whakatauira hei whakanui ake i tō whiwhinga
• He aha te hiranga o te whakahaere ture me te pūkenga rakau-me-te-urunga
• Whakaotihia tō whakatauranga taputapu me te whakangungu Wāhanga 141 i hangaia huri noa i te whiwhinga whakatauira
• FAQ
• Rauemi

E hia ngā hāora o te taputapu whakatauira e whai wāhi ana ki te iti rawa o te 40 hāora o te taputapu?

E 40 hāora te roa o te wā e whakamahia ana mō te whakatauranga taputapu, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu hei whakatauira i tētahi wāhanga nui o tēnā, kaua i tētahi waka rererangi. I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, ko te tapeke whakakotahi mō ngā taputapu whakatauira, ngā taputapu whakangungu rere (FTD), me ngā taputapu whakangungu rererangi (ATD) he 20 hāora, ia 14 CFR §61.65. Ina puta tō whakangungu i raro i tētahi akoranga Wāhanga 142 kua whakaaetia e te FAA, ka whakaaetia e te §61.65(h)(1) he wā roa ake tae atu ki te 30 hāora i roto i tētahi taputapu whakatauira rere katoa (FFS) FTD rānei.

He whaiti ake ngā rohe o ngā taputapu whakangungu rererangi i roto i taua hanganga:

• Ka whakawhiwhia e te Pūrere Whakangungu Rererangi Taketake (BATD) te mōrahi o ngā hāora 10 ki te whakatauranga o te taputapu.
• Ka taea te whakawhiwhi whiwhinga ki tētahi Pūrere Whakangungu Rererangi Matatau (AATD) tae atu ki te 20 hāora.
• Ki te kore te okotahi o te Wāhanga 142, ka herea e te §61.65(j) te whiwhinga taputapu katoa ki te 20 hāora, ahakoa te wehewehenga o aua hāora puta noa i ngā momo taputapu.

Tērā pea ka whakamahia e tētahi mahere whakangungu noa he 20 hāora i roto i tētahi AATD hei whakahaere i ngā tikanga taputapu me ngā tauira pupuri, kātahi ka whakaoti i ngā hāora 20 e toe ana o te wā taputapu i roto i te waka rererangi, e kapi ana i ngā whakatatanga, ngā akoranga ārai, me te whakaritenga whakawhiti whenua e kore e taea e tētahi taputapu te whakatutuki. Ka eke taua huinga ki te tapeke 40 hāora me te whakaute i ngā here katoa o te ture.

FFS, FTD, BATD, me te AATD: ngā mea e tukuna ana e ia taputapu

Porowhita Tohutohu FAA AC 61-136A e tautuhi ana i ngā kāwai taputapu e puta ana puta noa i te whakangungu Wāhanga 61 me te Wāhanga 141. Ka tāruatia e te whakatauira rere katoa te papa rererangi me ngā tohu nekehanga me te tino pono; ka whai te taputapu whakangungu rere i te taiao o te kokopiti me te kore nekehanga katoa; ā, ka tukuna e te taputapu whakangungu rererangi, kua wehea ki te Taketake (BATD) me te Matatau (AATD), he tūāpapa iti ake te utu engari e mōhiotia ana e te FAA mō te whakangungu tikanga.

Ko te mea nui mō te whiwhinga ko te iti iho o te tapanga kāwai o te taputapu, engari ko tōna āheinga kua tuhia:

• Ko te pono o te pūnaha tirohanga me te tika o te papa taputapu e whakatau ana ko ēhea ngā mahi ka taea e te taputapu te whakatauira.
• Ko te tikanga, ka tautokohia e ngā AATD ngā rere rererangi pono ake me ngā tukanga kokopiti karāhe i ngā BATD.
• Kāore e whakaaetia te wā BATD me te wā AATD mō tētahi whakamātautau mahi, ā, kāore he ATD e taea te whakakapi mō ngā wheako rererangi e hiahiatia ana pērā i te wā takitahi, ngā mahi i te pō, ngā rerenga me ngā taunga rānei.

Ngā pailate e whakareri ana mō te whakawhiti kokopiti karāhe he maha ngā wā ka kitea ko ngā wā AATD ka tere ake te whakapai ake i te matatau o ngā tukanga i te wā rererangi tuatahi anake, ā, ka arotahi tonu ngā hāora rere ka utua ki ngā mahi kāore e taea e tētahi taputapu te tārua.

Te tuhi tika i te wā taputapu ki roto i tō pukapuka takiuru

I raro i te 14 CFR §61.51, ka tuhia e koe te wā o te taputapu ina whakamahia ana mā te tohutoro ki ngā taputapu anake, ahakoa i roto i ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi o te taputapu, i roto rānei i tētahi tauira, taputapu rānei kua whakaaetia. Me haina e te kaiako e tuhi ana i taua wātū hei tohutohu takirua te whakaurunga me tana nama tiwhikete, ā, me hono te whakaurunga ki te LOA o te taputapu mēnā e tika ana.

Me whakauru atu ki tētahi tāurunga rangitaki katoa:

1. Nā te mea he maha ngā pātai ka pātaihia mō te momo me te tauira o te taputapu, pērā i te "simulator".
2. Ko te tau tohutoro LOA, mēnā e hiahiatia ana tētahi e te pūrere hei whiwhinga.
3. He whakamārama poto mō ngā kaupapa o te whakangungu, pērā i ngā huarahi mahi, ngā tikanga whakahaere rānei i whakamahia.
4. Te waitohu a te kaiako, te nama tiwhikete, me te rā.
5. Ka tuhia motuhaketia ngā taipitopito o te huarahi mena kei te hiahia koe ki te whakamahi i te wātū ki te moni wheako tata nei i raro i te §61.57©.

Tērā pea ka pēnei te āhua o tētahi kupu i roto i tētahi pukapuka takiuru: "Te whakangungu taputapu AATD, ngā huarahi ILS me te RNAV, ngā tikanga pupuri, LOA #12345, kua whiwhihia ngā mea e rua." Mā taua taumata taipitopito koe e tiaki mēnā ka arotakehia tō rekoata whakangungu e tētahi kaitirotiro pailate kua tohua (DPE) e tētahi kaitirotiro FAA rānei.

Te manatoko i te LOA me te QAG o tētahi pūrere i mua i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hāora

Ko ia taputapu whakangungu kua whakaaetia e te FAA e whakahaerehia ana i raro i tētahi Reta Whakamanatanga e herea ana ki tētahi Aratohu Tohu me te Whakaaetanga (QAG), ā, e whakamārama ana ēnei tuhinga ko ēhea ngā mahi ka taea e te taputapu te whiwhi whiwhinga me te roa o te wā. Ko ngā LOA he tikanga whai mana mō ngā marama maramataka 60, ā, e tohu ana te rārangi me te aratohu ATD kua whakaaetia e te FAA me whakarato e ngā pokapū whakangungu he kape ki tētahi pailate e whakamahi ana i te wā o taua taputapu mō te whiwhinga tiwhikete, whakatauranga rānei.

I mua i tō tuhi i tētahi haora, whakaūhia ngā mea e whai ake nei ki tō kaiwhakarato whakangungu:

• Tonoa he kape o nāianei o te LOA me te QAG o te pūrere.
• Tātaitia te tauira o te pūrere me te tau rangatū ki tā te LOA e whakarārangi ana.
• Tirohia te rā paunga me ngā here whakamahinga kua whakaritea.
• Puritia tētahi tārua ki roto i ō ake pūkete whakangungu, kia wehea mai i ngā kōnae a te kura.

Aki pro: Mauria mai he kape o te LOA ki tō whakamātautau mahi; ka tonoa tonutia e ētahi kaiwhakamātautau, ā, mā te rite tonu ka karohia he whakaroa i te wā whakarite.

Ngā taputapu e whakaaetia ana e ngā kaiwhakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau mahi

Kāore e whakaaetia ngā taputapu whakangungu rererangi kia whakamahia i roto i tētahi whakamātautau mahi a te FAA, ahakoa te maha o ngā hāora i whakawhiwhia ki a rātou i roto i tō whakangungu. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakangungu rererangi katoa me ngā taputapu whakangungu rererangi mō tētahi, mō te katoa rānei o tētahi tirotiro haere anake ina puta te whakamātautau mā roto i tētahi kaupapa kua whakaaetia e te FAA, e hono ana ki tētahi pokapū whakangungu Wāhanga 142, ki tētahi whakamanatanga motuhake rānei a te kaiwhakamātautau.

Anei ētahi herenga hei tumanako mēnā kei te tuku whakamātautau taputapu tō kura:

• He maha ngā wā ka whakawhāitihia e ngā kaitirotiro te maha, te momo rānei o ngā huarahi e mahia ana i roto i tētahi FTD ki tētahi waka rererangi.
• Me whakaū ngā pepa whakamanatanga i mua i te whakaritenga o te whakamātautau, kaua i te rā whakamātautau.
• Me manatoko e tō kaiwhakarato whakangungu i mua i te wā kua whakamanahia te taputapu me te hōtaka motuhake mō te eke tirotiro e whakaaro ana koe ki te whakamahi.

Mā te mahi tahi me tō kura rererangi i mua i te wā ka ārai i te whakaritenga anō o te whakamātautau mō te āputa tuhinga.

Te hanga i ngā akoranga whakatauira hei whakanui ake i tō whiwhinga

Ka whiwhi whiwhinga te wā whakatauira ina arahina e te kaiako, i hangaia i runga i ngā nekehanga kua tautuhia mārama kua whakaritea ki ngā mahi Paerewa Tiwhikete Airman (ACS), ā, ka mutu me te arotake me te whakaurunga takiuru kua hainatia. Ko te whakangungu i raro i te marautanga Wāhanga 141, Wāhanga 142 rānei ka hua ake he whiwhinga taputapu teitei ake i te mahi motuhake, nā te mea ko te marautanga tonu te mea i arotakehia e te FAA i te wā e tukuna ana te whakamanatanga taputapu a te kura.

Tatou kaupapa whakangungu whakatauranga taputapu Ka hangaia ngā poraka whakatauira tika ki roto i te marautanga Wāhanga 141, kia hono ai ia wāhanga AATD ki tētahi mahi ACS motuhake i mua i te ekenga o te ākonga ki te waka rererangi. Ka whakahaerehia e mātou ngā tuhinga LOA i roto, ka tangohia ai te taumahatanga o te whai pepa mai i te ākonga.

• Tāruatia ia poraka whakatauira ki tētahi huarahi, ki tētahi tikanga rānei, kaua ki te "mahi taputapu" whānui.
• Me matapaki tonu i muri i te wāhanga i te mea kei te hou tonu te horopaki.
• Whakaūtia ki tō kaiako ko ēhea ngā hāora taputapu ka uru ki roto i tō mahere whakangungu waka rererangi.

Aki pro: Whakaritea ō akoranga AATD i te wiki i mua i te akoranga waka rererangi e kapi ana i te momo huarahi kotahi; ka tere ake te whakahokinga i te wehe i a rātou.

He aha te hiranga o te whakahaere ture me te pūkenga rakau-me-te-urunga

Ka whakapotohia e ngā tauira mahi te ara ki te matatau, engari i te wā anake e tutuki ai ngā pepa kei muri i a rātou. Kua kite tātou i te uara ako o tētahi wā whakangungu taputapu e whakahaerehia pai ana: ko te kaha ki te whakamutu, ki te whakahoki, me te whakatika tonu i tētahi tukanga ka tere ake te ako i tētahi ara e kore e whakaaetia e te waka rererangi. Kāore tētahi o ēnā e whai pānga, ahakoa kua pau te LOA, kua ngaro rānei he waitohu i roto i te pukapuka takiuru. Me whakaaro ki te ture whakahaere me te mea kāore e taea te wehe i te rere tonu, ā, honoa ia hāora o te wā taputapu me te wheako waka rererangi e hiahiatia tonutia ana e ngā ture.

— Rainer

Whakaotihia tō whakatauranga taputapu me te whakangungu Wāhanga 141 i hangaia huri noa i te whiwhinga whakatauira

Ka hangaia e mātou ā mātou Whakatauranga Taputapu Wahanga 141 he kaupapa kia mahi tahi ai ngā hāora o te tauira me ngā hāora rererangi ki te whakatutuki i te whakaritenga 40-hāora, ā, mā tā mātou tīma e whakahaere ngā tuhinga LOA, kaua māu e kimi. Ka whakahaerehia hoki e mātou ngā tirotiro FAA i roto i te whare, e whakapoto ai i te tatari i waenga i te whakaoti i tō whakangungu me te noho i tō whakamātautau mahi.

• Pātai atu mō ngā tuhinga LOA me QAG o nāianei mō tētahi taputapu kei roto i tō marautanga.
• Arotakehia te hononga o ngā poraka whakatauira ki tō kaupapa whakangungu waka rererangi i mua i te whakaurunga.
• Whakaūtia te wātea o te waka tirotiro ā-roto hei wāhanga o tō rārangi wā hōtaka.

Whakapā mai mā te whārangi akoranga whakangungu whakamātautau kia kite ai koe me pēhea te uru o te whakatauranga taputapu ki roto i tō mahere tiwhikete whānui.

FAQ

E hia ngā hāora o te whakatauranga taputapu e whai hua ana?

Tae atu ki te 20 hāora o te wā whaihanga, FTD, ATD rānei ka uru ki te whakaritenga taputapu 40-hāora i raro i te 14 CFR §61.65, tae atu ki te 30 hāora e whakaaetia ana i roto i te FFS, FTD rānei i raro i tētahi kaupapa Wāhanga 142 kua whakaaetia. Ko te BATD e herea ana ki te 10 hāora, ā, ko te AATD e herea ana ki te 20 hāora i roto i taua rohenga whānui.

He aha te ture IFR 6-6-6?

Ehara tēnei kupu i te kupu ture a te FAA, ā, kāore hoki i te whakamāramatia i roto i te 14 CFR, i ngā rauemi tohutohu rānei a te FAA. Mēnā i tūtaki koe ki tētahi atu wāhi, whakaūhia te pūtake ki te 14 CFR §61.65 me te §61.57, nā te mea kua whakamāramahia māramatia ngā whakaritenga mō ngā wheako hou me ngā whakaritenga whakatauranga i reira.

He aha te ture 1500-hāora a te FAA?

Ko te ture 1,500-hāora e pā ana ki te roanga katoa o te wā rere e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i tētahi tiwhikete Paerata Waka Rererangi (ATP), he whakaritenga motuhake tēnei mai i te iti rawa o te whakatauranga taputapu. Kāore e pā ki te pānga o ngā hāora whakatauira ki te whakatauranga taputapu tonu.

Ka taea e au te whakamahi i te wā whakatauira i runga i taku whakamātautau taputapu?

Kāore ngā taputapu whakangungu rererangi e whakamanahia ana mō ngā whakamātautau mahi a te FAA. Ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi tauira rere katoa, i tētahi FTD rānei, mō tētahi wāhanga o tētahi tirotiro haere anake ina puta te whakamātautau mā roto i tētahi kaupapa kua whakaaetia e te FAA, nō reira whakaūhia te whakamanatanga me tō kaiwhakarato whakangungu i mua i te whakarite.

He aha ngā mea me tuhi e taku kaiako mō te whakangungu taputapu whakatauira?

Me tuhi e tō kaiako te momo me te tauira o te taputapu, tetahi tohutoro LOA e tika ana, he whakaahuatanga o te whakangungu i mahia, me tā rātou waitohu me te nama tiwhikete, e rite ana ki te 14 CFR §61.51. Mā tēnei taipitopito ka tiakina te whiwhinga mēnā ka arotakehia te whakaurunga ā muri ake nei.

Rauemi

• 14 CFR § 61.65 – Ngā whakaritenga whakatauranga taputapu.
• AC 61-136A — Te Whakaae i ngā Taputapu Whakangungu Rererangi me tā rātou Whakamahinga mō te Whakangungu me te Wheako

tūtohu

• 250 NM, Ngā Huarahi e Toru, Kotahi te Whakaurunga: Ngā Ture Whakawhiti Whenua a te FAA Instrument
• Kaupapa Whakangungu Whakatauranga Taputapu mō ngā Pailate Mahi
• Rererangi Simulator: #1 Aratohu Whakangungu Whakangungu Pilot
• Te Kura Pilot Rererangi Me Te Turanga o te Rererangi Simulator