Yaya Tsayin Tsayin Yayi Shafi Ayyukan Jirgin Sama
Wataƙila kun ji kalmar tsawo kafin.
Ga yawancin mutane, hanya ce kawai ta zato na faɗin tsayi. Irin tsayin da kuke tunani lokacin da kuka kalli jirgin sama yana zazzage gajimare.
Amma tsayin daka a jirgin sama shine komai.
Ba wai kawai girman girman jirgin sama ba ne. Yana da game da aminci, inganci, da kiyaye abubuwa cikin iko lokacin da kuke dubban ƙafa a cikin iska.
Matukin jirgi ba wai kawai suna tunanin tsayin daka ba—suna dogara da shi. Ta yadda suke kewayawa, guje wa karo, da magance al'amuran da ba zato ba tsammani.
Yau, muna karya shi duka. Daga abin da tsayin daka a jirgin sama yake nufi ga dalilin da ya sa yake da mahimmanci. Za ku kuma koyi game da nau'ikan tsayi, yadda ake auna su, da yadda suke shafar kowane jirgin.
Bari mu fara.
Menene Altitude a cikin Jirgin Sama?
Tsayin jirgin sama ba wai tsayi kawai ba ne. Wannan shine ainihin ma'aunin yadda jirgin ke da nisa daga ma'auni. Wannan batu zai iya zama matakin teku, ƙasa, ko wani ma'auni dangane da irin tsayin da ake amfani da shi.
Wannan ba lambar bazuwar matukin jirgi ke kallo ba. Yana da ma'auni mai mahimmanci wanda ke nuna yadda jirage suke tafiya cikin iska lafiya. Kowane jirgin sama yana aiki a wani tsayin daka na musamman don guje wa karo da kasancewa cikin tsari sarrafa sararin samaniya.
Me yasa yake da mahimmanci haka? Matukin jirgi sun dogara da tsayi don kewayawa, inganci, da aminci. Misali, tafiye-tafiye a cikin tuddai masu tsayi na rage yawan amfani da mai saboda siraran iska. A cikin mafi sauƙi, tsayi ba lamba ba ne kawai - ƙashin bayan jirgin ne.
Me yasa Tsayin Yana da Muhimmanci a Jirgin Sama?
Tsayi shine ke kiyaye sararin sama. Yi la'akari da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a matsayin hadadden babbar hanya. Idan ba tare da kiyaye tsayin jiragen sama a matakai daban-daban ba, wannan babbar hanyar zata zama rikici da hargitsi.
Amma tsawo yana yin fiye da jiragen sama daban. Yana shafar aiki kai tsaye. A cikin tuddai masu tsayi, injuna suna aiki da inganci, amma ƙananan iska kuma suna canza yadda suke aiki. Dole ne matukan jirgi su daidaita akai-akai don daidaita amfani da man fetur, ƙarfin injin, da aminci.
Sannan akwai kewayawa. Tsayin tsayi yana tabbatar da cewa jirage suna tsayawa kan ƙayyadaddun dokokin sararin samaniya, da guje wa rikici da sauran jirage. Ba wai hawa ko ƙasa kawai ba—tsari ne da aka ƙididdige shi wanda ke ba da damar tafiya ta iska.
Nau'in Tsayin Jirgin Sama
Tsayin jirgin sama ba lamba ɗaya ba ce kawai. Akwai nau'ikan iri da yawa, kowannensu yana yin takamaiman manufa. Matukin jirgi sun dogara da waɗannan don kewayawa cikin aminci da tabbatar da ingantaccen aikin jirgin. Bari mu dubi manyan nau'ikan tsayi a cikin jirgin da yadda suke aiki.
Mahimman Tsayi
Tsayin da aka nuna shine abin da tsayin mita nuna. Ya dogara ne akan matsi na barometric da matukin jirgin ya saita kafin ko lokacin jirgin. Wannan karatun yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye matakan jirgin da aka keɓe.
Duk da haka, ba koyaushe daidai ba ne. Canje-canje a yanayin zafi da matsa lamba na iya shafar daidaitonsa. Shi ya sa matukan jirgi ke daidaita altimeter akai-akai don dacewa da matsi na barometric na gida. Tsayin da aka nuna shine asali amma muhimmin sashi na fahimtar tsayi a cikin jirgin sama.
Gaskiya Tsayi
Tsayin gaskiya yana auna tsayin jirgin sama da matakin teku. Yana da ainihin tsayi kuma ana ƙididdige shi don daidaito. Misali, lokacin da jirgin sama ya tashi a ƙafa 35,000, wannan shine ainihin tsayinsa.
Irin wannan tsayi yana da mahimmanci don share ƙasa. Dole ne matukan jirgi su san ainihin tsayin su don guje wa tsaunuka da sauran cikas, musamman lokacin takeoff da saukowa, ko ƙananan matakan tashi. Daidaitaccen tsayi a cikin jirgin yana da mahimmanci a nan.
Matsayin Matsi
Ana ƙididdige tsayin matsi ta amfani da daidaitaccen saitin matsa lamba na inci 29.92 na mercury (Hg). Yana watsi da yanayin yanayi kuma ana amfani dashi lokacin da jiragen sama suke tashi a sama.
Irin wannan tsayi yana da mahimmanci don sarrafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Yana tabbatar da duk jiragen sama suna aiki bisa daidaiton matakan tashi, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin yanayi daban-daban ba. Matukin jirgi sun dogara da tsayin daka don kasancewa cikin aminci da tsari a sararin sama.
Girman Girma
Girman girma yana nufin yadda jirgin ke “ji” kamar yana shawagi, dangane da yawan iska. Zazzabi, zafi, da matsa lamba suna rinjayar wannan.
Lokacin da girma ya yi yawa-kamar a wurare masu zafi ko masu tsayi-aikin jirgin sama yana wahala. Matukin jirgi na bukatar yin lissafin hakan a yayin tashi da sauka don tabbatar da cewa jirgin ya yi aiki kamar yadda aka zata. Yana da wani mahimmin la'akari a tsayi a cikin jirgin sama.
Cikakken Tsayi
Cikakken tsayi yana auna nisa tsakanin jirgin da ƙasa a ƙasa. Ana kuma kiranta "sama da matakin ƙasa" (AGL). Ba kamar tsayin daka na gaskiya ba, yana nuna yadda jirgin ke da nisa daga saman.
Irin wannan nau'in yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin saukar jirgin ƙasa kaɗan, tashi, da kuma saukowa. Matukin jirgi suna amfani da cikakken tsayin daka don guje wa cikas da kiyaye kariya mai aminci. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ma'aunin ma'auni mafi amfani a cikin jirgin sama don ayyukan yau da kullun.
Tsayin Gaskiya vs. Tsayin da aka nuna: Maɓalli Maɓalli
A cikin sashe na ƙarshe, mun bincika nau'ikan tsayin daka a cikin jirgin sama, kuma a bayyane yake dukansu suna amfani da dalilai daban-daban. Daga cikin su, tsayin daka na gaskiya da tsayin da aka nuna sune mahimman ra'ayoyi guda biyu da kowane matukin jirgi dole ne ya fahimta.
Duk da yake suna iya yin kama da juna, bambance-bambancen su yana tasiri kewayawa, share ƙasa, da aminci gaba ɗaya. A ƙasa akwai bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci guda shida tsakanin tsayi na gaskiya da tsayin da aka nuna, an yi bayani dalla-dalla.
Ma'ana da Aunawa
Tsayin gaskiya shine ainihin tsayin jirgin sama sama da matakin teku (MSL). Daidaitaccen ma'auni ne wanda ke nuna daidai girman girman jirgin sama dangane da teku.
Tsayin da aka nuna, duk da haka, shine abin da altimeter ke nunawa. Ya dogara ne akan matsi na barometric, wanda matukan jirgi suka daidaita don nuna yanayin yanayi na yanzu. Yayin da tsayin daka na gaskiya cikakke ne, tsayin da aka nuna ya dogara da saitunan matsa lamba.
Wurin Magana
Tsayin gaskiya koyaushe yana amfani da matakin teku azaman tushen sa. Wannan ya sa ya zama ƙayyadadden ma'aunin duniya wanda baya canzawa ko da kuwa yanayi.
Tsayin da aka nuna, a gefe guda, yana nuni da matsa lamba na yanayi a takamaiman wuri ko daidaitaccen saitin 29.92 inci na mercury (Hg) a matakan jirgi mafi girma. Wannan yana sa ya zama mai canzawa, saboda yana dogara ga gyare-gyare na waje.
Daidaito da Dogara
Tsayin gaskiya ya fi daidai saboda yana samar da ainihin tsayin daka sama da matakin teku. Matukin jirgi sun dogara da shi don ƙididdige shingen ƙasa da tabbatar da amintaccen kewayawa kan cikas.
Tsayin da aka nuna, yayin da yake da amfani, ba shi da abin dogaro a ƙarƙashin matsanancin sauye-sauyen yanayi. Zai iya ba da karatun da ba daidai ba idan ba a daidaita altimeter yadda ya kamata ba, musamman a yanayin yanayi daban-daban.
Amfani a cikin Ayyukan Jirgin
Ana amfani da tsayi na gaskiya don share ƙasa. Matukin jirgi suna amfani da shi don tabbatar da cewa jirginsu ya kiyaye nisa daga tsaunuka, tsaunuka, da sauran cikas. Yana da mahimmanci musamman a lokacin kusanci, tashi, da saukowa.
Ana amfani da tsayin da aka nuna, duk da haka, don kula da matakan tashi a cikin sararin samaniya mai sarrafawa. Yana taimakawa masu kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama sanya tsayin daka ga jirage daban-daban, tare da ware su don aminci.
Tasirin Yanayin Yanayi
Yanayin yanayi ba ya shafar tsayin gaskiya. Ƙimar sa tana nan dawwama ba tare da la'akari da yanayin zafi ko canjin matsa lamba ba, yana mai da shi abin dogaro don kewayawa na dogon lokaci.
Tsayin da aka nuna, duk da haka, yana canzawa tare da yanayin yanayi. Dole ne matukan jirgi su daidaita altimeter akai-akai don dacewa da matsi na barometric na yanzu don kiyaye ingantaccen karatu.
Muhimmanci a Tsaron Jirgin Sama
Tsayin tsayi na gaskiya yana tabbatar da share ƙasa, yana mai da shi mahimmanci don guje wa cikas da tabbatar da tsaro a lokacin ƙanƙaramar tashi. Ba tare da tsayi na gaskiya ba, matukan jirgi suna fuskantar haɗarin tashi da haɗari kusa da ƙasa ko wasu haɗari.
Tsayin da aka nuna yana taka wata rawa dabam a cikin aminci. Yana tabbatar da jiragen sama suna kula da matakan da aka ba su, yana hana haɗuwa da tsakiyar iska. Duk ma'auni biyun suna da mahimmanci, amma suna ba da fa'idodi daban-daban na amincin jirgin sama.
Fahimtar tsayi na gaskiya da tsayin da aka nuna yana da mahimmanci ga kowane matukin jirgi. Waɗannan ma'auni guda biyu suna aiki tare don kiyaye zirga-zirgar jiragen sama lafiya, inganci, da daidaitawa. Dole ne matukan jirgi su san lokacin da yadda za su yi amfani da su don tabbatar da kowane jirgin yana aiki ba tare da kuskure ba.
Tsayin Jirgin Sama: Yadda Tsayin Ya Shafi Jirgin Sama
Altitude yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jirgin sama. Ba wai kawai ya ƙayyade girman girman jirgin ba - yana rinjayar ingancin jirgin, jin daɗin fasinja, har ma da ƙalubalen da matukan jirgi ke fuskanta da yanayi da yanayi. turbulence. Bari mu bincika yadda tsayi ke shafar tashi a waɗannan wuraren.
Ayyukan Jiragen Sama
Tsayin tsayi yana tasiri sosai akan aikin jirgin. A cikin tuddai masu tsayi, iska ta fi sauƙi, wanda ya rage ja. Wannan yana inganta ingantaccen man fetur, yana sa jiragen sama su iya yin tafiya mai nisa tare da ƙarancin man fetur.
Duk da haka, ƙananan iska kuma yana rinjayar aikin injin. Injin yana buƙatar adadin iskar oxygen don yin aiki yadda ya kamata. A mafi tsayi, tare da ƙananan matakan oxygen, injuna na iya rasa iko sai dai idan an tsara su don magance waɗannan yanayi.
Tsayin tsayi kuma yana ƙayyade nisan tashi da saukar ƙasa. A cikin yanayi mai tsayi, kamar a filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama masu zafi ko masu tsayi, jirage suna buƙatar dogon titin jirgin sama don samun ɗagawa. Wannan ya sa fahimtar tsayin daka a jirgin sama yana da mahimmanci don ayyuka masu aminci.
Ta'aziyyar Fasinja
Tsayin ba wai kawai ya shafi jirgin ba; yana shafar mutanen da ke cikin jirgin kuma. A tsayin daka, karfin iska a wajen jirgin ya yi kasa sosai fiye da matakin teku. Abin da ya sa ake matsa lamba ga ɗakunan gidaje don yin kwaikwayon ƙananan tsayi, sanya fasinjoji cikin kwanciyar hankali da aminci.
Ba tare da matsi mai kyau ba, fasinjoji za su iya fuskantar ciwo mai tsayi, gajiya, ko ƙarancin numfashi. Tsayawa tsayin gida mai dadi yana tabbatar da jin daɗin su.
Tsayin tsayi kuma yana rinjayar amo da matakan girgiza. A tsaunin tuddai, iska mafi ƙanƙanta yana rage hayaniyar waje, yana haifar da nutsuwa da santsi da gogewar tashi. Fahimtar yadda tsayi ke shafar jirgin yana taimaka wa kamfanonin jiragen sama ba da fifikon jin daɗin fasinja.
Tsarin Yanayi da Hargitsi
Tsayin yanayi yana ƙayyade irin haduwar matukin jirgi na yanayi. Misali, a cikin tuddai masu tsayi, jirage na iya guje wa guguwa da kuma rufewar gajimare, kamar yadda yawancin tsarin yanayi ke faruwa a cikin ƙananan yadudduka na yanayi.
Koyaya, tsayin daka yana zuwa tare da nasu ƙalubalen, kamar tashin hankali a sarari. Irin wannan tashin hankali ba a ganuwa akan radar kuma yana iya faruwa ko da a sararin sama. Matukin jirgi sun dogara da iliminsu na tsayi a cikin jirgin sama don tsinkaya da rage waɗannan sharuɗɗan.
Kayayyaki da Kayan Aiki don Auna Tsayin Jirgin Sama
Daidaitaccen ma'aunin tsayi yana da mahimmanci ga kowane jirgi. Matukin jirgi sun dogara da kayan aiki da kayan aiki da yawa don tantance tsayi da tabbatar da ayyuka masu aminci.
Altimeters
The tsayin mita shine kayan aikin farko da ake amfani dashi don auna tsayi. Yana aiki ta gano canje-canje a cikin matsa lamba na yanayi da canza su zuwa karatun tsayi. Matukin jirgi suna daidaita altimeter don dacewa da matsi na barometric na yanzu a wurinsu, suna tabbatar da ingantaccen karatu.
Altimeters suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye matakan jirgin sama, guje wa ƙasa, da tabbatar da rabuwa tsakanin jiragen sama. Idan ba tare da su ba, kewaya sararin samaniya ba zai yuwu ba.
Ma'aunin Tsayin Tushen GPS na zamani
An gabatar da ci gaban fasaha Tsarin tsayi na tushen GPS. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna amfani da bayanan tauraron dan adam don ƙididdige matsayin jirgin sama da tsayinsa tare da daidaito mai ban mamaki.
Tsarin GPS yana ba da ƙarin tallafi, musamman a wuraren da ke da ƙarancin gani ko ƙasa mai ƙalubale. Sun dace da altimeters na gargajiya, suna baiwa matukan jirgin damar samun cikakkiyar ra'ayi game da tsayin su a jirgin sama.
Kalubalen da ke da alaƙa da Tsayin Jirgin Sama
Tsayin jirgin sama ba kawai game da tashi sama ba ne. Yana game da kewayawa cikas, sarrafa aiki, da kiyayewa. Amma tsayi yana zuwa tare da ƙalubale waɗanda ke buƙatar daidaito da ƙwarewa. Mu karya su.
Kurakurai a cikin Karatun Altimeter
Altimeters ba koyaushe suke faɗin gaskiya ba. Canje-canjen yanayi ko saitunan da ba daidai ba na iya haifar da karatun tsayin ƙarya.
Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da matsa lamba barometric ke motsawa da sauri, kamar lokacin hadari, ko lokacin da matukan jirgi suka manta don daidaita altimeter don dacewa da matsa lamba na gida. Ƙananan kuskure na iya haifar da tashi da ƙasa ko tsayi, yana jefa jirgin cikin haɗari.
An horar da matukan jirgi don sake daidaita altimitansu akai-akai. Har ila yau, suna dogara ga kayan aikin ajiya don bincika karatun da kuma tabbatar da sun san ainihin matsayinsu.
Matsayin Maɗaukakin Maɗaukaki
Yawo a tudu a cikin yanayi mai zafi ko ɗanɗano ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. Iskar tana ƙara ƙaranci, tana rage ɗagawa da ƙarfin injin.
Jiragen sama suna buƙatar dogon titin jiragen sama don tashi da sauka a cikin waɗannan yanayi. Matukin jirgi kuma su rage nauyi, kamar iyakance fasinjoji ko kaya, don tabbatar da cewa jirgin zai iya tashi lafiya.
Misali, filayen jiragen sama a yankuna masu tsaunuka, kamar Denver, galibi suna fuskantar yanayin tsayin daka. Yawo a nan yana buƙatar tsari mai kyau da ƙididdiga daidai.
Tasiri Akan Ilimin Halittar Dan Adam
Ba a tsara mutane don tsayin daka ba. Matsin iska yana raguwa, haka ma iskar oxygen. Ba tare da taka tsantsan ba, wannan na iya haifar da dizziness, gajiya, ko hypoxia.
Matsi na gida yana taimakawa hana waɗannan al'amura ta hanyar kiyaye aminci, yanayin numfashi. Amma idan tsarin ya gaza, fasinjoji da ma'aikatan jirgin dole ne su dogara da ƙarin oxygen.
An horar da matukan jirgi don gane farkon alamun hypoxia kuma suyi sauri. Saukowa zuwa tsayi mai aminci na iya zama bambanci tsakanin rayuwa da mutuwa.
Kewayawa Turbulence
Turbunce abokin matukin jirgi ne akai-akai, musamman a saman tudu. Hargitsi mai tsabta-iska shine mafi ƙalubale-ba za a iya gani ba kuma baya nunawa akan radar.
Matukin jirgi sun dogara da rahotannin yanayi da horar da su don guje wa yankuna masu tashin hankali. Lokacin da ba zai yuwu ba, suna daidaita saurin jirgin don yin tafiya cikin sauƙi ga fasinjoji.
Rage Ayyukan Injin
Injin suna bunƙasa akan iskar oxygen. Amma yayin da tsayin daka ya karu, iskar tana raguwa, kuma injuna suna rasa aiki.
A cikin injunan piston, dole ne matukan jirgi su daidaita cakuda man-iska don kula da aiki. Haka kuma injunan jet suna buƙatar sa ido akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa suna samar da isasshiyar tuƙi yayin da suke adana mai.
Tsayin tsayi yana tasiri kai tsaye yadda injina ke aiki, yana mai da wannan mahimmancin mayar da hankali ga ayyukan jirgin.
Iyakar Jirgin sama a Tsayin Tsawon Tsawon Gida
Kowane jirgi yana da iyaka. Yin tashi sama da tsayi yana rage sarrafawa, yana ƙara saurin tsayawa, kuma yana sanya damuwa akan jirgin.
Matukin jirgi sun san silin sabis na jirgin kuma suna tabbatar da cewa ba su wuce shi ba. Kasancewa cikin amintattun iyakoki na tsayi yana da mahimmanci don guje wa haɗarin da ba dole ba.
Matsayi a cikin jirgin sama ba kawai game da lambobi ba ne. Yana game da shawo kan ƙalubale, fahimtar haɗari, da tabbatar da aminci a kowane mataki.
Kammalawa
Tsayin jirgin sama ba wai kawai daki-daki ne na fasaha ba - shine tushen aminci da ingantaccen jirgin sama. Daga fahimtar nau'ikan tsayi daban-daban zuwa kewaya ƙalubalen kamar tashin hankali da babban yanayi, ƙwarewar tsayi yana da mahimmanci ga kowane matukin jirgi.
Ga masu sha'awar jirgin sama, koyo game da tsayi yana ba da ƙarin godiya ga abin da ke faruwa a sama da gajimare. Yana ba da haske game da sarƙaƙƙiya da daidaiton da ake buƙata don kiyaye zirga-zirgar jiragen sama cikin santsi da aminci.
Amma wannan yanki ɗaya ne kawai na wasan wasa na jirgin sama. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da za a bincika, daga tsarin kewayawa zuwa tasirin yanayi da ƙari. Ko kai matukin jirgi ne, dalibi, ko mai son sani kawai, ci gaba da nutsewa cikin waɗannan ra'ayoyin.
sararin sama yana da faɗi, kuma koyaushe akwai ƙarin abin koyo.
Tuntuɓi Tawagar Ilimin Jirgin Sama na Florida Flyers a yau a (904) 209-3510 don ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake yin canjin lasisin matukin jirgi na ƙasashen waje a cikin matakai 4.
