Wadanne gwaje-gwaje kuke yi don zama matukin jirgi?
Tafiya zuwa zama matukin jirgi abu ne mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. A kan hanyar, masu neman jirgin dole ne su kewaya jerin nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi da aka tsara don kimanta iliminsu, ƙwarewarsu, da shirye-shiryensu na sararin sama.
Waɗannan kimantawa sun zo ta nau'i-nau'i da yawa: gwaje-gwajen rubuce-rubuce, jarrabawar ilimin kwamfuta, kimantawa na baka, da gwaje-gwajen jirgin sama. Wasu rajistan shiga ne na yau da kullun tare da mai koyar da ku, yayin da wasu ƙima ne na hukuma wanda Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya (Federal Aviation Administration) ke gudanarwa (FAA) mai jarrabawa.
Ba tare da la'akari da tsarin su ba, kowane kimantawa muhimmin ci gaba ne. Suna nuna ba wai kawai sadaukarwar ku don karatu da sanin ƙa'idodin jirgin sama ba har ma da sadaukarwar malaminku don nasarar ku. Ɗaukar waɗannan gwaje-gwajen da mahimmanci yana tabbatar da cewa za ku fito a matsayin ƙwararren matukin jirgi, mai ƙarfin zuciya, da aminci.
A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu bincika nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi da za ku ci karo da su a kan tafiyarku, tare da ba da shawarwari da fahimta don taimaka muku shirya da haɓaka.
Duban mataki: Mahimmanci na yau da kullun a Horarwar matukin jirgi
Yayin da kuke ci gaba ta hanyar horonku, za ku ci karo da matakan bincike-bincike na yau da kullun da aka tsara don tantance ci gaban ku da gano wuraren da za a inganta. Waɗannan cak ɗin wani mahimmin ɓangaren nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi ne da za ku fuskanta, duk da cewa ba FAA ta gudanar da su ba.
Binciken mataki yana aiki azaman ci gaba, yana tabbatar da cewa kun shirya don ci gaba a cikin horonku. Misali, kuna iya samun duban mataki kafin ku jirgin farko solo ko tsakiyar hanya ta hanyar horar da kayan aiki don tabbatar da cewa kuna kan hanya. Waɗannan kimantawa suna da ma'ana, suna ba da ra'ayi mai mahimmanci ga ku da malamin ku don daidaita tsarin horonku.
Yayin da matakan bincike ba na yau da kullun ba ne, ba su da mahimmanci. Shigar da su yana nuna shirye-shiryenku don mataki na gaba na horo kuma yana ƙarfafa kwarin gwiwa ga na yau da kullun Jarabawar FAA gaba.
Gwajin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa na FAA: Babban Babban Matsayinku na Farko
Tafiya zuwa zama matukin jirgi ya ƙunshi nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi da yawa, kuma ƙimar farko ta tilas ta zo a lokacin matakin lasisin matukin jirgi. Duk da yake har yanzu ba na yau da kullun ba, FAA na buƙatar duk matukin jirgi na ɗalibai su wuce a gwajin ilimin pre-solo kafin tashinsu na farko solo.
Wannan gwajin, yawanci a rubuce, yana kimanta fahimtar ku na ilimin kimiyyar sararin samaniya. Batutuwa sun hada da tsarin jirgin sama, Halayen jirgin, gazawar aiki, ƙa'idodi, yanayi, tsarin zirga-zirga, da karkatar da filin jirgin sama. Waɗannan batutuwan suna tabbatar da cewa kun shirya don sarrafa jirgin lafiya kuma ku yanke shawara mai fa'ida yayin tafiya kaɗai.
Bayan kammala gwajin, malaminku zai duba duk wani amsoshi da ba daidai ba tare da ku. Duk da yake babu fasfo na hukuma ko gazawar maki, malamin ku zai tantance ko kun shirya don jirgin solo ko kuma idan ana buƙatar ƙarin horo.
Gwajin ilimin pre-solo bai wuce kawai tsari ba - mataki ne mai mahimmanci don haɓaka kwarin gwiwa da ƙwarewar ku a matsayin matukin jirgi. Ta hanyar ƙware waɗannan mahimman abubuwan, za ku aza harsashin nasara a kimantawa na gaba da aikin ku na jirgin sama.
Gwajin Ilimi na FAA Airmen: Mahimman Mataki a cikin Takaddun shaida
Yayin da kuke ci gaba ta hanyar horar da matukin jirgi, zaku haɗu da ɗayan mafi mahimmanci nau'ikan gwajin gwaji: Gwajin Ilimi na FAA Airmen. Ana buƙatar wannan jarrabawar na yau da kullun, ta kwamfuta don ƙima daban-daban, gami da matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa, kayan aiki, kasuwanci, mai koyar da jirgi, da matuƙin jirgin sama.
Ana gudanar da su a wuraren gwaji da aka keɓe, ana kiran waɗannan jarrabawar a matsayin “rubuta.” Suna tantance ilimin ku na jirgin sama da ƙwarewar ku musamman ga ƙimar da kuke nema. Gwaje-gwajen zabi ne da yawa, kuma ba a yarda da bayanin kula yayin jarrabawar. Koyaya, a wasu lokuta, kuna iya amfani da kwamfutar jirgin sama mai zaman kanta ko kalkuleta—ko da yake wayoyi da allunan an hana su sosai.
Don wucewa, kuna buƙatar maki na Kashi 70% ko sama da haka. Duk da yake ba dole ba ne, ɗalibai da yawa suna ganin cewa kammala karatun gida yana inganta aikinsu sosai. Waɗannan darussa sukan haɗa da gwaje-gwajen aiki, waɗanda ke taimakawa ƙarfafa kayan da haɓaka kwarin gwiwa kafin ainihin jarrabawar.
Gwajin Ilimi na FAA Airmen ya wuce cikas kawai - dama ce don nuna fahimtar ku game da mahimman ra'ayoyi da shirya don jarrabawar aiki. Ta hanyar tunkararsa da himma da shiri, zaku saita kanku don samun nasara a cikin aikin ku na jirgin sama.
Gwajin Aiki (Checkride): Ƙimar Ƙarshe
Gwajin aiki, ko dubawa, shine na ƙarshe kuma mafi girman nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi da zaku ci karo da su. Mai jarrabawar FAA ne ya gudanar da shi, kimantawa kashi biyu ne wanda ya haɗu da jarrabawar baka da kuma gwajin jirgin sama don tantance shirye-shiryen ku don ƙimar da kuke bi.
Jarrabawar Baka: Gwajin Ilimin ku
Binciken yana farawa da kimantawa na baka, inda mai jarrabawar yayi bitar Ka'idodin Takaddun Shaida na Airman (ACS) kuma ya tattauna tsammanin gwajin. Wannan shine damar ku don nuna fahimtar ku game da batutuwa masu mahimmanci, daga tsarin jirgin sama zuwa hanyoyin gaggawa.
Mai jarrabawar zai yi amfani da tambayoyin tushen yanayi don kimanta ƙwarewar yanke shawara. Misali, ana iya tambayar ku yadda za ku iya magance gazawar injin yayin tashin jirgin ko kewaya cikin yanayin da ba ku zata ba. Wannan ɓangaren yana tabbatar da cewa ba kawai haddar bayanai bane amma kuna iya amfani da ilimin ku a cikin yanayi na zahiri.
Gwajin Jirgin: Tabbatar da Ƙwarewar ku
Da zarar kun ci jarrabawar baka, lokaci ya yi da za ku shiga sararin sama. Gwajin jirgin yana kimanta ikon ku na sarrafa jirgin lafiya kuma cikin ma'auni na ACS. Mai jarrabawar zai lura da kowane mataki, tun daga binciken farko zuwa hanyoyin bayan tashi.
ga mai zaman kansa matukin jirgi checkride, za ku yi motsi na yau da kullun, tashi, saukowa, da hanyoyin gaggawa. The kayan aiki rating checkride yana mai da hankali kan daidaito, yana buƙatar ku nuna kewayawa kayan aiki, riƙon ƙira, da hanyoyi daban-daban. Binciken matukin jirgi na kasuwanci yana ƙara ɗaga barga, yana buƙatar ƙarin juriya da dabarun ci gaba.
Babban Jigon Tafiyar Jirgin Sama
Nasarar kammala binciken binciken lokaci ne na alfahari da nasara. Mai jarrabawar zai ba da takaddun shaida na wucin gadi, yana ba ku damar yin amfani da gata na sabon ƙimar ku. Yayin da tsarin zai iya zama mai tsanani, cikakken shiri da fahimtar fahimtar ACS zai taimake ka ka yi fice.
Binciken binciken ya wuce gwaji kawai-yana tabbatar da aiki tuƙuru da wani muhimmin mataki a cikin aikin jirgin sama. A matsayin ɗayan mafi mahimmancin nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi, yana nuna alamar canjin ku daga ɗalibi zuwa ƙwararren matukin jirgi.
Nau'in Gwajin matukin jirgi: Nasihu don wucewa tare da Amincewa
Cire nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi na buƙatar fiye da ilimi kawai-yana buƙatar dabara, shiri, da nutsuwar tunani. Ga wasu shawarwari don taimaka muku yin nasara:
Fahimtar Tsarin Gwajin: Kowane nau'in gwajin matukin jirgi yana da tsari na musamman. Misali, Gwajin Ilimin Jirgin Sama na FAA na zaɓi ne da yawa kuma na tushen kwamfuta, yayin da abin dubawa ya haɗa gwajin baka da gwajin jirgi. Sanin kanku da tsari da buƙatun kowane gwaji don guje wa abubuwan mamaki.
Yi Nazarin Matsayin Takaddun Shaida na Airman (ACS): ACS ta zayyana ilimi da basirar da za a gwada ku. Yi amfani da shi azaman taswirar ku don shiri. Mayar da hankali kan wuraren da ba ku da kwarin gwiwa, kuma ku yi aiki har sai kun gamsu da kowane aiki.
Yi Amfani da Kayayyakin Nazari Masu Inganci: Saka hannun jari a cikin shahararrun jagororin karatu, darussan kan layi, da gwaje-gwajen aiki. Yawancin albarkatu, kamar su Littafin Jagora na Ilimin Jirgin Sama da darussan share fage na FAA da aka amince da su, an keɓance su da takamaiman nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi.
Ayyuka, Ayyuka, Ayyuka: Don rubuce-rubucen gwaje-gwaje, ɗauki gwaje-gwajen aiki da yawa don gano wurare masu rauni. Don tafiye-tafiye, kwaikwayi jarrabawar baka tare da mai koyar da ku kuma ku aiwatar da motsi har sai sun kasance yanayi na biyu.
Kasance Cikin Matsi: Ranar gwaji na iya zama mai damuwa, amma kasancewa cikin nutsuwa shine mabuɗin. Yi amfani da dabarun shakatawa kamar numfashi mai zurfi, kuma ku tuna cewa mai binciken yana son ku yi nasara.
Koyi Daga Kurakurai: Idan ba ku ci jarrabawa ba a gwajin farko, kada ku karaya. Yi bitar kurakuran ku, nemi amsa, kuma kuyi amfani da gogewar don ingantawa.
Ta bin waɗannan shawarwari, za ku kasance cikin shiri da kyau don magance nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi da cimma burin ku na jirgin sama.
Menene Bambance-banbancen Lasisin Pilot da Takaddun shaida?
Masana'antar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama tana ba da lasisi iri-iri da takaddun shaida, kowanne an tsara shi don dacewa da burin aikinku da burin tashi. Ga rarrabuwar kawuna mafi yawan nau'ikan:
Dalibin Jirgin Sama
Takaddun gwajin gwaji na Student shine matakin farko na ku na jirgin sama. Yana ba ku damar tashi solo a ƙarƙashin kulawar wani ƙwararren malamin jirgi (CFI). Don samun wannan takardar shaidar, kuna buƙatar biyan buƙatun cancanta na asali, kamar shekaru da lafiyar lafiyar jiki.
Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL)
The Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL) shine lasisin matakin shigarwa na gama gari. Yana ba ku damar tashi jirgin sama mai injin guda don amfanin kanku, amma ba don diyya ba. Don samun PPL, kuna buƙatar ci gaba da rubutaccen jarrabawa, gwaji mai amfani (checkride), da kuma shiga mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i 40 na jirgin sama.
Ƙimar Instrument (IR)
Ƙimar Instrument (IR) tana ba ku damar tashi a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin jirgin sama (IFR), ma'ana kuna iya kewayawa cikin ƙananan yanayin gani ta amfani da kayan aikin jirgin kawai. Wannan ƙima yana da mahimmanci ga matukan jirgi waɗanda ke son tashi a yanayi daban-daban ko kuma bin takaddun shaida.
Lasisin Pilot Kasuwanci (CPL)
The Lasisin Pilot Kasuwanci (CPL) yana ba ku damar tashi sama don biyan diyya ko haya. Yana buƙatar ƙarin horo na ci gaba, gami da hadaddun motsa jiki da tashi da dare. Don cancanta, kuna buƙatar aƙalla sa'o'in jirgin sama 250 kuma dole ne ku wuce ƙaƙƙarfan bincike.
Ƙwararrun Malamin Jirgin Sama (CFI)
Takaddar Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) tana ba ku damar koya wa wasu yadda ake tashi. Shahararriyar hanya ce don gina sa'o'in tashi sama da samun gogewa yayin taimaka wa matukin jirgi su cimma burinsu.
Lasin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Sama (ATPL)
The Lasin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Sama (ATPL) shine mafi girman matakin takardar shedar matukin jirgi. Ana buƙatar shugabannin kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasuwanci kuma suna buƙatar horo mai yawa, gami da sa'o'in tashi sama 1,500 da ingantaccen ilimin tsarin jirgin sama da ƙa'idodi.
Ƙarin Ƙididdiga da Ƙarfafawa
Bayan waɗannan ainihin lasisi, matukin jirgi na iya bin ƙarin ƙididdiga, kamar:
- Ƙimar Multi-Injini: Yana ba ku damar tashi jirgin sama da injin sama da ɗaya.
- Rating na Jirgin Ruwa: Yana ba ku tabbacin sarrafa jiragen ruwa.
- Yarda da Tailwheel: Yana ba ku izinin tashi jirgin saman wutsiya.
Kowane lasisi da takaddun shaida suna buɗe sabbin damammaki, daga wasan motsa jiki na nishaɗi zuwa sana'a a jirgin sama na kasuwanci. Ta hanyar fahimtar zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, zaku iya tsara kwas ɗin da ta dace da burin ku da sha'awar ku.
Kammalawa
Tafiya zuwa zama matukin jirgi na cike da ƙalubale, abubuwan ci gaba, da dama don haɓakawa. Tun daga farkon takardar shaidar matukin jirgi na ɗalibi zuwa babban lasisin tukin jirgin sama (ATPL), kowane mataki yana kawo muku kusanci don cimma burin ku na jirgin sama.
Fahimtar nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi da lasisi iri-iri da takaddun shaida da ake da su suna da mahimmanci don kewaya wannan hanyar cikin nasara. Ko kuna nufin tashi sama da nishaɗi ko kuma neman sana'a a jirgin sama na kasuwanci, cikakken shiri da jajircewar koyo za su sa ku cimma nasara.
Ka tuna, kowane matukin jirgi yana farawa ne a matsayin ɗalibi. Tare da sadaukarwa, aiki, da jagorar da ta dace, zaku iya hawa zuwa sabon matsayi. Don haka, ɗauki mataki na farko, rungumi ƙalubalen, kuma bari sha'awar ku ta tashi ta jagorance ku.
Kuna shirye don cin nasara nau'ikan gwaje-gwajen matukin jirgi kuma ku sami fuka-fukan ku? A Florida Flyers Flight Academy, Muna ba da horo na duniya don taimaka muku wajen yin kowane jarrabawa-daga rubutaccen gwaje-gwaje zuwa gwaje-gwaje.
Tuntuɓi Tawagar Ilimin Jirgin Sama na Florida Flyers a yau a (904) 209-3510 don ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake yin canjin lasisin matukin jirgi na ƙasashen waje a cikin matakai 4.
