Tashin jirgin sama fasaha ce mai ban sha'awa kuma mai lada, amma tana buƙatar takaddun shaida don tabbatar da aminci da bin ka'idojin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama.
Lasisin matukin jirgi takaddun shaida ne na hukuma wanda ke baiwa daidaikun mutane ikon sarrafa jirgin sama bisa matakin horo da gogewarsu. Ko tashi don jin daɗi na sirri ko kuma neman ƙwararrun aikin jirgin sama, samun lasisin da ya dace yana da mahimmanci.
Akwai nau'ikan lasisin matukin jirgi daban-daban don ɗaukar matakai daban-daban na ƙwarewar tashi, tun daga masu farawa zuwa kyaftin na jirgin sama. Hukumomin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a duk duniya ne ke ba da kuma sarrafa waɗannan lasisi, gami da:
- Gwamnatin Tarayya (Federal Aviation Administration)FAA) - Amurka
- Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayyar TuraiEASA) - Turai
- Darakta Janar na Hukumar Jiragen Sama (DGCA) - Indiya
- Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta MasarECAA) - Masar
- Babban Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama (GACA) - Saudiyya
Kowace hukumar jirgin sama tana da nata buƙatun lasisi, wanda ya haɗa da cancanta, sa'o'in horo, gwaje-gwaje, da lafiyar lafiyar jiki. Zaɓin lasisin matukin jirgi da ya dace ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa, gami da burin aiki, nau'in jirgin da za a sarrafa, da gatan da aka yi niyya.
Wannan jagorar tana ba da cikakken nazari akan nau'ikan lasisin matukin jirgi daban-daban, buƙatun su, gatansu, da kuma damar aiki. Ko kai mafari ne mai binciken jirgin sama ko ƙwararre mai haɓaka aikinka, fahimtar waɗannan lasisi shine matakin farko na cimma burin ku na tashi.
Fahimtar Lasisin Pilot
Lasisin matukin jirgi takardar shaida ce a hukumance da hukumomin sufurin jiragen sama suka bayar wanda ke baiwa daidaikun mutane haƙƙin sarrafa jirgin sama. Ya zama shaida cewa matukin jirgi ya sami horon da ya dace, ya cika buƙatun gogewa, kuma ya nuna ikon yin tashi cikin aminci. Ya danganta da nau'in lasisi, ana iya iyakance matukin jirgi zuwa shawagi na nishaɗi, ayyukan kasuwanci, ko ayyukan sufurin jirgin sama.
Manufar lasisin tukin jirgi daban-daban
An tsara lasisin matukin jirgi don dacewa da matakan ƙwarewa daban-daban da hanyoyin aiki. Wasu an yi su ne don masu farawa da masu sha'awar sha'awa, yayin da wasu ke mayar da hankali kan ƙwararrun sana'o'in jiragen sama. Babban dalilai na samun lasisin matukin jirgi sun haɗa da:
- Izinin Shari'a: Tabbatar da bin ka'idojin sufurin jiragen sama.
- Aminci da Ƙwarewa: Tabbatar da cewa matukin jirgi yana da ƙwarewa da ilimin sarrafa jirgin cikin aminci.
- Ci gaban Ma'aikata: Yin hidima a matsayin sharadi na kasuwanci da ayyukan matukin jirgi.
- Halayen Jirgin sama: Ƙayyade irin nau'in jirgin da matukin jirgi zai iya tashi da kuma a waɗanne yanayi (misali, solo, multi-inji, tashi da dare).
Lasisin matukin jirgi vs. Takaddun shaida vs. Ratings
Masana'antar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na amfani da kalmomi daban-daban da suka danganci cancantar matukin jirgi, wanda wani lokaci kan iya daurewa. Ga yadda suka bambanta:
- Lasisin matukin jirgi: Daftarin aiki na yau da kullun wanda ke ba da izinin doka don sarrafa jirgin sama (misali, Lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa, Lasisin matukin jirgi na Kasuwanci).
- Takaddun shaida: Faɗin lokaci wanda zai iya haɗawa da lasisi da yarda da ke tabbatar da cancantar matukin jirgi. Misali, a Ƙwararrun Malamin Jirgin Sama (CFI) takaddun shaida ce da ke ba matukin jirgi damar koyar da wasu.
- Rating: Ƙarin cancantar da aka ƙara zuwa lasisi, ƙyale matukin jirgi ya yi aiki da takamaiman nau'ikan jirgin sama ko a wasu yanayi (misali, Ƙimar Multi-Injini, Rimar kayan aiki).
Fahimtar waɗannan bambance-bambance yana da mahimmanci yayin zagaya hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin jirgin sama. Sashe na gaba zai bincika nau'ikan lasisin matukin jirgi daban-daban, abubuwan da suke buƙata, da kuma damar aikinsu.
Nau'o'in lasisin matukin jirgi daban-daban
Lasisin matukin jirgi ya bambanta bisa matakin horo, nau'in jirgin sama, da ayyukan jirgin da aka yi niyya. Wasu an ƙera su don tashi sama na nishaɗi, yayin da wasu ke kaiwa ga ƙwararrun sana'o'i. A ƙasa akwai zurfafan kallo akan nau'ikan lasisin matukin jirgi daban-daban, buƙatun su, da kuma haƙƙin sana'a.
Lasisin matukin jirgi na dalibi (SPL)
A Lasisin matukin jirgi na dalibi (SPL) shine mataki na farko ga daidaikun mutane da suka fara horar da jirgin. Yana ba da damar matukan jirgi na ɗalibai su tashi a ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙwararrun malami kuma, a wasu lokuta, solo bayan cika takamaiman buƙatu.
Cancanci & Bukatu:
- Mafi ƙarancin shekaru: 16-17 shekaru (ya bambanta da ƙasa).
- Dole ne ya wuce a karatun likita (Aji na 2 ko makamancin haka).
- Shiga makarantar jirgin sama da aka sani kamar Florida Flyers Flight Academy.
Gata & Iyakance:
- Yana iya tashi kawai ƙarƙashin kulawar malami.
- Zai iya gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da zarar malami ya amince da shi.
- Ba za a iya ɗaukar fasinjoji ko tashi kasuwanci ba.
Da zarar ɗalibai sun kammala sa'o'in jirgin da suka wajaba kuma suka wuce ƙima na asali, za su iya haɓaka zuwa a Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL).
Lasisin matukin jirgi na nishaɗi (RPL) (Ostiraliya da Kanada kawai)
Lasisin matukin jirgi na Nishaɗi (RPL) don matukin jirgi ne masu sha'awar sha'awa waɗanda ke son sauƙaƙan madadin PPL. Yana buƙatar ƴan sa'o'in horo amma ya zo tare da ƙayyadaddun iyaka.
Masu riƙe RPL na iya tashi jirgin sama mara nauyi don amfanin sirri a cikin sararin samaniyar gida amma ba zai iya tashi da daddare, a cikin mummunan yanayi, ko na duniya.
Mabuɗin Bambanci Tsakanin RPL & PPL:
| Feature | RPL | PPL |
|---|---|---|
| Ana Bukatar Sa'o'in Jirgin Sama | ~ 25 hours | 40-50 sa'o'i |
| Dauke Fasinja | Iyakance (1-2 max) | An halatta |
| Flying International | A'a | A |
| Yawo Dare | A'a | A |
| Hanyar Kulawa | Ba a cancanci horon kasuwanci ba | Za a iya ci gaba zuwa CPL |
Yayin da RPL ya isa don tashi sama, waɗanda ke neman babban gata ko aikin matukin jirgi ya kamata su yi nufin samun Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL).
Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL)
Lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa (PPL) shine lasisin matakin shigarwa na gama gari ga daidaikun mutane waɗanda ke son tashi don dalilai na sirri da na nishaɗi. Tana baiwa matukan jirgi ‘yancin sarrafa jirgin sama mai injin guda daya, da daukar fasinjoji, da kuma balaguro zuwa kasashen duniya, amma hakan baya basu damar tashi don kasuwanci.
bukatun
Don samun PPL, masu neman matukin jirgi dole ne su cika ka'idoji masu zuwa:
- Mafi qarancin Shekaru: Shekaru 17 (ya bambanta da ƙasa).
- Takaddar Likita: Akalla takardar shaidar likita ta Class 2 don tabbatar da dacewa da tashi.
- Horon Jirgin: Kammalawa na Awanni 40-50 na tashi, gami da solo da ƙetaren ƙasa (bukatun sun bambanta da hukumar jirgin sama).
Jarrabawar Rubuce-rubuce & Aiki:
- Ci gaba da jarrabawar ilimin kimiyya sararin samaniya, kewayawa, dokar iska, da yanayin yanayi.
- Nasarar kammala a dubawa (gwajin jirgi mai amfani) tare da mai dubawa.
Gata & Iyakance
- Zai iya tashi jirgin sama mai injin guda don amfanin kansa.
- Zai iya ɗaukar fasinjoji, gami da dangi da abokai.
- Zai iya tashi zuwa ƙasashen duniya, muddin dokokin ƙasar da za su nufa suka ba shi damar.
- Ba za a iya samun kuɗi ta hanyar tashi ba (babu ayyukan kasuwanci).
- Iyakance ga dokokin jirgin gani (VFR), sai dai idan an sami ƙimar kayan aiki.
Masu riƙe PPL za su iya samun kuɗi?
A'a, PPL ta tsaya don amfanin da ba na kasuwanci ba. Matukin jirgin da ke son tashi da fasaha ko kuma a biya su diyya na ayyukan tukin jirgin dole ne su haɓaka zuwa Lasisin Pilot Commercial (CPL).
Lasisin Pilot Kasuwanci (CPL)
Lasisin matukin jirgi na Kasuwanci (CPL) shine mataki na gaba ga matukan jirgin da ke son tashi da fasaha da samun kuɗi daga jirgin sama. Yana bawa matukan jirgi damar yin aiki a ayyukan haya, daukar hoto na iska, jigilar kaya, da kuma masu koyar da jirgin. CPL kuma ita ce matakin tukin jirgin sama (ATPL), wanda ake buƙata don ayyukan jirgin sama.
Bukatun horo
Don samun cancantar CPL, matukin jirgi dole ne su cika:
- Mafi qarancin Shekaru: 18 shekaru.
- Takaddar Likita: Class 1 takardar shaidar likita, wanda ke da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin kiwon lafiya fiye da na Likitan Class 2.
Kwarewar Jirgin Sama:
- Awanni 200-250 na tashi (ya bambanta ta hukumar jiragen sama).
- Jirgin sama na dare, kewaya ƙasa, da ci-gaba da motsa jiki.
Jarrabawar Rubuce-rubuce & Aiki:
- Shiga jarrabawar ka'idar CPL akan ayyukan jirgin sama, yanayin yanayi, dokar iska, da abubuwan ɗan adam.
- Nasarar kammala aikin gwajin jirgin sama (checkride).
Akwai Ayyuka tare da CPL
CPL tana ba da damar biyan ma'aikatan jirgin don ƙwarewar tashi a cikin ayyuka daban-daban, gami da:
- Matukin jirgi Charter – Yawo masu zaman kansu abokan ciniki a kan kananan jiragen sama.
- Pilot mai kaya - jigilar kayayyaki ga kamfanonin dabaru.
- Malamin Jirgin Sama - Koyar da sabbin matukan jirgi (yana buƙatar ƙwararrun Malaman Jirgin Sama (CFI).
- Binciken Jirgin Sama & Matukin Hoto - Yawo don taswira, daukar hoto, ko feshin aikin gona.
Lasisin matukin jirgi: CPL vs. ATPL – Menene Bambancin?
| Feature | CPL | ATPL |
|---|---|---|
| Ƙarshen shekarun | 18 | 21 |
| Ana Bukatar Sa'o'in Jirgin Sama | 200-250 | 1,500 + |
| Cancantar Aiki | Yarjejeniya, kaya, malami | Airline first officer & captain |
| Ci gaban Ma'aikata | Za a iya haɓakawa zuwa ATPL | Da ake buƙata don matsayin kyaftin na jirgin sama |
Mai riƙe da CPL zai iya aiki a matsayin matukin jirgi, amma don ba da umarnin manyan jiragen fasinja, dole ne su haɓaka zuwa ATPL.
Lasin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Sama (ATPL)
Lasisi na Tukin Jirgin Sama (ATPL) shine matakin mafi girma na takaddun shaidar matukin jirgi, wanda ake buƙata don matukan jirgi suyi aiki a matsayin kyaftin a kan jiragen sama na kasuwanci. Wannan lasisin yana wakiltar kololuwar horarwar ƙwararrun jirgin sama kuma ta cancanci matukan jirgi don yin odar manyan jiragen sama don kamfanonin jiragen sama a duk duniya.
Ƙananan Sa'o'in Jirgin Sama & Babba Horo
Don samun ATPL, matukin jirgi dole ne su kammala:
- Mafi qarancin Shekaru: 21 shekaru.
- Takaddar Likita: Takaddun shaida na likita na Class 1, wanda ya dace da mafi girman matsayin lafiyar jirgin sama.
Kwarewar Jirgin Sama:
- Akalla jimlar sa'o'in jirgin sama 1,500 (Mizanin FAA; ya bambanta ta ƙasa).
- Kwarewa a cikin ƙetare, tashi da dare, da ayyukan jirage masu injuna da yawa.
Gwaje-gwaje & Dubawa:
- Buga jarrabawar ka'idar da ta shafi ci-gaba aerodynamics, ayyukan jirgin sama, shirin jirgin, da hanyoyin gaggawa.
- Nasarar kammala binciken ATPL (gwajin jirgin sama mai aiki).
ATPL (Daskararre) vs. ATPL (Ba a daskarewa)
| Feature | ATPL (Daskararre) | ATPL (Ba a daskarewa) |
|---|---|---|
| Lokacin Jirgin | Kadan da 1,500 | 1,500 + |
| Cancantar Aiki | Jami'in Farko (Co-pilot) | Captain |
| An Kammala Horowa | Duk jarrabawar ka'idar ATPL ta wuce | Cikakkun buƙatun gwaninta na ATPL + sun cika |
| Za a iya aiki a matsayin Kyaftin? | A'a | A |
A Frozen ATPL yana nufin matuƙin jirgin ya ci duk jarrabawar da ake buƙata amma bai kai awoyi 1,500 na jirgin ba tukuna. Za su iya aiki a matsayin Jami'in Farko (Co-pilot) na jirgin sama. Da zarar sun kammala lokacin da ake buƙata na lokacin jirgin, ATPL ya zama Unfrozen, yana ba su damar yin aiki a matsayin kyaftin.
Damar Sana'a & Tsammanin Albashi
Tare da ATPL, matukan jirgi za su iya ci gaba zuwa manyan kamfanonin jirgin sama masu biyan kuɗi, gami da:
Kyaftin jirgin – Matsayin matukin jirgi mafi girma wanda ke ba da umarnin jiragen kasuwanci.
Matukin Jirgin Sama na Cargo - Gudanar da jiragen sama don kamfanonin dabaru.
Kamfanin Jet Captain - Jirgin sama masu zaman kansu masu tashi don masu zartarwa da abokan ciniki na VIP.
Manajan Ayyuka na Jirgin - Gudanar da jadawalin jirgin sama da ma'aikatan jirgin.
Tsammanin Albashi:
- Jami'in Farko: $50,000 - $100,000 kowace shekara (ya bambanta ta hanyar jirgin sama da gogewa).
- Kyaftin (Ba a daskarewa ATPL): $120,000 - $300,000+ kowace shekara a manyan kamfanonin jiragen sama.
ATPL yana da mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke son yin dogon lokaci a cikin ayyukan jirgin sama, suna ba da ƙarin albashi da kwanciyar hankali.
Lasisi Pilot Sport (SPL) - Amurka kawai
Lasisi na Pilot Sport (SPL) takardar shaida ce mai sauƙi da sauƙi ga matukin jirgi waɗanda ke son tashi jirgin sama mai haske (LSA) don dalilai na nishaɗi. Yana da kyakkyawan zaɓi ga waɗanda ke son tashi ba tare da ɗimbin horo da buƙatun likitanci na Lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa (PPL).
Don wane ne?
An tsara SPL don:
- Matukin jirgi na nishaɗi waɗanda ke son hanya mai sauƙi da araha don tashi.
- Matukin jirgi waɗanda ba sa son yin cikakken gwajin likita (tabbatacciyar lasisin tuƙin Amurka ya isa).
- Wadanda suke shirin tashi kawai a cikin yanayi mai haske da kuma lokacin hasken rana.
Bukatun horo & Iyakance
- Ana Bukatar Lokacin Jirgin: Mafi ƙarancin sa'o'i 20 na horon jirgin (idan aka kwatanta da 40-50 don PPL).
- Bukatun Jakadancin: Babu takardar shaidar likita ta FAA da ake buƙata (cikakken lasisin tuƙi ya isa).
Iyakan Jirgin Sama:
- Yana iya tashi jirgin sama mai haske-wasanni (LSA).
- Mafi girman jirgin sama mai kujeru biyu (matukin jirgi + fasinja ɗaya).
- Iyakance zuwa ƙananan jiragen sama (max 120 knots).
Ƙuntatawar Aiki:
- Yawo da rana kawai (babu tashi da dare).
- Babu jiragen sama a sararin samaniya mai sarrafawa (Filin jirgin saman B, C, ko D) ba tare da ƙarin horo ba.
- Babu jirage na duniya.
Bambance-bambance Tsakanin SPL da PPL
| Feature | Lasisi na Pilot Sport (SPL) | Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL) |
|---|---|---|
| Ana Bukatar Sa'o'in Jirgin Sama | 20 | 40-50 |
| Ana Bukatar Jarrabawar Lafiya | A'a (lasisin direba ya isa) | Ee (Likitan aji 2 ko makamancinsa) |
| Nau'in jirgin sama | Jirgin wasan motsa jiki (LSA) | Jirgin sama guda daya |
| Iyakar Fasinja | 1 | Babu saita iyaka |
| Yawo Dare | A'a | A |
| Jiragen Sama na Duniya | A'a | A |
Yayin da SPL ya fi arha da sauƙin samu, yana da hani mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da PPL. Matukin jirgi da ke neman ƙarin sassauci, gata na tashi da dare, da jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa yakamata suyi la'akari da lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa maimakon.
Lasin Malamin Jirgin Sama (CFI/CFII)
Lasisin Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) yana ba ƙwararrun matukan jirgi damar koyar da matukin jirgi na ɗalibi, yana ba su horon jirgi mai mahimmanci. Kasancewa mai koyar da jirgin sama yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da matukin jirgi na kasuwanci ke amfani da su don samun sa'o'in tashi sama yayin samun kuɗin shiga kafin ƙaura zuwa ayyukan jiragen sama.
Zama Certified Flight Instructor (CFI)
Don zama CFI, matukin jirgi dole ne:
- Riƙe Lasisin Pilot na Kasuwanci (CPL) ko sama.
- Sami Takaddar Jagoran Jirgin ta hanyar wucewa rubuce-rubuce, na baka, da jarrabawar jirgin sama.
- Samun aƙalla na jimlar sa'o'in jirgin sama 250 (ya bambanta ta ƙasa).
- Nuna ƙwarewar koyarwa da ikon jagoranci ɗalibai.
Ga waɗanda suke so su koyar da jirgin na kayan aiki, ana buƙatar ƙarin Ƙimar Instrument Instrument - Instrument (CFII).
Koyar da Wasu & Samun Kwarewar Jirgin Sama
- Masu koyar da CFI suna horar da matukin jirgi na ɗalibi da ke aiki zuwa ga SPL, PPL, ko CPL.
- CFIs suna samun sa'o'in jirgin sama masu mahimmanci yayin aiki a cikin jirgin sama.
- Yawancin ma'aikatan jirgin sama masu burin zama masu koyar da jirgin don haɓaka ƙwarewa cikin sauri.
Hanyar zuwa Tara Sa'o'i don Ayyukan Jirgin Sama
| Mataki | da ake bukata | Ana Bukatar Awanni |
|---|---|---|
| Pilot Commercial (CPL) | Ayyuka na tashi na kasuwanci na asali | 250 + |
| Malamin Jirgin Sama (CFI) | Koyawa dalibai matukan jirgi | 250-1,500 |
| Matukin Jirgin Jirgin Sama (ATPL) | Cancantar matsayin jirgin sama | 1,500 + |
Kasancewar CFI yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi sauri kuma mafi inganci hanyoyin don isa ga buƙatun ATPL na sa'o'i 1,500, yana mai da shi muhimmin mataki ga matukan jirgin da ke da niyyar tashi zuwa jiragen sama.
Lasisin Pilot Multi-Crew (MPL)
Lasisi Multi-Crew Pilot (MPL) shiri ne na horar da jirgin sama mai sauri wanda ke ɗaukar matukin jirgi kai tsaye daga horon farko zuwa matsayi na Farko (co-pilot) tare da jirgin sama. Ba kamar hanyar gargajiya ta CPL-ATPL ba, MPL tana mai da hankali sosai kan horarwar tushen na'urar kwaikwayo da ayyukan ma'aikata da yawa.
Yadda MPL Ya bambanta da Hanyoyi na CPL na Gargajiya + ATPL
| Feature | MPL | CPL + ATPL |
|---|---|---|
| Mayar da hankali horo | Takamaiman kamfanin jirgin sama, ma'aikata da yawa | Ƙwarewar jirgin gabaɗaya, keɓe kai |
| Lokacin Jirgin | ~ 250 (musamman a cikin simulators) | 1,500 + |
| Matsayin Ayuba | Matsayin jirgin sama kai tsaye (Jami'in Farko) | Dole ne ya sami sa'o'i kafin amfani |
| Horon Jirgin Solo | Ƙananan | Kyawawan kwarewar jirgin solo |
Shirin na MPL ya tsallake tsarin tashi na solo na gargajiya kuma a maimakon haka yana horar da ɗalibai kai tsaye a cikin mahalli na jirgin sama ta amfani da na'urorin na'urar kwaikwayo ta jirgin sama.
Ribobi & Fursunoni na Horon MPL
- Hanya mafi sauri zuwa aikin jirgin sama (kaɗan kamar watanni 18).
- Kamfanin jirgin sama ya dauki nauyin a wasu lokuta, rage farashin horo.
- Ƙananan ƙwarewar jirgin sama idan aka kwatanta da masu riƙe CPL, iyakance sassauƙa a cikin wasu ayyukan jirgin sama.
- An ɗaure shi da takamaiman kamfanin jirgin sama, yana sa ya yi wahala canza ayyuka a farkon lokacin aiki.
MPL kyakkyawan zaɓi ne ga ɗaliban da suka tabbata suna son tashi don jirgin sama, amma ba shi da ƙwaƙƙwaran hanyar CPL-ATPL na gargajiya.
Lasisin matukin jirgi mai nisa (RPL) / Lasisin matukin jirgi mara matuki
Ana buƙatar lasisin matukin jirgi mai nisa (RPL), wanda kuma aka sani da lasisin tukin jirgi mara matuki, ga daidaikun mutane waɗanda ke son sarrafa jirage marasa matuki na kasuwanci don ayyuka kamar daukar hoto na iska, dubawa, da isarwa.
Dokoki Karkashin FAA Sashe na 107, EASA, da DGCA
- FAA (Amurka): Ana buƙatar cin jarrabawar Ilimi ta Sashe na 107.
- EASA (Turai): Dole ne matukan jirgi su sami Takaddun Takaddar Jirgin Ruwa na EU.
- DGCA (Indiya): Yana buƙatar kammala ingantaccen kwas ɗin horo mara matuƙa.
Damar Sana'a a cikin Titin Drone
Hoton iska & Bidiyo – Gidajen gidaje, yin fim, aikin jarida.
Binciken Masana'antu - Kayayyakin more rayuwa, gini, mai & iskar gas.
Bincike & Taswira – Noma, ci gaban kasa.
Sabis na Isar da Jirgin Sama - Amazon, jigilar kayan aikin likita.
Tare da masana'antar drone tana haɓaka cikin sauri, samun RPL takaddun shaida ne mai mahimmanci ga waɗanda ke sha'awar ayyukan jiragen sama a wajen tukin jirgin sama na gargajiya.
Lasisin matukin jirgi: Zaɓin Dama
Zaɓin madaidaicin lasisin matukin jirgi ya dogara da dalilai kamar burin aiki, farashin horo, da ƙaddamar da lokacin da ake buƙata. Yayin da wasu lasisin sun dace da wasan motsa jiki na nishaɗi, wasu suna da mahimmanci ga ƙwararrun matukan jirgi.
Abubuwan Lasisin matukin jirgi da za a yi la'akari da su
Burin aikin matukin jirgi na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zabar lasisi. Matukan motsa jiki na nishaɗi sukan fara da lasisin matukin jirgi na wasanni (SPL) ko lasisin matukin jirgi mai zaman kansa (PPL), yayin da waɗanda ke neman ƙwararrun sana'a suna buƙatar Lasisin Pilot Commercial (CPL) ko Lasisin Pilot Multi-Crew (MPL). Masu neman kyaftin na jirgin sama dole ne su sami lasisin tukin jirgin sama (ATPL).
Farashin horo kuma ya bambanta sosai. Lasin Pilot na Wasanni (SPL) na iya kashe tsakanin $5,000 da $10,000, yayin da cikakken shirin ATPL zai iya zuwa daga $80,000 zuwa $150,000. Tsawon lokacin horon ya dogara da nau'in lasisi, tare da kammala SPL a cikin 'yan watanni, yayin da horarwar ATPL na iya ɗaukar shekaru da yawa.
Lasisin matukin jirgi Wanne ya dace da Ayyukan Jirgin Jirgin ku?
| Hanyar Kulawa | Shawarwari lasisi |
|---|---|
| Hobby & Nishaɗi | PPL ko SPL |
| Pilot mai zaman kansa | PPL → CPL |
| Yarjejeniya ko Matukin Karya | CPL |
| Jami'in Farko na Jirgin Sama | CPL → ATPL (Frozen) ko MPL |
| Kyaftin jirgin | ATPL (Ba a daskarewa) |
| Drone Operator | Lasin matukin jirgi mai nisa (RPL) |
Za ku iya haɓaka daga Lasisi ɗaya zuwa Wani?
Ee, matukan jirgi na iya haɓaka lasisin matukin jirgi yayin da suke samun gogewa. Misali, mai riƙe da SPL zai iya horar da ƙarin horo don samun PPL, yayin da matukin CPL zai iya ci gaba zuwa ATPL bayan tara sa'o'in jirgin da ake buƙata. Bugu da ƙari, matukan jirgi na iya ƙara ƙima (kamar Multi-Engine ko Instrument Ratings) ko zama Certified Flight Instructors (CFI) don haɓaka ƙwarewa kafin ƙaura zuwa ayyukan jirgin sama.
Bukatun Lasisin matukin jirgi ta Yanki
Hukumomin sufurin jiragen sama a duk duniya suna tsara horon matukin jirgi, buƙatun likita, da mafi ƙarancin sa'o'in jirgin. A ƙasa akwai taƙaitaccen mahimman buƙatun lasisin matukin jirgi a yankuna daban-daban.
FAA (Amurka)
Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama ta Tarayya (FAA) tana kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Amurka, tana bayarwa part 61 (mai sassauci) kuma part 141 (tsarin) zaɓuɓɓukan horo.
Bukatun Jakadancin: Class 3 (PPL), Class 2 (CPL), Class 1 (ATPL).
Bukatun Sa'ar Jirgin Sama:
- PPL: 40 hours
- CPL: 250 hours
- ATPL: 1,500 hours
Matukin jirgi mara matuki dole ne ya samu Takaddun shaida na FAA Part 107 domin kasuwanci drone ayyukan.
EASA (Turai)
Hukumar Tsaron Jiragen Sama ta Tarayyar Turai (EASA) tana bin tsarin ba da lasisin da aka tsara. Matukin jirgi na iya ɗauka Hadakar or na zamani hanyoyin horo.
Bukatun Jakadancin: Class 2 (PPL), Class 1 (CPL/ATPL).
Bukatun Sa'ar Jirgin Sama:
- PPL: 45 hours
- CPL: 200 hours
- ATPL (Daskararre): 650+ hours a cikin hadedde hanya
Shirye-shiryen MPL ana amfani da su sosai don horar da jirgin sama.
DGCA (Indiya)
Babban Daraktan Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama na Indiya (DGCA) yana bin ka'idojin Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Duniya (ICAO) don horar da matukin jirgi.
Bukatun Jakadancin: Class 2 (PPL), Class 1 (CPL/ATPL).
Bukatun Sa'ar Jirgin Sama:
- PPL: 40 hours
- CPL: awanni 200 (ciki har da sa'o'in solo 100)
- ATPL: 1,500 hours
Dole ne 'yan takarar CPL su ci jarrabawar ka'idar a cikin ƙa'idodin iska, kewayawa, yanayin yanayi, da batutuwan fasaha.
ECAA (Misira)
Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama ta Masar (ECAA) tana tsara horar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, tare da tabbatar da bin ka'idojin ICAO.
Bukatun Jakadancin: Class 2 (PPL), Class 1 (CPL/ATPL).
Bukatun Sa'ar Jirgin Sama:
- PPL: 40 hours
- CPL: 200 hours
- ATPL: 1,500 hours
Turanci na ƙwarewa wajibi ne ga duk masu rike da lasisi.
GACA (Saudi Arabia)
Babban Hukumar Kula da Sufurin Jiragen Sama (GACA) ce ke kula da bayar da lasisin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Saudiyya.
Bukatun Jakadancin: Class 2 (PPL), Class 1 (CPL/ATPL).
Bukatun Sa'ar Jirgin Sama:
- PPL: 40-45 hours
- CPL: 200 hours
- ATPL: 1,500 hours
Matukin jirgi na Saudiyya na iya yin atisaye a makarantun koyar da jiragen sama na cikin gida ko kuma makarantun duniya da aka sani.
Farashin Lasisin matukin jirgi da Tsawon horo
Farashin da tsawon lokacin samun lasisin matukin jirgi ya bambanta dangane da nau'in lasisi, makarantar jirgin sama, ƙasa, da jirgin da ake amfani da su don horo. Dole ne matukan jirgin su yi la'akari da waɗannan abubuwan a hankali yayin zabar shirin horo don tabbatar da ya yi daidai da kasafin kuɗin su da burin aikin su.
Matsakaicin Farashin Lasisin matukin jirgi
Tebu mai zuwa yana zayyana kiyasin farashin lasisin tuƙi daban-daban a cikin hukumomin jiragen sama daban-daban:
| Lasin matukin jirgis | Ƙimar Kudin (USD) | Jikin Kariya |
|---|---|---|
| Lasisi na Pilot Sport (SPL) | $ 5,000 - $ 10,000 | FAA (Amurka) |
| Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL) | $ 10,000 - $ 20,000 | FAA, EASA, DGCA, ECAA, GACA |
| Lasisin Pilot Kasuwanci (CPL) | $ 50,000 - $ 80,000 | FAA, EASA, DGCA, ECAA, GACA |
| Lasisin Pilot Multi-Crew (MPL) | $ 80,000 - $ 150,000 | EASA, FAA, DGCA |
| Lasin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Sama (ATPL) | $ 100,000 - $ 200,000 | FAA, EASA, DGCA, ECAA, GACA |
| Lasisin matukin jirgi mai nisa (RPL) / Lasisin matukin jirgi mara matuki | $ 500 - $ 2,000 | FAA, EASA, DGCA |
Farashin lasisin matukin jirgi ya haɗa da koyarwa, horar da jirgin sama, hayar jirgin sama, kuɗin koyarwa, da farashin jarrabawa. Farashin ya bambanta dangane da wurin, farashin mai, da nau'in jirgin da aka yi amfani da shi yayin horo.
Yaya tsawon lokacin da ake ɗauka don Kammala lasisin tukin jirgi daban-daban
Lokacin da ake buƙata don samun a lasisin matukin jirgi ya dogara da tsarin shirin horo da adadin lokutan tashi da ake buƙata.
| Lasin matukin jirgi | Tsawon Horarwa |
|---|---|
| Lasisi na Pilot Sport (SPL) | 2 - 3 watanni |
| Lasisin Pilot mai zaman kansa (PPL) | 3 - 6 watanni |
| Lasisin Pilot Kasuwanci (CPL) | 1 - shekaru 2 |
| Lasisin Pilot Multi-Crew (MPL) | 18 - 24 watanni |
| Lasin Jirgin Jirgin Jirgin Sama (ATPL) | 2 - shekaru 4 |
| Lasisin matukin jirgi mai nisa (RPL) / Lasisin matukin jirgi mara matuki | 1 - 2 makonni |
Horon na iya ɗaukar lokaci mai tsawo idan ɗalibi yana kammala darussa na ɗan lokaci ko kuma idan yanayin yanayi da rikice-rikice na jinkirta sa'o'in jirgin.
Abubuwan Da Suka Shafi Kudaden Lasisin Tuki
Dalilai da yawa suna tasiri gabaɗayan farashin samun a lasisin matukin jirgi:
- Wurin Makarantar Jirgin Sama: Kudin horo a Amurka, Kanada, da Kudancin Asiya gabaɗaya ya yi ƙasa da na Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya.
- Nau'in Jirgin Sama: Horo da manyan jirage masu sarkakiya ya fi tsada fiye da horo akan daidaitattun jirage masu inji guda ɗaya.
- Kudin Malamai: Farashin masu koyar da jirgin ya bambanta dangane da gogewa, wuri, da sunan makarantar jirgin.
- Kudin Man Fetur: Canje-canjen farashin man fetur na iya tasiri sosai kan farashin horon jirgin sama na sa'o'i.
- Abubuwan Bukatun Ka'ida: Wasu hukumomin jiragen sama suna buƙatar ƙarin gwaje-gwaje da horar da na'urar kwaikwayo, ƙara yawan farashi.
Hanya mai tsada don samun lasisin matukin jirgi shine horarwa a cikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin kuɗin horo tare da tabbatar da cewa an san lasisin a duniya.
Final Zamantakewa
Zaɓin lasisin matukin jirgi da ya dace mataki ne mai mahimmanci don cimma burin jirgin sama, ko na jirgin sama na sirri ko na sana'a. Lasisin matukin jirgi yana ba da gata daban-daban, kuma zaɓin wanda ya dace ya dogara da abubuwa kamar burin aiki, ƙarfin kuɗi, da damar horarwa.
Masu neman matukin jirgi suyi la'akari:
- Tasirin aiki na dogon lokaci na lasisin da suka zaɓa.
- Ko suna so su tashi sama da nishaɗi ko kuma na sana'a.
- Lokaci da zuba jari na kudi da ake bukata.
Matakai na gaba don Masu Neman Matuka
Bayan zaɓar lasisin matukin jirgi da ya dace, matakai na gaba sun haɗa da:
- Binciken makarantun jirgin sama da aka amince da su kamar su Florida Flyers Flight Academy wanda ya dace da ka'idodin tsari (FAA, EASA, DGCA, da sauransu).
- Haɗu da buƙatun takaddun shaida na likita (Class 1 don ƙwararrun matukan jirgi, Class 2 don matukan jirgi na nishaɗi).
- Yin rajista a makarantar ƙasa da horar da jirgin sama don samun ilimin da ya dace da ƙwarewar hawan sama.
- Ɗaukar gwaje-gwajen ka'idar da suka dace da gwajin jirgi don samun takaddun shaida.
Ga waɗanda suke shirye su fara tafiya don samun lasisin matukin jirgi, hanya mafi kyau ita ce Florida Flyers Flight Academy da bincika shirye-shiryen horarwa da ake da su. Yawancin makarantun kimiyyar jiragen sama suna ba da zaɓuɓɓukan kuɗi da haɓaka kwasa-kwasan don taimaka wa ɗalibai su sami takaddun shaida na matukin jirgi yadda ya kamata.
Tuntuɓi Tawagar Ilimin Jirgin Sama na Florida Flyers a yau a (904) 209-3510 don ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake yin canjin lasisin matukin jirgi na ƙasashen waje a cikin matakai 4.
