Tashi jirgin sama yana buƙatar fasaha, daidaito, da sadaukar da kai ga aminci. A zuciyar kowane jirgin da ya yi nasara shi ne titin jirgin sama-wani binciko na mataki-mataki wanda ke tabbatar da kowane. bangaren jirgin yana da iska.
Yayin da wasu na iya kallon jirgin sama a matsayin saurin duba mai da tayoyi, ya fi haka nesa ba kusa ba. Fitilar jirgin sama da ya dace tsari ne mai tsauri da aka ƙera don kama al'amura masu yuwuwa kafin su zama matsala. Shi ne ginshiƙin jirgin sama mai aminci, kuma tsallake ko da mataki ɗaya na iya lalata jirgin gaba ɗaya.
A cikin wannan jagorar, za mu bi ku ta cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke cikin cikakken jirgin sama, wanda aka keɓe don injuna ɗaya, ƙananan jiragen sama. Ko kai dalibi ne matukin jirgi ko gogaggen ma'aikacin jirgin sama, wannan matakin mataki-mataki zai taimake ka ka hau sararin samaniya da karfin gwiwa.
Menene Preflight Jirgin sama?
Kafin matukin jirgi ma ya tunkari jirgin, akwai wani muhimmin lokaci na shirye-shirye wanda ke tsara matakan samun lafiya da nasara. Wannan lokaci, wanda galibi ake magana da shi azaman riga-kafi, ya ƙunshi cikakken shiri da nazari.
Dole ne matukin jirgi ya kimanta mahimman abubuwan kamar yanayin yanayi, nauyi da lissafin ma'auni, ƙuntatawa na jirgi na wucin gadi (TFRs), da Sanarwa ga Airmen (NOTAMs). Waɗannan abubuwan suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa jirgin ba zai yiwu ba kawai amma har ma ya bi ka'idoji da aminci ga duk wanda ke cikin jirgin.
Duk da yake waɗannan batutuwan suna da mahimmanci, sun cancanci tattaunawa ta musamman. A yanzu, za mu mai da hankali kan yanayin tafiyar jirgin sama—binciken hannu-kan da ke faruwa da zarar kun kasance cikin jirgin.
Jirgin Jirgin Sama: Mitar Hobbs
Ga matukan jirgin da suka yi hayar maimakon mallakar jirginsu, mataki na farko a kusan kowane jirgin sama ya ƙunshi duba jirgin Hobbs mita. Duk da yake wannan matakin baya da alaƙa kai tsaye da amincin jirgin, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arziƙin jiragen sama.
Mitar Hobbs tana bin diddigin adadin sa'o'in injin ɗin yana gudana, kuma yawancin wuraren haya suna cajin bisa wannan ma'auni maimakon tsawon lokacin haya. Wannan ya sa duba mita Hobbs ya zama mahimmanci-idan ba gabaɗayan mai da hankali kan aminci ba-ɓangare na tsarin jirgin sama.
Bayan rawar da yake takawa a cikin lissafin kuɗi, Hobbs mita kuma yana aiki azaman maɓalli mai nuni ga jadawalin kulawa. Wasu nau'ikan kulawa, kamar canjin mai ko binciken injin, sun dogara ne akan lokacin aikin injin. Koyaya, don manufar shirya jirgin mutum ɗaya, babban abin damuwa shine tabbatar da ingantaccen lissafin kuɗi.
Bayan haka, a duniyar sufurin jiragen sama, tattalin arziƙi yakan zo na farko—ko kafin a shiga cikin jirgin ruwa.
Takarda: Muhimman Abubuwan Shari'a
Kafin jirgin sama ya tashi zuwa sararin sama, dole ne ya ɗauki takamaiman takardu don bin FAA (Hukumar Kula da Jiragen Sama) dokokin. Waɗannan takaddun ba kawai ƙa'idodin hukuma ba ne - suna da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cewa jirgin yana da doka kuma yana da aminci don tashi.
Da farko dai, kowane jirgin sama dole ne ya kasance yana da takardar shaidar cancantar iska nunawa ga fasinjoji. Wannan takardar shedar ta tabbatar da cewa jirgin ya cika ka'idojin aminci na FAA kuma ya dace da tashi.
Wani muhimmin takarda shine ma'auni na hukuma da rikodin ma'auni. Wannan takarda tana ba da bayanan matukin jirgi don ƙididdige cibiyar nauyi da jimillar nauyin jirgin, tabbatar da cewa duka biyun sun kasance cikin iyakokin doka a duk lokacin jirgin. Rarraba nauyin da bai dace ba ko yin kiba na iya yin illa ga aminci sosai, yana mai da wannan takaddar ba makawa.
Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar yawancin jiragen sama don ɗaukar littafin aikin matukin jirgi (P.O.H.) a cikin jirgi. Wannan littafin ya ƙunshi mahimman bayanai game da ayyukan jirgin, tsarin, da hanyoyin gaggawa. Don jiragen sama masu kayan aiki na musamman, ana iya buƙatar ƙarin kayan don magance takamaiman gyare-gyare ko shigarwa.
Yayin da jiragen sama na ƙasa da ƙasa suka ƙunshi ƙarin takardu, kamar fom ɗin kwastam da izini, za mu mai da hankali anan kan abubuwan da suka dace don zirga-zirgar gida. Bayan haka, takardun da suka dace ba kawai game da yarda ba ne - game da aminci da shirye-shirye ne.
Bayan waje Jirgin saman Jirgin sama: Cikakken Yawo
Da zarar matukin jirgin ya tabbatar da cewa duk takardun da ake buƙata suna cikin tsari, mataki na gaba shine cikakken preflight na waje. Wannan ya haɗa da duban jiki sosai na jirgin, tabbatar da kowane sashi yana cikin yanayin aiki da ya dace kuma ba shi da haɗari.
ƙwararrun matukan jirgi sukan haɓaka ƙayyadaddun kwararar dubawa, suna tafiya cikin tsari daga wannan yanki zuwa wani don gujewa rasa kowane mahimman bayanai. Wannan hanya mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye daidaito da aminci.
A lokacin jirgin sama na waje, matukin jirgin zai:
- Bincika fatar jirgin don haƙarƙari, lalata, datti, ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara, ko wasu rashin daidaituwa waɗanda zasu iya shafar aiki.
- Bincika aikin sarrafa jirgin, gami da ailerons, flaps, rudder, a kwance stabilizer, da duk wasu abubuwa na musamman na jirgin.
- Yi nazarin tankunan mai, waɗanda galibi suna cikin fikafikan su, don tabbatar da matakan mai da ya dace kuma babu alamun gurɓata ko ɗigo.
- Bincika farfela (ko masu tallatawa) don lalacewa, fasa, ko wasu batutuwan da zasu iya lalata aminci.
Mataki na ƙarshe, sau da yawa ba a kula da shi amma muhimmin mataki ya haɗa da tafiya nisan mita 10-20 daga jirgin don ɗaukar cikakkiyar kallo. Wannan faffadan hangen nesa yana bawa matuƙin jirgin damar gano duk wani kuskuren da ba za a iya gani kusa da shi ba, yana tabbatar da cewa jirgin a shirye yake da gaske don tashi.
Interior Jirgin saman Jirgin sama: Ana Shirya Cockpit
Bayan an gama duba waje, hankalin matukin jirgin ya koma kan kokfit — cibiyar umarni na jirgin. Jirgin sama na cikin gida yana tabbatar da cewa duk tsarin, kayan aiki, da sarrafawa suna aiki daidai kuma matuƙin jirgin ya yi cikakken shiri don jirgin da ke gaba.
Tsarin yawanci yana farawa da duban gani na shimfidar kokfit. Matukin jirgin yana tabbatar da cewa duk maɓallai, ƙulli, da sarrafawa suna cikin wuraren da suka dace. Alal misali, ya kamata a kashe maɓallin maigidan, kuma ya kamata a saita bawul ɗin zaɓin mai zuwa tankin da ya dace.
Na gaba, matukin jirgin zai:
- Bincika kayan aikin don tabbatar da suna aiki kuma basu da lalacewa. Wannan ya hada da tsayin mita, airspeed nuna alama, alamar jagora, da ma'aunin injin.
- Bincika jiragen sama, gami da rediyo, transponder, da tsarin kewayawa, don tabbatar da cewa suna aiki daidai.
- Tabbatar da kayan aikin gaggawa, kamar na'urar kashe gobara, kayan agajin gaggawa, da na'urar gano wuri na gaggawa (ELT), suna nan kuma suna cikin yanayi mai kyau.
- Yi bitar tsarin jirgin kuma tabbatar da dukkan sigogin da suka dace, taswirori, da kayan aikin kewayawa suna samun sauƙin shiga.
A ƙarshe, matuƙin jirgin zai daidaita kujeru, bel ɗin kujeru, da takalmi don ta'aziyya da kulawa mai kyau. Wannan matakin na iya zama ƙarami, amma yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye hankali da daidaito yayin jirgin.
Jirgin sama na cikin gida ba kawai game da duba akwatuna ba ne - game da ƙirƙirar yanayi mai aminci, tsari, da ingantaccen yanayi don jirgin da ke gaba.
Bayan Jirgin Jirgin: Binciken Karshe Kafin Tashi
Jirgin saman jirgin shine farkon tsari don tabbatar da jirgin ya shirya tashi. Da zarar an kammala binciken waje da na ciki, dole ne matuƙin jirgin ya yi jerin gwaje-gwaje na ƙarshe kafin ya hau sararin sama.
Idan jirgin yana a filin jirgin sama mai sarrafawa, matukin jirgin zai fara samun izini daga Ikon Jiragen Sama (ATC). A filin jirgin saman da ba a sarrafa shi, wannan matakin bai zama dole ba, amma matukin jirgin dole ne ya kasance a faɗake ga sauran jiragen da ke kusa.
Tare da amintaccen izini (idan an buƙata), matuƙin jirgin zai tasi jirgin daga wurin ajiye motoci zuwa titin jirgi. A wannan lokaci, matukin jirgi yana bincika:
- Mai da martani na tuƙi, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar tudu.
- Daidaitaccen gyro na jagora, yana tabbatar da ya dace da kamfas ɗin maganadisu.
- Ayyukan juyi da banki, yana mai tabbatar da cewa yana amsa daidai da motsin jirgin.
Bayan isa wurin da za a yi, matukin jirgin zai gudanar da bincike na farko. Wannan ya haɗa da gudanar da injin a babban RPM don gwada tsarin da ke nuna hali daban a ƙarƙashin ƙarin ƙarfi, kamar:
- Magnets, tabbatar da cewa injin yana aiki lafiyayye akan kowane tsarin kunna wuta da kansa.
- Carburetor zafi, Tabbatar da shi yana rage RPM inji kamar yadda aka zata.
- Kayan aikin jirgin sama, yana mai tabbatar da cewa suna aiki daidai a ƙarƙashin nauyin injin mafi girma.
Sai dai bayan matukin jirgin ya gamsu cewa komai yana cikin tsari ne jirgin zai wuce zuwa titin jirgin. A filin jirgin sama mai sarrafawa, dole ne matuƙin jirgin ya karɓi izinin tashi daga ATC kafin ya hau kan titin jirgin sama da yin amfani da cikakken ma'auni.
Wannan mataki na ƙarshe na tsarin tafiyar jirgin sama yana tabbatar da cewa jirgin ba kawai sautin injina ba ne amma kuma ya haɗa shi sosai cikin yanayin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, yana kafa matakin tashi lafiya da nasara.
Tsaro Zuciyar Jirgin Sama
Tun daga fitintinu na jirgin sama zuwa rufewar ƙarshe bayan saukarsa, ƙa'ida ɗaya ta rage mahimmanci: aminci. Kowane mataki na tsari-ko duba waje na jirgin, tabbatar da tsarin a cikin jirgin, ko gudanar da bincike na ƙarshe kafin tashinsa-an tsara shi don tabbatar da jirgin yana da iska kuma jirgin yana da tsaro.
Tsaro ba ya ƙare da zarar jirgin ya fara birgima a kan titin jirgin sama. Matukin jirgi suna ci gaba da sa ido da tabbatar da tsarin a cikin jirgin, daga aikin injin zuwa na'urorin kewayawa. Wannan mayar da hankali ga aminci shine abin da ya sa jirgin sama ya zama ɗayan amintattun hanyoyin sufuri, ko don shawagi na nishaɗi ko na sana'a.
Bayan abubuwan fasaha, akwai wani abu mai ban mamaki game da tashi. Kwarewar hawan sama a cikin abin al'ajabi na injiniya kamar jirgin sama ba ya misaltuwa. Wannan shaida ce ta hazakar dan Adam da kuma tunatarwa kan dalilin da ya sa muke yin tsayin daka don tabbatar da cewa kowane jirgin yana da lafiya gwargwadon iko.
Tuntuɓi Tawagar Ilimin Jirgin Sama na Florida Flyers a yau a (904) 209-3510 don ƙarin koyo game da yadda ake yin canjin lasisin matukin jirgi na ƙasashen waje a cikin matakai 4.
