IUnited States yinkokeli yehlabathi jikelele uqeqesho lokulinga, ukutsala abaqweqwedisi beenqwelomoya abavela kwihlabathi liphela. Ngezikolo zenqwelomoya ezikumgangatho wehlabathi, iindawo zomoya ezahlukeneyo, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lweFederal Aviation (FAA) imimiselo, i-USA ibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho ezicwangcisiweyo ezilungiselela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokubhabha.
Ukukhetha indlela yoqeqesho yokulinga eyiyo kubalulekile, njengoko inkqubo nganye ilungiselelwe iinjongo zomsebenzi ezahlukeneyo. Nokuba ngaba uqeqesho lwenqwelomoya yabucala, imisebenzi yenqwelomoya yorhwebo, okanye inkonzo yasemkhosini, ukuqonda iinketho ezikhoyo kunceda abanqwenelekayo babaqhubi benze izigqibo ezinolwazi.
I-FAA idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni uqeqesho lokulinga, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokubekwa emgangathweni kuzo zonke izikolo zohambo-moya. Iinkqubo zoqeqesho e-US zikholisa ukulandela izikhokelo zeCandelo 61 okanye iSahlulo se-141, nganye ineengenelo ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zomntu.
Esi sikhokelo siphonononga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoqeqesho lokulinga olukhoyo e-USA, lunceda abakhweli beenqwelo-moya bexesha elizayo baqhube uhambo lwabo esibhakabhakeni.
UQeqesho loLingelo lwaBucala (PPL)
UQeqesho lokuLinga uBucala yeyona ndawo ixhaphakileyo yokungena kwabo banqwenela ukubhabha e-USA. A Ilayisensi yokuLitha yaBucala (PPL) ivumela abantu ukuba basebenzise inqwelo-moya ngeenjongo zabo zobuqu nezokuzonwabisa, kodwa kungekhona ngenjongo yorhwebo. Eli linyathelo elisisiseko kwabo balandela ikhondo lobungcali lokulingwa, besenza ukuba ibe yenye yezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zoqeqesho lokulinga e-USA.
IiMfuno zoQeqesho kunye nokufaneleka
Ukufumana i-PPL, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya kufuneka bagqibe ubuncinci:
- Iiyure ze-40 zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya phantsi kwe-FAA Icandelo le-61 okanye iiyure ze-35 phantsi kweCandelo le-141.
- Indibaniselwano yemiyalelo emibini, iinqwelomoya zodwa, ukubhabha ebusuku, kunye nokunqumla ilizwe.
- Isikolo esisezantsi esigubungela i-meteorology, umthetho womoya, ukucwangciswa kwenqwelomoya, kunye ne-aerodynamics.
- Uvavanyo lolwazi olubhaliweyo kunye novavanyo olusebenzayo lokubhabha (jonga) kunye nomvavanyi oqinisekisiweyo we-FAA.
Amathuba oMsebenzi kunye neMida
ILayisensi yokuLawula inqwelomoya yaBucala ayibavumeli abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babhabhe ukuze baqeshwe, kodwa lilitye eliphambili lokunyathela ukuya kwizatifiketi eziphezulu. Uninzi lwabaqhubi beenqwelomoya basebenzisa i-PPL yabo ukuze bafumane amava ngaphambi kokuba baqhubele phambili kwiLayisensi yokuPhila ngoRhwebo (CPL). Ikwavumela abantu ukuba babhabhe nabakhweli, baqashe iinqwelomoya, kwaye bathathe inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya efana nokufota emoyeni, iinqwelomoya zesisa, kunye nokubhabha.
UQeqesho lokuLinga uRhwebo (CPL)
Kwabo bajonge ukuguqula ukubhabha kwikhondo lomsebenzi, uQeqesho lokuPhila ngoRhwebo linyathelo elilandelayo. A Iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba lokuqhuba (CPL) yimfuneko yokufumana umvuzo njengomqhubi wenqwelomoya, oko kuyenza ibe yenye yezona ntlobo zifunwayo zoqeqesho lokulinga e-USA.
Esi satifikethi sivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba basebenze kwiindima ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanywa imisebenzi ye-charter, i-aviation yenkampani, uphando lwasemoyeni, kunye nomyalelo wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
IiMfuno zoQeqesho kunye neMimiselo ye-FAA
Ukuze bafanelekele i-CPL, abafundi kufuneka bahlangabezane nezi mfuno zoqeqesho ze-FAA:
- Iiyure ezingama-250 zizonke zokuhamba ngenqwelomoya phantsi kweSigaba se-61 okanye iiyure ezili-190 phantsi kweCandelo le-141.
- Amava awongezelelekileyo kwinqwelo-moya entsonkothileyo, ukubhabha ebusuku, ukunyathela ngokuchanekileyo, kunye neenkqubo zongxamiseko.
- Ukugqitywa kovavanyo lolwazi lwe-FAA kunye ne-checkride kunye nomvavanyi we-FAA okhethiweyo.
- Umlinganiselo wesixhobo (IR) kucetyiswa kakhulu, njengoko uninzi lwemisebenzi yorhwebo ifuna ukubhabha kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zemozulu.
Iindlela zoMsebenzi emva kweCPL
I-CPL iyodwa ayifaneleki ukuba abaqhubi basebenze kwiinkampani ezinkulu zeenqwelo-moya, kodwa linyathelo elikhulu elibhekiselele kwiLayisensi yokuLinga i-Airline Transport (ATPL). Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abaninzi bakha amava njengabaFundisi beFlight abaQinisekisiweyo (i-CFI) okanye kwimisebenzi encinci ye-charter ukuhlangabezana nobuncinci beenqwelo-moya. Amanye amathuba emisebenzi abandakanya:
- ULingo lweJethi yeShishini kunye neyaBucala
- Imisebenzi yempahla kunye neTshatha
- UVavanyo lwasemoyeni kunye nokuThwatshwa kweBhana
- EzoLimo kunye neBush Flying
UQeqesho lokuLinga lezoThutho lweenqwelomoya (ATPL)
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanenjongo yokuyalela iinqwelo-moya ezirhwebayo, uQeqesho lokuLinga uQeqesho lwezoThutho lweenqwelo-moya lelona nqanaba lokugqibela nelona liphambili. I ILayisensi yokuLinga i-Airline Transport (ATPL) yimfuneko kubaphathi beenqwelo-moya kwimisebenzi yeenqwelomoya, oko kuyenza ibe yenye yezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zoqeqesho lokuqhuba inqwelomoya e-USA.
Ngokungafaniyo nezatifikethi zangaphambili, uqeqesho lwe-ATPL alukho nje malunga nokuqokelela iiyure ze-flight-kugxininisa ekwenzeni izigqibo eziphambili, ubunkokeli, kunye nemisebenzi ephezulu. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlangabezane ngqongqo Imimiselo ye-FAA, Kubandakanywa:
- I-1,500 yeeyure ze-flight zizonke, eziquka amava athile ekubhabha ebusuku, iinqwelomoya ezinqumla ilizwe, kunye neemeko zezixhobo.
- Ukubamba iLayisensi yokuLinga iRhwebo (CPL) kunye noHlelo lweSixhobo (IR).
- Ukugqiba uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kulungelelwaniso lwabasebenzi abaninzi, ukusebenza kweenqwelomoya, kunye nokuphatha iinqwelomoya ezikumgangatho ophezulu.
- Ukuphumelela uvavanyo lolwazi lwe-FAA ATPL kunye nokutshekisha kunye nomvavanyi.
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaninzi baqala umsebenzi wabo wenqwelomoya njengamaGosa okuQala nge I-ATPL ethintelweyo (R-ATPL) ngaphambi kokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezipheleleyo ze-ATPL. Akuba eqinisekisiwe, amathuba anda kakhulu, evumela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba bafanelekele izikhundla eziphambili zikakapteni wenqwelomoya, iindima zobunkokeli kuphapho lweshishini, kunye nemisebenzi yenqwelomoya ethatha ixesha elide.
Ngenxa yokuntsonkotha kwayo, uqeqesho lwe-ATPL lugqama njengenye yezona ntlobo zingqongqo zoqeqesho lokulinga e-USA, lufuna kungekuphela nje ubuchwephesha bobugcisa kodwa kunye nezakhono zokuthatha izigqibo.
UQeqesho loMqeqeshi ngenqwelomoya (CFI, CFII, MEI)
Kwabaninzi abanqwenela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya, uQeqesho loMyaleli we-Flight lusebenza njengekhondo lomsebenzi kunye nendlela yobuchule yokwakha iiyure zokubhabha. Ukufundisa abanye ukubhabha akusulungekisi izakhono zomqhubi wenqwelomoya kuphela kodwa kukwakhawulezisa nohambo lwabo olusingise ekuhlangabezaneni neemfuno zamava e-FAA kwiziqinisekiso eziphezulu.
Ukuba ngu-a Umyaleli weNqwelomoya oqinisekisiweyo (CFI) lukhetho oludumileyo, njengoko luvumela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba bafumane ixesha lokubhabha elixabisekileyo ngelixa behlawulwa ukufundisa. Nangona kunjalo, kukho iireyithingi ezininzi zabafundisi, nganye ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
Umyaleli weNqwelomoya oqinisekisiweyo (CFI): Igunyazisa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba baqeqeshe abafundi abasebenzela iLayisensi yokuLibatha yaBucala (PPL) okanye Iphepha-mvume lokuqhuba lokuqhuba (CPL).
Umyaleli weFlight oQinisekisiweyo-Isixhobo (CFII): Ijolise ekufundiseni abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya indlela yokusebenzisa inqwelo-moya kwindawo engabonakaliyo kunye neemeko zesixhobo.
UMhlohli weeNjini ezininzi (MEI): Ufanele abahlohli ukuba baqeqeshe abafundi kwiinqwelomoya zeenjini ezininzi, isakhono esibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yeenqwelo moya kunye nezorhwebo.
Ngaphaya kokuqokelelwa kweyure ngenqwelomoya, ukuyalela kunika ezinye iingenelo zexesha elide. Uninzi lwee-CFIs ziqhubela phambili ekukhuseleni iindima kwiinkqubo zenqwelomoya zaseyunivesithi, amaziko oqeqesho e-FAA, okanye amaziko oqeqesho ngenqwelomoya eshishini. Ukongeza, ekubeni ishishini lijongene nemfuno ekhulayo yabaqeqeshi beenqwelomoya, ukuba yiCFI ibonelela ngokhuseleko lomsebenzi kunye nokuguquguquka.
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abafuna ukukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili komsebenzi wabo, uQeqesho loMyaleli weFlight luhlala lulolona hlobo lusebenzayo loqeqesho lokuqhuba e-USA, ukudibanisa amava ngamava kunye nendlela ethe ngqo kwimisebenzi yeenqwelomoya.
Uqeqesho lwe-Instrument Rating (IR).
Imithetho yenqwelo-moya yesixhobo sobuchule (IFR) linyathelo elibalulekileyo lokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya onesakhono nosebenza ngeendlela ezininzi. I-Instrument Rating (IR) ivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babhabhe kwiimeko ezisezantsi zokubonakala, njengenkungu, amafu, okanye imvula enkulu, besebenzisa izixhobo ze-cockpit kuphela ukuhamba. Ekubeni imingeni enxulumene nemozulu ixhaphakile kuphapho, uqeqesho lwe-IR lolona didi lubalulekileyo loqeqesho lokulinga e-USA.
IiMfuno zoQeqesho kunye neMigangatho ye-FAA
Ukufumana i-Instrument Rating (IR), abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlangabezane nemigangatho yoqeqesho ye-FAA, kuquka:
- Iiyure ezingama-50+ zokunqumla ilizwe ngenqwelomoya njengomqhubi we-pilot-in-command (PIC).
- Iiyure ezingama-40 + zoqeqesho lwezixhobo, ezijolise ekuhambeni, unxibelelwano, kunye neenkqubo ezingxamisekileyo.
- Ukupasa i-FAA Instrument Rating Knowledge Test kunye ne-checkride ebonakalayo.
Olu qeqesho luphezulu luqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi bayakwazi ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo iimeko ezingabonakaliyo, okubenza babe nobuchule ngakumbi kwaye baqesheke.
IiNzuzo zoMsebenzi kunye neeNzuzo zoKhuseleko
Ukubamba umlinganiselo weSixhobo kudla ngokuba yimfuneko kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya yorhwebo, njengoko uninzi lweenqwelomoya kunye namasebe eenqwelomoya eenkampani efuna ubuchule be-IFR. Nabaqhubi beenqwelomoya babucala bayazuza kwi-IR, njengoko iphucula kakhulu ukhuseleko lwenqwelomoya, ukuguquguquka, kunye nobuchule bokusebenza.
Njengoko ifuthe lalo kwiinjongo zobuchule kunye nezomntu ngenqwelomoya, uqeqesho lokuReyishwa kweSixhobo luhlala lulolona hlobo luxabisekileyo loqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya e-USA, luxhobisa abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ngezakhono ezifunekayo ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwenqwelomoya.
UQeqesho lwe-Multi-Engine Rating (ME)
Njengoko abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya beqhubela phambili kwimisebenzi yabo, ukukwazi ukusebenzisa iinqwelomoya zeenjini ezininzi kubalulekile. I-Multi-Engine Rating (ME) ivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babhabhe iinqwelo-moya ezineenjini ezingaphezulu kwesinye, bavule amathuba kwiinqwelo-moya zorhwebo, inqwelomoya yenkampani, kunye nemisebenzi yokuqesha. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi lweenqwelomoya ezikumgangatho ophezulu zineenjini ezininzi, uqeqesho lweenjini ezininzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeentlobo zoqeqesho lokuqhuba eMelika.
Iiyantlukwano eziphambili: Injini enye kunye noQeqesho lweeNjini ezininzi
Ukubhabha ngenqwelomoya yeenjini ezininzi kufuna izakhono ezintsha kunye nobuchule obufana nobu:
- yokusingatha i-asymmetric thrust xa injini isilela.
- Ukwazi ukuthabatha uhambo oluphezulu, ukuhla, kunye nesantya sokuhamba ngenqanawa.
- ukuqonda I-aerodynamics yeenjini ezininzi, ulawulo lwamandla, kunye neenkqubo zongxamiseko.
Kuba iinqwelomoya zeenjini ezininzi zikhawuleza kwaye zintsonkothile, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka bagqibe uqeqesho oluvunywe yi-FAA kwaye baphumelele. khangela ukukhwela ukuze bafumane umlinganiselo wabo weeNjini ezininzi.
IiNzuzo zemisebenzi yokuReyithwa kweeNjini ezininzi
Umlinganiselo weeNjini ezininzi uyafuneka kuninzi lweshishini leenqwelomoya, imithwalo, kunye nemisebenzi yejethi yeshishini. Ikwavula iingcango zeendima kuhlolo lwasemoyeni, ukunyanzeliswa komthetho ngeenqwelomoya, kunye neenkonzo zabucala zamalungelo.
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abajonge ukuqhubela phambili amakhondo abo ngokukhawuleza, uqeqesho lwe-ME lolona didi lubalulekileyo loqeqesho lokulinga e-USA, lubonelela ngokufikelela kwimisebenzi yenqwelomoya ehlawula kakhulu kunye nokwandisa amathuba omsebenzi.
UQeqesho lokuLinga lweMidlalo noLonwabo
Kubantu abathanda ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya abafuna ukubhabha ukonwaba ngaphandle kokulandela umsebenzi worhwebo, uQeqesho lokuLula ngeMidlalo noLonwabo lubonelela ngendlela elula nefikelelekayo. La maphepha-mvume avumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba baqhube iinqwelo-moya ezincinci phantsi kwezithintelo ezithile, zibenza babe yindlela yokungena kwinqanaba lokukhetha phakathi kweentlobo zoqeqesho lokuqhuba e-USA.
Umahluko oPhambili kwi-PPL kunye ne-CPL
Ngokungafaniyo neLayisensi yokuLibatha yaBucala (PPL) okanye iLayisensi yokuLinga uRhwebo (CPL), ezi ziqinisekiso zine:
- Iimfuno ezisezantsi zeyure zoqeqesho (ngaphantsi nje kweeyure ezingama-20 zeLayisensi yokuLinga iMidlalo).
- Iimfuno zonyango ezimbalwa (kuphela ilayisenisi yokuqhuba yaBakhweli beMidlalo).
- Izithintelo zokusebenza, ezifana nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya emini, indawo yomoya encinane, kunye nemida yabakhweli.
Izithintelo kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo
Ilayisensi yokuLingwa kwezeMidlalo (SPL): Ilungele ukubhabha Inqwelomoya edlala lula (LSA) nomkhweli omnye.
ILayisensi yokuLinga ukuzonwabisa (RPL): Inikezela ngamalungelo amaninzi ngakumbi kodwa kunye nemida kumgama kunye nohlobo lwenqwelomoya.
Ngelixa la maphepha-mvume engabafanelanga abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kwimisebenzi yorhwebo, abonelela ngendlela efikelelekayo yokufumana amava okuhamba ngenqwelomoya, abenze babe lukhetho oludumileyo kubantu abathanda ukuzilibazisa. Nangona kunjalo, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abanqwenela ukuphucula izakhono zabo banokutshintshela kwi-PPL okanye i-CPL kumathuba abanzi emisebenzi.
Njengolunye lweentlobo ezibhetyebhetye ngakumbi zoqeqesho lokulinga e-USA, uqeqesho lweMidlalo noLonwabo lufanelekile kwabo bafuna ukubhabha ukuzonwabisa ngaphandle kweemfuno ezibanzi ze-FAA.
UQeqesho loMbali woMkhosi
Kwabo bajonge ukukhonza ilizwe labo ngelixa bephuhlisa izakhono zokubhabha ezikumgangatho ophezulu, uQeqesho lokuLawulwa koMkhosi lolunye lwezona ntlobo zingqongqo zoqeqesho lokuqhuba eMelika. Umkhosi wasemoyeni wase-US, uMkhosi wamanzi, uMkhosi, kunye neMikhosi yaseLwandle ibonelela ngeenkqubo zoqeqesho ezilungelelanisiweyo ezilungiselela abaqhubi beenqwelo moya zokulwa, ukuphinda baqonde, kunye nemishini yothutho.
Iindlela Zokuba nguMbhexeshi woMkhosi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokungena kwinqwelomoya yasemkhosini, kubandakanya:
Umkhosi womoya wase-US kunye neZikolo zeFlight zeNavy -Ifuna uqeqesho lwegosa kunye nokukhethwa kuQeqesho lokuLinga isidanga sokuqala (UPT).
UQeqesho loMkhosi ngenqwelomoya (WOFT) -Indlela ethe ngqo yokuba ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya ngaphandle kwesidanga sasekholejini.
I-ROTC kunye neeNkonzo zeeNkonzo -I-Air Force Academy kunye ne-Naval Academy ibonelela ngeekhomishini zegosa elithe ngqo kuqeqesho lokubhabha.
UMkhosi vs. UQeqesho lwaBahlali: Iiyantlukwano eziphambili
Uqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelo-moya lwahlukile kwiinkqubo zasekuhlaleni ngokobunzulu, ubunzima beenqwelo-moya, kunye nokugxilwa kobuthunywa. Umahluko ophambili uquka:
- Uqeqesho oluxhaswa ngemali ngokupheleleyo nokuzinikezela ngenkonzo.
- Amava ezandla kunye neejethi ezisebenza kakhulu, iihelikopta, kunye neenqwelomoya zemithwalo.
- Ukulwa kunye nokusebenza ngenqwelomoya ngobuchule ukongeza kubuchule obuqhelekileyo bokubhabha.
Ukutshintshela kwi-Commercial Aviation
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abaninzi bezomkhosi batshintshela kwimisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, kunye neenqwelomoya ezithatha ngokukhutheleyo abo babesakuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelomoya ngenxa yeeyure zabo ezininzi zokubhabha kunye noqeqesho olukwinqanaba eliphezulu. I-FAA ibonelela ngokuLingana koBukhosi boMkhosi, ivumela amagqala ukuba afumane iilayisensi zasekuhlaleni ezineemfuno ezongezelelweyo ezimbalwa.
Xa kujongwe inqanaba lobuchwephesha kunye nokuziphatha okufunekayo, uQeqesho lokuLinga loMkhosi luhleli lolona didi lufunayo noluhloniphekileyo loqeqesho lokulinga e-USA, luvelisa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abagqwesileyo kwihlabathi.
UQeqesho lokuLinga oluKhawulezayo noluSekwe kwiDyunivesithi
Phakathi kweentlobo ngeentlobo zoqeqesho lokulinga e-USA, iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo nezisekelwe kwidyunivesiti zibalasele kubafundi abakhetha ukufunda okucwangcisiweyo okanye abafuna ukugqibezela uqeqesho ngelona xesha lifutshane banakho. Ezi ndlela zivunyiwe yi-FAA kwaye zijongene nabaqhubi bexesha elizayo bezorhwebo kunye neenqwelomoya.
IiNkqubo zoQeqesho lweFlight olukhawulezileyo: IiPros and Cons
Uqeqesho lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya olukhawulezileyo lolunye lweentlobo ezikhula ngokukhawuleza zoqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya e-USA, eyenzelwe abafundi abafuna ukufezekisa iilayisensi zabo ngokukhawuleza kwaye bangene kubasebenzi benqwelomoya kwakamsinya.
eziluncedo:
- Ukunciphisa ixesha loqeqesho lilonke, ukukhawulezisa ukuqhubela phambili kwekhondo lomsebenzi.
- Ixesha elipheleleyo, uqeqesho lokuntywiliselwa komeleza ugcino lwezakhono.
- Ilungele abafundi abalandela imisebenzi yenqwelomoya okanye iindima zokulinga urhwebo.
bendlela:
- Iindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili ngenxa yokucwangciswa okunzulu.
- Ukufuna ishedyuli kunye nekhefu elincinci.
- Ifuna ukuzinikela okuqinileyo kunye nokuguquguquka.
Izikolo zeFlight eziPhezulu ezibonelela ngoQeqesho oluKhawulezileyo
Amaziko okufunda ngenqwelomoya aliqela e-USA asebenza ngokukhawulezileyo kuqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya, njenge Florida Flyers Flight Academy Unikezelo olucwangcisiweyo, uqeqesho oluvunyiweyo lwe-FAA oluyilelwe abafundi bamazwe ngamazwe nabase-US abajonge ukugqiba iilayisensi zabo zokubhabha ngokukhawuleza. IiFlyers zaseFlorida zikwabonelela ngenkqubo ekhawulezileyo ye-zero-to-ATP phantsi kweenyanga ezingama-24, iyenza ibe yenye yezona nkqubo zifunwayo.
Ezi zikolo zenqwelomoya ezivunyiweyo ze-FAA zibonelela ngeendlela zoqeqesho olukhawulezayo, nto leyo ezenza zibe lukhetho olugqwesileyo kwabo banqwenela ukuba ngabaqhubi beenqwelo-moya.
IiNkqubo zoPhapho eziManyene neYunivesithi
Kubafundi abakhetha indlela esekwe kwisidanga, iinkqubo zenqwelomoya zaseyunivesithi zidibanisa uqeqesho lokulinga oluqinisekisiweyo lweFAA kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo. Ezinye zezona ntlobo ziphezulu ezisekwe eyunivesithi zoqeqesho lokulinga e-USA ziquka:
IYunivesithi yeAeronautical Embry-Riddle -Ibonelela ngeyona nkqubo yaziwayo yokubhabha emhlabeni, kunye amaqhina oshishino lweenqwelomoya awomeleleyo.
IYunivesithi yePurus -Ibonelela ngoqeqesho oluvunyiweyo lwe-FAA kunye neenketho zesidanga kubuchwepheshe bokubhabha kunye nolawulo.
IYunivesithi yaseMntla Dakota (UND) - Eyaziwayo ngoqeqesho lwe-aerospace kunye ne-aviation, ukuvelisa abaphumeleleyo abalungele imisebenzi ye-airline.
Isidanga xa kuthelekiswa noQeqesho lweFlight olungelulo lweSidanga
Ngelixa isidanga sasekholejini singafuneki ukuba ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya, sinokuba luncedo koku:
- Ukuqeshwa okukhuphisanayo kwiinqwelomoya ezinkulu zase-US.
- Ukuguquguquka komsebenzi kulawulo lwezophapho, uphando, kunye namacandelo e-aerospace.
- Ukufikelela Inxalenye ye-FAA 141 uqeqesho olucwangcisiweyo, ukunciphisa iiyure zenqwelo-moya ezifunekayo kwiLayisensi yokuLinga i-Airline Transport Pilot (ATPL).
Kubafundi abakhangela ezona ntlobo zibalaseleyo zoqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya e-USA, izikolo zenqwelomoya ezifana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy zibonelela ngendlela ekhawulezileyo, ngelixa iinkqubo zenqwelomoya zaseyunivesithi zibonelela ngendlela esekwe kwisidanga.
isiphelo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zoqeqesho lokulinga e-USA zikhawulelana noluhlu olubanzi lweenjongo zekhondo lomsebenzi wokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, ukusuka kwinqwelomoya kwezolonwabo ukuya kwiindima zikakapteni wenqwelomoya. Nokuba ngaba ulandela iLayisensi yokuLibatha yaBucala (i-PPL) yokubhabha, iLayisensi yokuPhatha iRhwebo (CPL) kuphapho oluqeqeshelweyo, okanye iLayisensi yokuLinga inqwelo moya (ATPL) ukubhabhela iinkampani ezinkulu zeenqwelomoya, indlela nganye yoqeqesho ibonelela ngeenzuzo ezizodwa.
Xa bekhetha inkqubo yoqeqesho ngenqwelomoya, abafundi kufuneka baqwalasele:
Iinjongo Zomsebenzi – Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafuna isatifikethi se-ATPL, ngelixa abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bokuzonwabisa banokufuna kuphela i-PPL okanye iLayisensi yokuLinga iMidlalo.
Ixesha loqeqesho - Iinkqubo ezikhawulezayo ezifana nezo zinikezelwa yiFlorida Flyers Flight Academy zibonelela ngoqeqesho olukhawulezayo, ngelixa iinkqubo ezisekelwe eyunivesithi zidibanisa idigri kunye noqeqesho lokubhabha.
ibhajethi - Iindleko zoqeqesho lwe-Flight ziyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwe-FAA Icandelo le-61 kunye neCandelo le-141 iinkqubo, kunye naphakathi kwee-academy ezizimeleyo kunye noqeqesho olunxulumene neyunivesithi.
Ngomzila ofanelekileyo woqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya, abafundi banokuqhubela phambili ukusuka kwabaqalayo ukuya kwisimo sokulungelelaniswa kwenqwelomoya, ukufumana amava kunye neziqinisekiso ezifunekayo kwikhondo eliyimpumelelo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Nokuba ukhetha isikolo esikhawulezileyo sokubhabha, inkqubo yokubhabha eyunivesithi, okanye uqeqesho lwasemkhosini, i-USA ihlala iyeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo emhlabeni ukuze ibe ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwenza uguqulo lwelayisensi yokulinga yangaphandle ngamanyathelo ama-4.
