I-Airspeed ngumlinganiselo wesantya senqwelo-moya xa sithelekiswa nomoya oyingqongileyo. Ngokungafaniyo nesantya esiphantsi komhlaba, esilisantya inqwelo-moya ehamba ngayo phezu komhlaba, isantya somoya sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kwenqwelomoya ngalo lonke ixesha lokubhabha. Kulinganiswa kusetyenziswa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-an isalathisi sesantya somoya, eyona nto isisiseko kuyo nayiphi na i-cockpit, nokuba yi-Cessna encinci okanye i-airline enkulu yorhwebo.
Ukubaluleka kudlulela ngaphaya kokukhangela okusisiseko. Kubalulekile ukugcina ilifti, ukugqiba ukunduluka kunye nomgama wokuhla, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba inqwelomoya ihlala ngaphakathi kwemida yokusebenza kwesakhiwo. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlale beyibeke esweni ukunqanda ukuma, isantya esiphezulu, okanye ukuhlangabezana nezinye iimeko eziyingozi zokubhabha.
Ukuyiqonda ikwabalulekile kulawulo lwamandla kwinqwelomoya. Ukukwazi ukulawula amandla enqwelomoya kunye namandla ekinetic ngohlengahlengiso kuvumela abaqhubi beenqwelomoya ukuba baqhube iinqwelomoya ngokukhuselekileyo, baphucule ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha, kwaye baziqhelanise nokutshintsha kweemeko zokubhabha.
Iintlobo ze-Airspeed
I-Airspeed ebonisiwe (IAS)
Uhlobo olubonakalisiweyo lolona fom lukhawulezayo lufundeka ngokuthe ngqo kwisalathisi. Sisantya senqwelomoya njengoko silinganiswe yi inkqubo ye-pitot-static, ethelekisa uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo lomoya ongenayo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-static yomoya ojikelezayo. I-IAS isetyenziselwa uninzi lobuchule bokuhamba kwinqwelomoya kwaye sisantya sereferensi sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwimvulophu yokubhabha yenqwelomoya.
I-Calibrated Airspeed (CAS)
Iindidi ezilinganisiweyo zesantya sicokisa i-IAS ngokulungisa ukufakwa kunye neempazamo zesixhobo. Iinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo ziya kuba neetshathi zokulinganisa ezizodwa ezivumela abaqhubi ukuba baguqule i-IAS kwi-CAS. Eli nyathelo libaluleke kakhulu kwinqwelo-moya echanekileyo, njengoko iqinisekisa ukuba isalathisi sibonisa isantya sokwenyani se-aerodynamic yenqwelo-moya emva kokubalwa kwengxelo yokungangqinelani kwendawo kunye nezixhobo.
Isantya somoya (TAS)
I-TAS ibonelela ngomlinganiselo ochaneke ngakumbi wesantya senqwelomoya ngokubala iiyantlukwano kuxinzelelo lomoya ngenxa yotshintsho umphakamo kunye nobushushu. I-TAS ibalwa ukusuka kwi-CAS ngokwenza izilungiso zoxinzelelo olungenamgangatho kunye nobushushu. I-TAS ibaluleke kakhulu kucwangciso lwenqwelomoya kunye nokuhamba njengoko imisela eyona santya siphezu komhlaba xa idityaniswe nesantya somoya kunye nedatha yendlela.
Isantya soMhlaba (GS)
Isantya somhlaba sesona santya inqwelo moya ihamba ngaso phezu komhlaba. I-TAS ilungelelaniselwe iziphumo zomoya. Nangona ingeyiyo 'isantya somoya' ngokwenkcazo, i-GS sisiphumo esibalulekileyo sobalo lwayo kwaye ibalulekile kuhambo oluchanekileyo, ixesha, kunye nocwangciso lwamafutha.
I-Airspeed elinganayo (EAS)
I-EAS i-CAS ilungiswe kwimiphumo yoxinzelelo kwisantya esiphezulu kunye nokuphakama. I-EAS isetyenziselwa iinqwelomoya ezibhabha ngesantya esikufutshane okanye kwiinkqubo zokubhabha ezidlulayo kunye nephezulu. Ivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba bagcine ulwazi lwamandla e-aerodynamic kwisakhiwo senqwelomoya.
Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo kubalulekile kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya. Nganye isebenzela injongo eyahlukileyo kwaye ibalulekile kwimiba eyahlukeneyo yokusebenza kwenqwelomoya.
Ukubaluleka kunye nokuqonda kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukuba nobuchule kweengcamango zayo akukhona nje kulwazi lobugcisa—kungokusinda. Iziphumo zokungawugcini unokuba nzima, ukusuka ekumeni ukuya kumonakalo wesakhiwo, kwaye okona kubi kakhulu, ukulahleka kolawulo lwenqwelomoya. Ukuyiqonda kubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi:
Safety
Ngqo inxulumene nokuphakanyiswa okuveliswe ngamaphiko. Ukuba iwela ngaphantsi komda othile, inqwelo-moya inokumisa, nto leyo enokuba yintlekele, ngakumbi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukugqithisa ubuninzi kunokubangela umonakalo wesakhiwo okanye ukusilela ngenxa yomthwalo ogqithisileyo we-aerodynamic. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqonde indlela yokulawula ukugcina imisebenzi yenqwelo-moya ekhuselekileyo.
Ukusebenza kakuhle
Ulawulo olululo lunegalelo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwamafutha. Ngokubhabha ngeyona ndlela ifanelekileyo yenqanaba elinikiweyo lokubhabha, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokunciphisa ukutshiswa kwamafutha kunye nokwandisa uluhlu lwenqwelomoya. Le nkalo yokuqonda kwayo ayincedi nje kuphela kwezoqoqosho kodwa ikwanobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo.
Access
Ulwazi oluchanekileyo ngesantya somoya lubalulekile kuhambo lokuhamba. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bakwazi ukubala i-TAS yocwangciso olusebenzayo lwenqwelomoya kunye nokumisela i-ETA. Ukungachaneki kunokukhokelela ekuphambukeni kwindlela ekujoliswe kuyo, okukhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwamafutha okongeziweyo kunye nokulibaziseka okunokwenzeka.
Kukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuchaneka kokusebenza kwenqwelomoya, ukuqondwa kakuhle kwayo kubalulekile kubo bonke abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya.
I-Airspeed njengoko ifundiswa kwiSikolo seFlight
Izikolo zeFlight zenza isiseko sovavanyo lokuqonda esi santya. Ikharityhulamu ibandakanya imigaqo esisiseko ye iAerodynamics, kuquka indlela eyenziwe ngayo kunye nobudlelwane bayo kunye nokuphakamisa, ukutsalwa, kunye nokutyhala. Abafundi baziswa kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo kwaye bafundiswa indlela yokufunda nokutolika isalathisi sesantya somoya.
Imfundiso esisiseko
Ngexesha lesikolo samabanga aphantsi, abafundi bafunda ithiyori emva kwe-airspeed. Baphonononga kwifiziksi yokubhabha kunye nendlela echaphazela ngayo ukusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Abahlohli bagxininisa isantya esibalulekileyo sokunduluka, ukuhla, kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, beqinisekisa ukuba abafundi bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kokugcina isantya somoya esichanekileyo kwimisebenzi ekhuselekileyo.
Uqeqesho lokulinganisa
Izikolo zokubhabha zanamhlanje ezifana ne Florida Flyers Flight Academy kaninzi zisebenzisa izifanisi zokubhabha ukuqinisa iingqiqo zesantya somoya. Izifanisi zibonelela ngendawo ekhuselekileyo yokuba abafundi bafumane iziphumo zotshintsho lwayo ngaphandle kwemingcipheko ehambelana nokubhabha kokwenyani. Le ndlela yokusebenza ngezandla inceda ukuqinisa ulwazi lwethiyori olufunyenwe ngexesha lokufundisa emhlabeni.
Olona qeqesho lweFlight
Olona qeqesho lwenqwelomoya kulapho ithiyori idibana khona nokuziqhelanisa. Abafundi bafunda ukulawula i-airspeed ngexesha lokwenyani, befumana ingxelo ebambekayo yenqwelomoya njengoko besenza uhlengahlengiso. Abahlohli bakhokela abaqeqeshwayo ngokwenza umthambo oyilelwe ukulola izakhono zabo zokulawula, ezinje ngenqwelomoya ecothayo, izitali, kunye namajiko-jiko.
Isikolo seFlight linyathelo lokuqala kuhambo lomqhubi wenqwelomoya ukuya ekuyazini isantya somoya. Uqeqesho olubanzi luqinisekisa ukuba abaphumeleleyo banezakhono kunye nolwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze balawule ngokufanelekileyo kuwo wonke amakhondo abo okubhabha.
Ukulinganisa nokubala
Inkqubo yePitot-Static
Inkqubo yepitot-static yeyona ndlela iphambili ekulinganiswa ngayo isantya somoya. Inkqubo iqulathe ityhubhu yepitot ejonge phambili ukuze ibambe uxinzelelo oluguquguqukayo lokuhamba komoya kunye namazibuko amileyo alinganisa uxinzelelo lomoya okhoyo. Isalathisi sesantya somoya sithelekisa olu xinzelelo ukubonelela ngokufunda kwe-IAS.
Isalathisi se-Airspeed
Isalathisi sesantya somoya sisixhobo esibalulekileyo kwiphaneli yomqhubi wenqwelomoya. Ibonisa i-IAS kwaye, kwezinye iinqwelomoya ezihambele phambili, inokubonelela ngolwazi lweCAS kunye ne-TAS. Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baxhomekeke kwesi sixhobo kwizigqibo ezininzi zenqwelomoya ezinxulumene nesantya somoya.
Uguqulo lwe-Airspeed
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka basoloko beguqulela i-IAS kwezinye iindlela zesantya somoya ukulungiselela ukutshintsha iimeko zokubhabha. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa iitshati zokulungelelanisa, amakhadi okulungisa isantya somoya, yaye maxa wambi, neekhompyutha ezisebhodini. Ezi zixhobo zivumela abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba babale i-CAS, i-TAS, kunye ne-EAS ngokuchanekileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba banolwazi oluchanekileyo lwesantya sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwenqwelomoya.
Ukuyilinganisa nokubala sisakhono sokulinga esisisiseko. Ngokuqonda okunzulu kwenkqubo ye-pitot-static kunye nobuchule ekusebenziseni izikhombisi kunye nezixhobo zokuguqula, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuhamba ngokuzithemba esibhakabhakeni.
Imiba Echaphazelayo
Iimeko ze-Atmospheric
Utshintsho kuxinzelelo lomoya ngenxa yokwahluka kobude, ubushushu, kunye noxinzelelo kuchaphazela ufundo lwesantya somoya. Njengoko inqwelomoya inyuka, umoya uba ngaphantsi, nto leyo enokukhokelela kumahluko phakathi kwe-IAS kunye ne-TAS. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka balulungise olu tshintsho ukuze bagcine ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwesantya.
Ubunzima beenqwelomoya
Ubunzima benqwelo-moya buchaphazela isantya somoya esifunekayo xa isuka, imisa, kunye nokusebenza kwenqwelomoya. Iinqwelo-moya ezinzima kufuneka zibhabhe ngesantya esiphezulu ukuze zenze ukuphakama okwaneleyo. Abaqhubi benqwelo-moya kufuneka baqwalasele ubunzima benqwelo-moya ngexesha lokucwangcisa kwangaphambili inqwelomoya naxa besenza uhlengahlengiso.
Uqwalaselo lweenqwelomoya
Ukucwangciswa kwenqwelo-moya, njengendawo yokuma kweeflaps okanye i-landing gear, itshintsha iprofayili ye-aerodynamic kwaye ngaloo ndlela i-airspeed. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bazazi iimpembelelo zotshintsho lwenkqubo kuyo ukugcina ulawulo lwenqwelomoya ngexesha lezigaba ezibalulekileyo zokubhabha, njengokufika nokuhla.
I-Airspeed ichatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ekufuneka abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baphendule ngexesha lokubhabha. Ngokuqonda kunye nokulindela ezi mpembelelo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuhlengahlengisa ubuchule babo bokubhabha ukuze baqinisekise ukuba bayigcina ngokufanelekileyo kuzo zonke iimeko.
ULondolozo oluLungileyo
Ukubeka iliso rhoqo
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlale bebeka esweni isalathisi sesantya somoya ukuze baqinisekise ukuba inqwelo-moya ibhabha phakathi kwesantya abasinqwenelayo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunceda ukufumanisa naluphi na ukuphambuka kwisantya ekujoliswe kuso, ukuvumela ukulungiswa ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
Ulawulo lwamandla kunye nesimo sengqondo
I-Airspeed ilawulwa ngokuyinhloko ngohlengahlengiso lwamandla kunye notshintsho kwisimo sengqondo senqwelomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka balawule unxibelelwano phakathi kweesetingi ze-throttle kunye nolawulo lwepitch ukugcina ulungelelwano, ngakumbi ngexesha lokunyuka, ukwehla, kunye nenqanaba lokubhabha.
Ukulindela Utshintsho
Ulawulo olusebenzayo lubandakanya ukulindela imfuno yohlengahlengiso lwesantya ngaphambi kokuba lube lubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokucwangcisa kwangaphambili iziganeko ezinjengokutshintsha kobude bomphezulu, ukujika, nokuguquguquka komoya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokusigcina ngokutyibilikayo isantya somoya abasifunayo kulo lonke uhambo lokubhabha.
Ukugcina isantya somoya esisiso yinkqubo eguquguqukayo efuna ingqalelo rhoqo kunye nobuchule. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bamele babe nobuchule bokusebenzisa ulawulo lwenqwelo-moya baze baqonde imiphumo yangaphandle ukuze bayigcine ikwimilinganiselo ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo.
I-Airspeed kunye nemilinganiselo yoKhuseleko kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya
Ukwaziswa kokuSenda kunye noBuyiselo
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baphaphele umngcipheko wokuzinzisa, okwenzeka xa isihla kakhulu. Baqeqeshelwe ukuqaphela iimpawu ze-stall ezayo kwaye baqhube iinkqubo zokubuyisela ngokunyusa kunye nokunciphisa i-angle yokuhlaselwa.
UThintelo oluPhezulu
Ukugqithisa ubuninzi obuvunyelweyo kunokubeka emngciphekweni isidima sesakhiwo senqwelomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka baqaphele ezona santya siphezulu zokusebenza kwaye baphephe iimeko ezinokukhokelela kwisantya esigqithileyo, esifana nokuhla okunyukayo okunamandla agqithisileyo.
Iinkqubo Ezingxamisekileyo
Kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesalathisi sesantya somoya, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bathembele kwezinye iindlela zokuyiqikelela, njengokusebenzisa useto lwamandla e-injini kunye nezimo zengqondo ze-pitch ezihambelana nezantya ezaziwayo. Iinkqubo zongxamiseko ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoqeqesho lomqhubi wenqwelomoya kwaye zinceda ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko xa imilinganiselo esemgangathweni ingekho.
Amanyathelo okhuseleko anxulumene nalo ngumba obalulekileyo woqeqesho lokulinga. Ngokubambelela kwezi zenzo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokunciphisa kakhulu imingcipheko enxulumene nolawulo olungafanelekanga.
Indima kwiZigaba zeFlight ezahlukeneyo
Ukuthatha
Ngexesha lokunduluka, isantya somoya sibalulekile ekumiseleni umzuzu wokunduluka. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bakhawuleze ukuya kwisantya esichanekileyo sokujikeleza (Vr) ukuze bafikelele kwilifti eyimfuneko ukuze basuke. Ukuyilawula ngexesha lesi sigaba kubalulekile ukuhamba ngokukhuselekileyo.
I Cruise
Kwinqwelomoya yokuhamba ngenqanawa, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya bajolise ekugcineni i-TAS ezinzileyo yokusebenza kakuhle kwamafutha kunye nokufika ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo. Kufuneka bahlengahlengise useto lwamandla kunye neakhawunti yomoya ukuyigcina ingatshintshi.
ekwafikela kuyo
Ulawulo lwesantya somoya lubalulekile ngexesha lokufika kunye nenqanaba lokufika. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka babhabhe ngesantya esifanelekileyo (i-Vapp) ukuze baqinisekise ukuhla okuzinzileyo kunye nokucofa kwisantya esichanekileyo sokumisa (Vref). Ukuchaneka ekulawuleni i-airspeed ngexesha lokufika ngundoqo kwisigqibo esilungileyo nesikhuselekileyo sokuhamba.
Isantya sidlala indima eyahlukileyo kwinqanaba ngalinye lokubhabha, kwaye abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka balungelelanise iindlela zabo zokulawula isantya somoya ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo ukusuka ekundulukeni ukuya ezantsi.
isiphelo
I-Airspeed yingcinga esisiseko kuphapho ekufuneka ilawulwa nguye wonke umqhubi wenqwelomoya onqwenelayo. Isikolo seFlight yindawo yokubonisa apho abafundi baphuhlisa ulwazi kunye nezakhono eziyimfuneko ukuze babe ziingcali. Ngokufunda ngenkuthalo, ukuqeqeshwa ngezandla, kunye nokuziqhelanisa ngokuqhubekayo, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya bafunda ukuyilawula ngokuchanekileyo, beqinisekisa ubuchule babo kulo mba ubalulekileyo wokubhabha.
Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo, indlela ezilinganiswa ngayo, kunye nokufaneleka kwazo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokubhabha kunye nezigaba kubalulekile kwikhondo eliyimpumelelo lokuhamba ngenqwelomoya. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abagqwesileyo kulawulo lwayo bakuxhobele kakuhle ukujongana nemingeni yesibhakabhaka, bebeka phambili ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuchaneka kwinqwelomoya nganye.
Cacisa iimfihlakalo zesantya somoya ngeFlorida Flyers Flight Academy. Bhalisa ngoku ukwazi ubuchule bokubhabha kwaye ube ngumqhubi wenqwelomoya olichule. Qhagamshelana nathi namhlanje ukuze uvule isibhakabhaka!
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga neKhosi yeSikolo saBucala esiLingayo.
