Ukwenza izigqibo kwi-Aeronautical decision (ADM) ngumqolo wokhuseleko lwenqwelomoya. Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, akukhona nje ukwenza izigqibo ezikhawulezayo-imalunga nokwenza i kunene .
Nantsi imiba emi-3 engundoqo ye-ADM ekufuneka wonke umqhubi wenqwelo-moya afunde ukuya esibhakabhakeni ngokuzithemba.
Umqhubi wenqwelomoya olungileyo akaneli nje ukwenza isigqibo; baxelelwe. I-ADM ayithethi malunga nokugweba ngokukhawuleza okanye iimvakalelo zamathumbu. Yinkqubo ecwangcisiweyo edibanisa ugwebo lobuchwephesha, amava, igalelo labasebenzi, kunye nedatha evela kwiinkqubo zebhodi. Isigqibo ngasinye silungelelaniso olunyamekileyo lwezi zinto.
Kwihlabathi eliguquguqukayo lophapho, iimeko zinokutshintsha ngephanyazo. Ulwazi olutsha lunokutshintsha yonke imeko, ifuna abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya ukuba baziqhelanise ngokukhawuleza. Kunjalo ngoba abaqhubi beenqwelo moya (PIC) kufuneka baphucule isakhono sabo sokwenza ulwazi, balinganise iingozi, kwaye benze izigqibo ezibeka phambili ukhuseleko ngaphezu kwayo yonke enye into.
Ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo kwinqwelomoya ayisosakhono nje—yingqondo. Kwaye kubalulekile ukugcina yonke inqwelomoya ikhuselekile, igudile, kwaye iyimpumelelo.
Iimo zengqondo eziHlanu ezinobungozi ekuthathweni kwezigqibo kwi-Aeronautical
The Ulawulo lwezoLawulo lwezoPhapho (i-FAA) ibalaselisa izimo zengqondo ezintlanu eziyingozi ezibeka umngcipheko kukhuseleko lokubhabha. Ezi ndlela zokucinga ezingalunganga zinokuphazamisa isigwebo kwaye zikhokelela kwizigqibo ezibi kwindawo yokulala. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, nokuba baqeqeshelwe okanye banamava, kufuneka baqaphele kwaye banciphise ezi zimo zengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo.
1) I-Anti-Amagunya
Abanye abaqhubi bayakucaphukela ngokwendalo ukuxelelwa into abafanele bayenze. Bakhetha ukuthembela kuphela kwisigqibo sabo, ngokufuthi beyigatya imithetho okanye iinkqubo njengezingeyomfuneko. Nangona ukuzithemba kunye namava kubalulekile, esi simo sengqondo esichasayo sinokuba yingozi kwi-cockpit.
Imimiselo kunye neenkqubo zokuhamba ngeenqwelomoya zikhona ngesizathu. Zenzelwe ukugcina abaqhubi, abakhweli, kunye neenqwelomoya zikhuselekile. Ukutenxa kwezi zikhokelo ngaphandle kwesizathu esivakalayo kunokukhokelela kwiingozi ezingeyomfuneko. Umzekelo, ukungahoyi izithintelo zendawo yomoya okanye ukutsiba uluhlu lokukhangela ngaphambi kokuhamba ngenqwelomoya kunokonga ixesha, kodwa lubeka esichengeni ukhuseleko.
Ukwenza iZigqibo eziLungileyo kwiAeronautical (ADM) kuthetha ukuhlonipha imithetho ngelixa usebenzisa amava akho ukulungelelanisa xa kuyimfuneko. Ukulandela iinkqubo ezisekiweyo akuphuculi nje kuphela ukhuseleko kodwa kukwabonelela ngokhuselo lobuchule kwimeko yesiganeko. Khumbula: imithetho ayikho ukukuthintela-ikho ukuze ikukhusele.
2) Ukuthabatheka
Umfanekiso weHollywood womqhubi wenqwelomoya othatha izigqibo zokwahlulwahlulwa okwesibini unokujongeka unomdla, kodwa ukude nenyani. Kwinqwelomoya, ukungxama kunokuba yingozi. Ukwenza ngaphandle kokucinga-nokuba kuyangxama a ujongile okanye ukweqa isheke esibalulekileyo-kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo eziyingozi.
Abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abalungileyo abaphenduli nje; bona phendula. Oku kuthetha ukuthatha umzuzwana ukuvavanya imeko, ukuqokelela ulwazi, kwaye ulinganise ukhetho. Umzekelo ogqibeleleyo ngu Umphathi we-Apollo 13 uJim Lovell. Xa ukudubula kwaqhwalelisa isiphekepheke sakhe, akazange othuke. Kunoko, wema kancinane, wahlola imeko, waza wenza izigqibo eziqiqiweyo ezathi ekugqibeleni zabasindisa abasebenzi bakhe.
Kwi-cockpit, i-Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) ifuna umgangatho ofanayo wokuziphatha. Enoba ujongene nokusilela kwe-injini okanye imozulu engalindelekanga, ukuthatha umzuzwana ukucinga kunokuthetha umahluko phakathi kwempumelelo nentlekele. Ukwenza izigqibo ezicingisisiweyo asibobuchule nje—kukusindisa ubomi.
3) Ukungakhuseleki
Ukucinga ukuba “akuzu kwenzeka kum” sesinye sezona zimo zengqondo eziyingozi umqhubi wenqwelo-moya anokuba nazo. Kulula ukuwela kumgibe wokukholelwa ukuba iingozi zenzeke kuphela kwabanye-ingakumbi ukuba ungene kumakhulu okanye amawaka eeyure zenqwelomoya ezingenasehlo. Kodwa ukuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo kunokukhokelela ekuzicingeni, yaye ukungakhathali kunokukhokelela kwiimpazamo.
Ukusilela koomatshini, ukutshintsha kwemozulu ngesiquphe, kunye nempazamo yomntu inokwenzeka kuye nabani na. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya oyikhabayo le mingcipheko udla ngokuthatha amathuba angeyomfuneko, njengokubhabha kwimozulu esecaleni okanye ukutsiba uhlolo lwaphambi kwenqwelomoya. Ukwenza iZigqibo eziLungileyo kwiNqwelo-moya (ADM) kuthetha ukuvuma ukuba akukho mntu ungoyiswayo.
Inyathelo lokuqala lokuhamba ngenqwelo-moya ekhuselekileyo kukwamkela iingozi unako kwenzeke kuwe. Le ndlela yokucinga ikugcina uphaphile, ulungile, kwaye ulungele ukujongana nayo nayiphi na imiceli mngeni evelayo. Ngapha koko, eyona ndlela yokuphepha ingozi kukucwangcisa enye.
4) "Ndingenza nantoni na"
Ukuzithemba kubalulekile kuphapho. Ngaphandle kwayo, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya abanakuba nabuganga bokunduluka, bajonge iimeko ezinzima, okanye bajongane nonxunguphalo. Kodwa kukho umgca phakathi kokuzithemba nokuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukukholelwa ukuba “ndingenza nantoni na” kunokukhokelela kwizigqibo ezingakhathaliyo ezibeka ubomi esichengeni.
Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanesi simo sengqondo badla ngokuzifaka emngciphekweni ngokungeyomfuneko ukuze bazibonakalise okanye banelise iminqweno yabo. Ngokomzekelo, basenokuzama ukwenza inqwelo-moya eyingozi xa imozulu imbi okanye bayityhalele ngaphaya kwemida yenqwelo-moya ukuze babonise ukuba banako. Ezi zenzo azinayo indawo kwindawo yokulala.
Ukwenza iZigqibo eziLungileyo kwiAeronautical Decision (ADM) kuthetha ukwazi imida yakho—kwaye uyihloniphe. Kumalunga nokulungelelanisa ukuzithemba kunye nokuthobeka, kunye nokuqaphela ukuba isakhono sokwenyani silele ekwenzeni izigqibo ezikhuselekileyo, ezibaliweyo. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya olungileyo akafuni bungqina; kufuneka nje babuyisele wonke umntu ekhaya ngokukhuselekileyo.
5) Ukurhoxa
Ukurhoxa yinkolelo eyingozi yokuba akukho nto uyenzayo eya kwenza umahluko. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya abanesi simo sengqondo basoloko beziva bengenamandla—bayathandabuza ukuthetha ngokuchasene nezenzo ezingakhuselekanga, bayakuphepha ukwenza okuthile ngexesha likaxakeka, okanye basuke nje bahambisane nezigqibo abazaziyo ukuba ziyingozi. Le ndlela yokucinga inokuba yingozi kanye njengokuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo.
Kwi-cockpit, ukurhoxa kunokubonakalisa njengento engafanelekanga. Ngokomzekelo, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya usenokungazinanzi iimpawu ezilumkisayo, athethe nabanye ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, okanye angakwazi ukulawula xa imeko imbi. Esi simo sengqondo sijongela phantsi undoqo woKukwenziwa kweZigqibo kwiNqwelo-moya (ADM), efuna ukucinga okukhawulezileyo kunye nenyathelo eliqinisekileyo.
Ukuqhawula umxokelelwane weengozi ezinokubakho kuqala ngokuziva unamandla okuzixabisa. Abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bakholelwe ukuba uqeqesho lwabo, amava, kunye nokugweba kwabo kubalulekile. Nokuba kukuthandabuza isigqibo esithandabuzekayo okanye ukuthatha ulawulo ngexesha likaxakeka, isenzo ngasinye sibalulekile. Khumbula: kwinqwelomoya, ukungenzi nto kunokuba yingozi njengokwenza into engalunganga.
Ukuvavanya uMngcipheko
Eyona ndlela yokusingatha imeko kaxakeka kukucwangcisa enye. Ngelixa ungeke ukwazi ukuqikelela yonke imeko-njenge "Ummangaliso kwi-Hudson” ukubetha kweentaka-ungahlola imingcipheko kwaye wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi. Ukwenza iZigqibo eziLungileyo kwiNqwelo-moya (ADM) kuthetha ukwazi ixesha lokutsho “hayi” kwiingozi ezingeyomfuneko.
Ngokomzekelo, umqhubi wenqwelo-moya ongenaso isixhobo ufanele ahlolisise iimeko zemozulu ngocoselelo ngaphambi kokuba abhabhele kwisakhiwo esinamafu. Ngaba ingozi ifanelekile? Sithini isicwangciso sokugcina xa iimeko ziba mandundu? Le mibuzo isembindini wovavanyo olusebenzayo lomngcipheko.
Uvavanyo lomngcipheko alukho malunga nokuphepha ingozi kuphela-lumalunga nokulungelelanisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Imalunga nokubuza, Yintoni embi kakhulu enokwenzeka? kwaye Ngaba ndikulungele ukujamelana nayo? Ngokuphendula le mibuzo ngokunyaniseka, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya banokwenza izigqibo ezikrelekrele kwaye bagcine yonke inqwelomoya ikhuselekile kangangoko.
Ukwenziwa kweZigqibo zeAeronautical: Imiba yoLuntu
Izinto zobuntu ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lokubhabha. Eli candelo lidibanisa ipsychology, ukuzazi, kunye nofundo lwendlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo netekhnoloji kunye nomnye kwindawo eyodwa yokubhabha. Kubaqhubi beenqwelo-moya, ukuqonda imiba yabantu kubalulekile ukuze kuthathwe iZigqibo ezisebenzayo kwiNqwelo-moya (ADM).
Ngaphambi kwenqwelo-moya nganye, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya kufuneka bahlole ngokunyanisekileyo imeko yabo yengqondo neyomzimba. Ngaba ndidinwe kakhulu, ndiphazamisekile, okanye ndixinezelekile ukuba ndenze izigqibo ezikhuselekileyo? Ukudinwa, ukucinezeleka ngokweemvakalelo, okanye kwanokuzithemba ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubangela ukuba umntu angakwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo aze abangele ukuba wenze ukhetho olubi. Ngokufanayo, abaqhubi beenqwelomoya kufuneka bavavanye iinqwelomoya zabo: Ngaba ingenamoya ngokwenene, okanye ngaba ndinethemba lokuba okona kulungileyo? Ukungahoyi imiba yesondlo okanye ukubhabha ngezixhobo ezithandabuzekayo kukungcakaza akukho mqhubi wenqwelo-moya kufuneka athathe.
Ulawulo lwezixhobo zabasebenzi (CRM) ayisiyomisebenzi yabasebenzi abaninzi kuphela-isebenza nakubaqhubi beenqwelomoya ababodwa. Ukuzilawula “njengeqela” lakho kuthetha ukuhlala ulungelelene, ugxininise, kwaye usebenza. Kumalunga nokusebenzisa zonke izibonelelo ezikhoyo-uluhlu lokutshekisha, itekhnoloji, kunye nengqiqo yakho-ukwenza ezona zigqibo zihle zinokwenzeka.
Ngokuqonda izinto ezenziwa ngabantu, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuyibona imigibe enokubakho ngaphambi kokuba ibe yingxaki. Yinxalenye ephambili ye-Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) eqinisekisa ukuba yonke inqwelomoya ikhuselekile kangangoko.
isiphelo
Ukwenza izigqibo kwiAeronautical (ADM) sisiseko sokubhabha okukhuselekileyo. Akunjalo nje ngokulandela iinkqubo-kumalunga nokuphuhlisa ingqondo kunye nezakhono ukwenza izigqibo ezihlakaniphile, ezinolwazi kwi-cockpit.
Ngokuqaphela kunye nokubala izimo zengqondo eziyingozi, ukuvavanya imingcipheko, kunye nokuqonda izinto zabantu, abaqhubi beenqwelo-moya banokuhamba ngezona meko zinzima ngokuzithemba. Nokuba ungumfundi wenqwelomoya okanye inqwelomoya enamava, ukwazi ukwenza iZigqibo zeAeronautical (ADM) iqinisekisa ukuba uyilungiselele nantoni na esibhakabhakeni esiyiphosayo.
Ngoko ke, kwixesha elizayo xa ukwindlu yabalingane, khumbula: zonke izigqibo zibalulekile. Bhabha ngobulumko, hlala ukhuselekile, kwaye uvumele i-ADM ikukhokelele kwisibhakabhaka esigudileyo.
Qhagamshelana neFlorida Flyers Flight Academy Team namhlanje e (904) 209-3510 ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nokwenza uguqulo lwelayisensi yokulinga yangaphandle ngamanyathelo ama-4.
