Zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege zvinosanganisira zera risingapfuure, chitupa chekurapa, zvitupa zvedzidzo, uye maawa chaiwo ekufamba nendege ekuti uwane marezenisi eFAA nhasi. Gwaro iri rinofukidza zvinodiwa pakukodzera, chikoro chepasi, zvikamu zvekudzidziswa kwendege, bvunzo dzekunyora nedzekushanda, uye maitiro ekupa zvitupa zvakakwana. Dzidza nezveChikamu 61 vs Chikamu 141 mapurogiramu, mitengo, sarudzo dzemari, uye nzira dzebasa dziripo mushure mekuzadzisa zvinodiwa.
- Zvinotora Nguva Yakadii Kuti Uve Mutyairi Wendege
- Pilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa: Yekutanga Kukodzera Kwekudzidziswa Kwekutyaira
- Medical Pilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa
- Kusarudza Iyo Yakakodzera Ndege Yekudzidzisa Chirongwa
- Ground Chikoro Pilot Kudzidziswa Zvinodiwa
- Flight Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa uye Maminimum Maawa
- Pilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa: Kuongorora uye Certification Maitiro
- Pilot Kudzidziswa Zvinodiwa: Yepamberi Ratings uye Special Certification
- Pilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa: Mari uye Nguva Kuzvipira
- Nzira dzeBasa Mushure mekusangana nePilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa
- mhedziso
- Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Zvinodiwa Pakudzidziswa Kwevatyairi Vendege
Zvinotora Nguva Yakadii Kuti Uve Mutyairi Wendege
Chinodiwa chinhu chaunofanira kuzadzisa usati waenderera mberi, uye mukufambisa ndege, zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwevatyairi hazvichinjiki. Mitemo iyi inoita kuti mutyairi wese ave neutano hwakanaka, akadzidziswa zvakanaka, uye ane chitupa chepamutemo asati ashandisa chero ndege.
The Federal Aviation Administration anotarisira kudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege muUnited States, achigadza nhungamiro dzakasimba dzemazinga ese emarezinesi. Kana usina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa izvi, haugone kubhururuka zviri pamutemo, kuzvinzwisisa kwakakosha usati watanga chero chirongwa chekudzidzira kubhururuka.
Kuziva mitemo hakuna kukwana; unoda kodzero ndege yechikoro, nzira yakajeka yekudzidziswa, uye hurongwa hwemari. Gwaro iri rinotsanangudza zvese zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwekutyaira nhanho nhanho, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa zvinodiwa. Kubva pane zvinodiwa kuti ukwanise kusvika kune zvitupa zvepamusoro, uchadzidza chaizvo zvinodiwa kuti kuva mutyairi wendege ane certification nhasi.
Kukodzera Kwakakosha Kwekudzidziswa Kwekutyaira
Havasi vese vanogona kupinda muchikoro chekutyaira ndege votanga kudzidziswa ipapo ipapo vasina kutanga vazadzisa zvinodiwa nemutemo. Zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege zvinotanga nezvinodiwa zvekutanga zvakatarwa nevakuru vendege vakaita seFAA muUnited States.
Kunzwisisa zvinodiwa izvi zvinokosha kunobatsira vanoda kutyaira ndege kugadzirira zvakanaka vasati vashandisa nguva nemari muzvirongwa zvekudzidzisa kubhururuka. Zera, dzidzo, uye hunyanzvi hwemutauro zvinoumba mativi matatu ekukodzera kwevatyairi vendege vese nhasi.
Minimum Requirments:
• Zera risingapfuure remhando dzakasiyana dzemarezinesi
• Zvitupa zvedzidzo uye ruzivo rwedzidzo
• Maitiro ehunyanzvi hwemutauro weChirungu
Zvinodiwa pazera zvinosiyana zvichienderana rudzi rwerezinesikubva pamakore gumi nematanhatu ekuberekwa ekufamba nendege uri wega kusvika pamakore makumi maviri nematatu ekuberekwa ATPLDiploma rechikoro chesekondari kana GED rinosangana nezvinodiwa zvedzidzo, kunyange hazvo dzimwe kambani dzendege dzichida vanhu vane madhigirii ekukoreji. Unyanzvi hwakasimba mu masvomhu, fizikisi, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko zvinobatsira zvikuru pakudzidziswa kwekubhururuka uye bvunzo dzeFAA dzendege.
Chirungu ndiwo mutauro wepasi rose wekufamba nendege, unoda kuti vatyairi vese vendege varatidze hunyanzvi hweLevel 4 kana kupfuura pasi rose. FAA ne ICAO zvinoda kuti vatyairi vendege vagone kuverenga, kunyora, uye kutaura Chirungu zvinobudirira pakutaurirana kwendege. Kuzadzisa zvinodiwa izvi zvakakosha ndiyo nhanho yekutanga yekutanga usati watanga chero chirongwa chekudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege.
Medical Pilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa
Kufamba nendege kunoda simba remuviri nepfungwa, ndosaka kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehutano zveFAA kwakakosha kuti muwane chitupa chekutyaira ndege. Usati watanga kudzidziswa kubhururuka, unofanirwa kupasa bvunzo yekurapa inoitiswa neFAA yakatenderwa. Aviation Medical Examiner.
Kubvumidzwa kwechiremba kunoita kuti vatyairi vendege vakwanise kubata zvakachengeteka zvinodiwa zvemuviri nepfungwa zvekushandisa ndege mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana. FAA inopa mapoka matatu akasiyana e zvitupa zvekurapa zvichienderana nerudzi rwekubhururuka kwaunoronga kuita.
Zvido zveMedical Certificate:
• Chitupa Chekurapa Chekirasi Yekutanga chevatyairi vendege
• Chitupa Chekurapa Chekirasi Yechipiri chevatyairi vendege dzekutengesa
• Chitupa Chekurapa Chekirasi Yechitatu chevatyairi vendege vega
Zvitupa zveFirst Class zvinoda kuvandudzwa mwedzi yega yega 6 kusvika ku12 ukuwo zvitupa zveSecond Class zvichiramba zvichishanda kwegore rimwe chete. Zvitupa zveThird Class zvinogara kwemakore maviri kusvika mashanu zvichienderana nezera remutyairi panguva yekuburitswa. Mamwe matambudziko ehutano anogona kuita kuti vatyairi vendege vasakodzere kana kuda mvumo yakakosha yeFAA kuburikidza nezvirongwa zveSpecial Issuance Medical Certification.
Kuti unyorere, tsvaga AME ine mvumo yeFAA, zadza fomu rekunyorera. MedXPress kunyorera online, uye kuongororwa kwekuona uye kwemwoyo. Kupasa bvunzo yekurapa kwakakosha usati watanga kudzidziswa kwendege, kuve nechokwadi chekuti wazadzisa zvese zvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza.
Kusarudza Iyo Yakakodzera Ndege Yekudzidzisa Chirongwa
Haasi mapurogiramu ese ekudzidzira ndege akafanana, uye kusarudza zvine hungwaru kunokanganisa kumhanya kwekudzidzira, kushanda zvakanaka, uye mutengo wezvose. FAA inopa nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzekudzidzisa, Chikamu 61 uye Chikamu 141, chimwe nechimwe chakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvevadzidzi.
1. Kudzidziswa kweChikamu 61: Kuchinjika uye Kufamba Nesimba
Kudzidziswa kweChikamu 61 kunobvumira vadzidzi kuronga zvidzidzo zvine chekuita nebasa, chikoro, kana mabasa avo ega kuti vagone kuronga zvinhu zviri nyore. Maitiro aya ekufamba netsoka anoda maawa akawanda endege, akadai semaawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu kuti vakwanise kuwana CPL. Yakanakira vadzidzi vanoda kushanduka-shanduka asi vasinganetseki nenguva refu yekudzidziswa vasati vawana rezenisi yavo.
2. Chikamu 141 Kudzidziswa: Kwakarongwa uye Kwakakurumidzirwa
Chikamu 141 chinotevera chimiro chakarongeka Chidzidzo chedzidzo chakatenderwa neFAA inoda maawa mashoma ekubhururuka, se190 yeCommercial Pilot License. Chirongwa ichi chinoda nguva dzakaoma asi chinoita kuti chipedzwe nekukurumidza, zvichiita kuti chikwezve vadzidzi vari kutsvaga kupinda mubasa nekukurumidza. Mapurogiramu mazhinji ekufambisa ndege emayunivhesiti anotevera gwara reChikamu 141, iro rinokurudzira vanotsvaga vashandi vendege vari kutsvaga vanhu vane hunhu hwakanaka uye vakadzidziswa zvakanaka.
3. Zvikoro zveNdege zvechinyakare
chinyakare zvikoro zvekubhururuka Zvikoro izvi zvinongotarisa pakudzidziswa kwendege pasina kushandisa madhigirii, zvichideredza mari nenguva zvakanyanya. Zvikoro izvi zvinokoshesa kuwana marezenisi evadzidzi nekukurumidza uye nemutengo wakaderera, zvichiita kuti vafarirwe nevanochinja mabasa pamwe nevadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika.
4. Zvirongwa zveYunivhesiti zveNdege
Zvirongwa zveyunivhesiti zvinosanganisa madhigirii ekukoreji nekudzidziswa kwekubhururuka, izvo dzimwe kambani huru dzendege dzinosarudza padzinotora vanhu vatsva vanoda kukwikwidza mundege. Nzira iyi inotora nguva yakareba uye inodhura zvakawanda asi inowanzo sanganisira kubatana zvakananga nendege izvo zvinogona kukurumidza kuita mabasa.
5. Zvinofungwa Nevadzidzi Vepasi Pose
Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vanofanirwa kuwana M-1 or Mavhiza eF-1 uye pedza gwaro rekuchengetedza reTSA usati watanga zvidzidzo zvekubhururuka. Hazvisi zvese zvikoro zvekubhururuka zvine mvumo yekudzidzisa vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika, saka kusarudza mapurogiramu akatenderwa neFAA kwakakosha zvikuru.
Ground Chikoro Pilot Kudzidziswa Zvinodiwa
Vatyairi vendege vasati vakwira mudenga, vanofanira kunge vaine ruzivo rwedzidziso inokosha yekubhururuka nekushanda kwendege. Chikoro chepasi chinodzidzisa mitemo, fizikisi, uye nzira dzekuchengetedza dzinodiwa vasati vabata chero ndege pakubhururuka chaiko.
Chikoro chepasi hachisi chekungopasa chete FAA yakanyorwa bvunzo asi kunzwisisa mafambisirwo ekufamba nendege zvakachengeteka mumamiriro ese ezvinhu. Vatyairi vendege vanodzidza nezvekufamba nendege, airspace mitemo, kududzira mamiriro ekunze, zvishandiso zvekubhururuka, uye kufamba-famba kuti ugadzirire mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ekubhururuka.
Zvifukidzo zveChikoro Chepasi:
• Aerodynamics uye misimboti yekubhururuka
• Mitemo yeFAA uye kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzemudenga
• Mamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekunze, uye masisitimu ekufambisa
Zvidzidzo zvikuru zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa kusimudza, kudhonza, kusunda, uye kuti ndege dzinoramba sei dziri mudenga panguva dzakasiyana dzekubhururuka zvakachengeteka. Vadzidzi vanodzidza kuverenga mishumo yemamiriro ekunze, kududzira machati endege, kuverenga huwandu hwemafuta, uye kuronga nzira dzekufamba nadzo munyika dzakasiyana. Mitemo yeFAA, maitiro ekukurumidzira, nemitemo yenzvimbo dzemudenga zvinoumba hwaro hwekuita sarudzo dzakachengeteka mucockpit.
Chikoro chepamhepo chinopa mukana wekudzidzira zviri nyore uye kudzidza nekukurumidza kune vadzidzi vanobata basa kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinobudirira nhasi. Kudzidziswa mukirasi kunopa mukana wekutaurirana, kutungamirirwa, uye mukana wekuwana varairidzi vendege vane ruzivo zuva nezuva. Mafomu ese ari maviri anosangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege kweFAA, saka sarudzo inoenderana nemaitiro ekudzidza emunhu wega uye purogiramu.
Flight Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa uye Maminimum Maawa
Kusangana nezvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege hakusi kungopasa bvunzo chete asi kunyora maawa akakwana ekubhururuka kuti uwane hunyanzvi. FAA inotara nguva yakatarwa yekubhururuka yerezenisi yega yega, ichiva nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vendege vanowana ruzivo mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekubhururuka.
Nguva dzekubhururuka dzakagadzirirwa kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwekubhururuka hwenyika chaiyo, kwete kungounganidza nguva mucockpit chete. Chikamu chega chega cherezinesi chinoda maawa akawanda zvishoma nezvishoma, nekudzidziswa kwakagadzirirwa kuvaka chivimbo, ruzivo rwekuchengetedza, uye hunyanzvi hwepamusoro.
1. Zvinodiwa zveLayisensi yeMutyairi wePrivate (PPL)
Purogiramu yePPL inoda maawa makumi mana ekubhururuka, kusanganisira kudzidziswa kaviri uye nguva yekubhururuka uri wega yakanyorwa. Vadzidzi vanopedza ndege dzemuno, kusimuka, kumhara, uye kufamba-famba zvishoma nezvishoma kuratidza hunyanzvi hwavo vasati vanyora bvunzo dzeFAA.
2. Zvinodiwa zveRezinesi reKutyaira Ndege Yekutengesa (CPL)
CPL inoda maawa mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu ekudzidziswa pasi peChikamu 61 kana maawa zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe pasi pechirongwa cheChikamu 141 chakarongeka. Kudzidziswa uku kwepamusoro kunosanganisira mashandiro akaomarara endege, kubhururuka nemidziyo, uye manejimendi ebhizinesi ekugadzirira vatyairi vendege mabasa ekubhururuka anobhadharwa.
3. Zvinodiwa neLayisensi yeKufambisa Ndege (ATPL)
ATPL inoda maawa chiuru nemazana mashanu ekubhururuka kuti ikwanise kushanda pabasa revatungamiriri vendege mumakambani emakambani ekufambisa ndege muAmerica. Ruzivo urwu rwakakura runovimbisa kuti vatyairi vendege vanotarisira ndege hombe, vatakuri, uye mabasa ekubhururuka akaomarara zvakachengeteka pasi pemitemo yese.
4. Matunhu Akakosha Ekudzidzisa
Ndege dzega kuratidza chivimbo nehunyanzvi, kudzidziswa kwekuyambuka nyika inodzidzisa kufamba pakati penhandare dzendege, uye usiku kubhururuka inovaka hunyanzvi. Aya matanho akakosha anoita kuti vatyairi vendege vashande zvakanaka mumamiriro akasiyana, zvichivagadzirira zvitupa zvepamusoro uye mabasa chaiwo.
5. Kudzidziswa kweSimulator vs. Chiitiko Chechokwadi Chekufamba Nendege
Michina yemazuva ano yekufambisa ndege inobatsira vadzidzi kudzidzira maitiro ekukurumidzira, kufamba nemidziyo, uye kufamba-famba kwepamusoro pasina njodzi dzekubhururuka munyika chaiyo. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwechokwadi rwemutyairi wendege haruna kutsiviwa, ndosaka FAA ichiraira kuti ndege dzisapfuure maawa mashoma usati wapihwa chitupa.
Zvinodiwa Pakudzidzisa Mutyairi: Examinations uye Certification Maitiro
Kuva mutyairi wendege ane certification hakusi kungobhururuka chete asiwo kupasa bvunzo dzeFAA kuratidza ruzivo rwekufamba nendege. Mutyairi wendege wese anofanira kupedzisa bvunzo dzakanyorwa, dzemuromo, uye dzekushanda sechikamu chezvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa kwekutyaira nendege munyika yese.
Bvunzo idzi dzinoedza ruzivo rwedzidziso, kuita sarudzo dzechokwadi, uye hunyanzvi hwekubhururuka pasi pemitemo yakasimba yeFAA. Kupasa zvese zvikamu zvitatu zvinosungirwa usati wagamuchira rezinesi rekutyaira, zvichiva nechokwadi chekuti vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi chete ndivo vanofambisa ndege zvakachengeteka.
Miedzo Inodiwa:
• Ruzivo rwedzidziso rwekuongororwa kwebvunzo dzeFAA
• Bvunzo yemuromo inoongorora kunzwisisa kwendege nemuromo
• Bvunzo yekufamba nendege (checkride) kuratidza hunyanzvi
Bvunzo yakanyorwa yeFAA inosanganisira aerodynamics, mamiriro ekunze, kufamba, kuronga ndege, uye mitemo yemuchadenga kuburikidza nemibvunzo yakawanda yekusarudza online. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuwana mamaki ekupasa vasati vasvika padanho rekuyedza nemuromo uye nekushanda nevanoongorora veFAA zvakananga. Izvi zvinoita kuti ruzivo rwekutanga ruve rwakasimba vasati vapinda mucockpit kuti vaongorore ndege chaiyo uye vaedze.
Bvunzo yemuromo inosanganisira kubvunza kwakadzama nezvekuronga ndege, maitiro ekukurumidza, kuverenga mashandiro endege, uye kududzira mamiriro ekunze. Kuongororwa kwendege kunosanganisira kuongorora ndege isati yabhururuka, kuronga, kusimuka, kumhara, kubata njodzi, uye kuratidza hunyanzvi hwekufamba. Kupasa bvunzo iyi kunowana rezenisi yemutyairi zviri pamutemo, zvichibvumira vatyairi kuti vabhururuke vari pasi pezvitupa zvavo zvitsva nekukasika.
Mareti Epamusoro uye Zvitupa Zvakakosha
Kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa kwemutyairi wendege hakugumiri mushure mekuwana rezenisi rekutanga rekutyaira ndege. Mareti epamusoro uye zvitupa zvakakosha zvinowedzera maropafadzo ekubhururuka, zvinovandudza mikana yebasa, uye zvinobvumira vatyairi vendege kushandisa ndege dzakasarudzika.
Zvitupa izvi zvinopa mukana wekuti vatyairi vendege vakwanise kubhururuka munzvimbo dzisinganyatsooneki zvakanaka, kushandisa ndege dzine injini dzakawanda, uye kuve nyanzvi. Zvitupa zvepamusoro zvakakosha pamabasa ekufambisa ndege dzemabhizinesi uye zvinowedzera mikana yemabasa kune vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi munyika yese.
1. Kuyera Chishandiso (IR) cheKubhururuka kweMamiriro ekunze
Chiyero cheInstrument Rating chinobvumira vatyairi vendege kubhururuka mumakore, mhute, uye mamiriro ekunze asingaonekwe zvakanaka vachishandisa zvishandiso chete. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kupedza maawa angangoita makumi mana ekudzidziswa kwekubhururuka nemidziyo, kubhururuka nendege dzeIFR dzemunyika, uye bvunzo. Mabasa mazhinji ekufambisa ndege dzebhizinesi anoda Chiyero cheInstrument, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kune vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi vanotsvaga mabasa endege kana emakambani.
2. Kuongororwa Kwemainjini Akawanda (ME) kweNdege Dzakafambira Mberi
Chiyero cheMulti Engine Rating chinodiwa kune vatyairi vendege nemakambani vanoshandisa ndege dzine injini dzinopfuura imwe chete. Chiyero ichi chinovhara manejimendi yekumhanyisa injini isina kuenzana panguva yekutadza kweinjini, maitiro ekukurumidza, uye musiyano wekushanda pakati peinjini imwe chete neinjini dzakawanda. Ndege dzine injini dzakawanda dzinopa kushanda kuri nani, kumhanya, uye kuvimbika zviri nani, zvichiwedzera mikana yemabasa kune vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi.
3. Kuongororwa kwendege yegungwa
Chitupa cheSeaplane chinodiwa kuti munhu abhururuke nendege dzine midziyo inobhururuka mumvura nepanyika uye dzakagadzirwa nendege dzinoyangarara mumvura nepanyika zvakachengeteka. Chitupa ichi chakasiyana chinovhura mikana yekubhururuka mumasango, kushanyira nzvimbo dzinoyevedza, uye mabasa ekutakura vanhu munzvimbo dziri kure munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe.
4. Kutsigirwa kweTailwheel
Kubvumidzwa kweTailwheel kunosungirwa pakushandisa ndege dzinodhonza tailwheel dzinowanzo shandiswa mukubhururuka nendege uye kubhururuka mumasango. Chitupa ichi chinodzidzisa vatyairi vendege hunyanzvi hwakasiyana hwekubata pasi hunodiwa pakushandisa zvinhu zvekumhara zvechinyakare zvisingawanikwe pamidziyo yemabhasikoro matatu.
5. Kudzidziswa kweAerobatic
Kudzidziswa kwendege kunogadzirira vatyairi vendege kugona kufambisa ndege nemazvo uye kubhururuka nemhepo zvisina tsarukano uye kudzidziswa kwekubhururuka kwepamusoro. Unyanzvi uhwu hunozadzisa zvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege vanoshanda muzvikamu zvehunyanzvi zvendege zvakaita sezvikwata zvekuratidzira ndege.
Pilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa: Mari uye Nguva Kuzvipira
Kuva mutyairi wendege hakusi kungozadzisa zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwemutyairi wendege chete asiwo kunoda kuronga mari nokungwarira. Mari yekudzidzira ndege inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwerezinesi, nzvimbo, uye nzira yekudzidzisa inosarudzwa nevadzidzi. Kunzwisisa mari idzi kwakakosha usati watanga rwendo kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti bhajeti rako rinoitwa nemazvo uye kudzivirira matambudziko emari.
Kudzidziswa kwendege kwePrivate Pilot License kunodhura $10,000 kusvika $18,000, ukuwo kudzidziswa kweCommercial Pilot License kuri pamusoro zvakanyanya. Kudzidziswa kwebhizinesi kunowanzoita $35,000 kusvika $80,000 zvichienderana neChikamu 61 kana zvichienzaniswa neChikamu 141 zvirongwa zvakasarudzwa. Mari yekuwedzera inosanganisira mari yeFAA medical certificate, mari yechikoro chepasi, zvidzidzo zvekufananidzira, zvekushandisa pakudzidzisa, nemari yebvunzo.
Vatyairi vendege vanogona kuderedza mari kuburikidza neFAA nemasangano ekufambisa ndege kubva kuAOPA, EAA, neWomen in Aviation. Zvirongwa zvekubhadhara mari yechikoro chendege, zvirongwa zvekubhadhara, uye zvikwereti zvevadzidzi zvezvirongwa zvekufambisa ndege zveyunivhesiti zvinobatsira kutarisira mari yekudzidziswa. Vadzidzi vazhinji vanosanganisa mabhezari, basa renguva pfupi, uye sarudzo dzemari kuti vapedze zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege zviri nyore.
Vadzidzi vanopedza nguva yakazara mundege vanogona kupedza PPL mumwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu uye CPL mugore rimwe kusvika maviri. Vadzidzi vanopedza nguva shoma vanogona kutora nguva yakareba zvichienderana nekuwanda kwekubhururuka, kuchinjika kwehurongwa, uye bhajeti panguva yekudzidzira. Kune avo vanoda kuva vatyairi vendege, chinodiwa cheATPL chemaawa chiuru nemazana mashanu chinowanzo tora makore maviri kusvika mashanu.
Nzira dzeBasa Mushure mekusangana nePilot Kudzidzisa Zvinodiwa
Kana wangozadzisa zvese zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege, danho rinotevera kusarudza nzira chaiyo yebasa. Vatyairi vendege vane mikana yakawanda kubva pakubhururuka vari vega kusvika pakushandira makambani endege, makambani ekuhaya, kana mabasa ekutakura zvinhu munyika yese.
Kutungamirirwa nebasa kunoenderana nezvikwaniriso, maawa ekubhururuka akaunganidzwa, zvinangwa zvenguva refu, uye zvido zvemunhu wega zvemhando dzekubhururuka. Kunzwisisa sarudzo dziripo kunobatsira vatyairi vendege kuita sarudzo dzakagadzirwa neruzivo nezvekuvaka mabasa ekufambisa ndege anobudirira mushure mekupedza zvitupa zvekudzidziswa zvinodiwa.
1. Mikana yeVatyairi vePrivate vs. Mikana yeVatyairi veMabhizinesi
Rezenisi Yekutyaira Yega inobvumira vatyairi vendege kubhururuka nekuda kwezvinangwa zvavo kana zvekuzvivaraidza asi inorambidza kuwana mari. Rezenisi Yekutyaira Yekutengesa inodiwa pamabasa ese ekubhururuka anobhadharwa anosanganisira kudzidzisa ndege, kutyaira ndege, nezvimwewo. Vane CPL vanogona kushanda mukudzidzisa ndege, kutyaira ndege, kutora mifananidzo yemudenga, kuongorora, uye kudhonza mabhanari semikana yekupinda.
2. Ndege dzemudunhu
Makambani endege emunharaunda anopa mabasa akanaka kwazvo ekutanga endege kune vatyairi vendege vanovaka maawa ekubhururuka eATP anosvika maawa 1,500. Makambani aya anoshandisa ndege diki munzira pfupi, achipa ruzivo rwakakosha rweturbine uye kudzidziswa kwakarongeka kwekufambira mberi. Ruzivo rwendege dzemunharaunda runogadzirira vatyairi vendege kuti vashandukire kumakambani makuru endege kana zvinodiwa zveawa yekubhururuka zvazadzikiswa zvinobudirira.
3. Kubhadhara neKufambisa Ndege Kwemakambani
Vatyairi vendege dzemakambani vanofambisa makambani makuru kana vatengi vavo mundege dzemhando yepamusoro nedze turboprop. Mabasa aya anowanzo kupa nguva dziri nani, mari yakawanda, uye mararamiro anochinjika zvichienzaniswa nemabasa ekubhururuka nendege. Vatyairi vendege dzemakambani vanowanzoda hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekushandira vatengi pamwe chete nehunyanzvi hwakanaka hwekubhururuka kuti vabudirire muchikamu ichi.
4. Cargo Operations
Vatyairi vendege vanotakura zvinhu vanotakura zvinhu zvemakambani akaita seFedEx, UPS, kana DHL, vanowanzo famba nendege hombe husiku. Mabasa aya anopa mikana yakanaka yekugadzira ndege nenguva uye muripo wemakwikwi kune vatyairi vendege vanotsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekufambisa ndege dzevatakuri. Kufamba nendege kunoda hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekushandisa zvinhu uye kugona kushanda vakazvimiririra panguva dzekushanda husiku munyika yese.
5. Matanho Ekuva Mutyairi Wendege (ATP)
Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuunganidza maawa chiuru nemazana mashanu ekufamba nendege kuburikidza nemirairo, kubhururutsa ndege, kana mabasa endege dzemunharaunda kuti vakwanise kupinda muATP. Vanofanira kupasa bvunzo dzeFAA ATP dzakanyorwa uye dzinoshanda uye kuwana mareti emhando yendege huru dzekutengeserana. Kunyorera kumakambani makuru endege kunova kunogoneka kana ruzivo rwese nemasetifiketi zvapedzwa, zvichikonzera mabasa anobhadhara zvakanyanya.
mhedziso
Kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege ndiyo hwaro hwekuvaka basa rekufambisa ndege rinobudirira uye rine mubayiro muindasitiri yanhasi. Kubva pakuwana rezenisi rePrivate Pilot kusvika rezenisi reCommercial Pilot uye rezenisi reAirline Transport Pilot, danho rega rega rinokosha. Chitupa chega chega chinovimbisa kuti vatyairi vendege vanowana hunyanzvi hwakakosha, ruzivo, uye zvitupa zvepamutemo zvinodiwa kuti vafambe nendege vakachengeteka.
Kudzidziswa kwakarongeka, kudzidza nguva dzose, uye kuronga mabasa zvine hungwaru ndizvo zvakakosha pakuva mutyairi wendege wehunyanzvi mumisika inokwikwidzana. Kusarudza chikoro chekubhururuka chakakodzera, kutsvaga nzira dzekubhadhara mari, uye kusarudza mapurogiramu ekudzidzisa akakodzera kunoita kuti rwendo ruve nyore. Kunzwisisa mitengo, nguva, uye nzira dzebasa zvinobatsira vatyairi vendege vanoda kutanga vaisa zvinangwa zvine musoro uye kudzivirira matambudziko asina basa ekudzidziswa.
Kudiwa kwevatyairi vendege kuri kukura nekukurumidza, uye avo vanozvipira kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvese zvekudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege vanowana mikana. Kana uchida kuva mutyairi wendege zvechokwadi, sarudza mumwe chikoro chendege chine mukurumbira, tanga kudzidziswa, uye shanda zvishoma nezvishoma. Basa rako rekufambisa ndege rinotanga nedanho rekutanga rekuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa kwevatyairi vendege veFAA uye kuvaka maawa ekubhururuka.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa Nezve Zvinodiwa Pakudzidziswa Kwevatyairi Vendege
Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti uve mutyairi wendege?
Kuti uve mutyairi wendege, unofanirwa kunge uine makore gumi nematanhatu ekuberekwa kuti ubhururuke uri wega uye gumi nemanomwe kuti uwane rezenisi rePrivate Pilot. Unoda diploma rechikoro chesekondari kana GED, kupasa bvunzo yekurapa yeFAA, kuratidza kugona Chirungu, kudzidza pasi, kunyora maawa mashoma ekubhururuka (40 ePPL), uye kupasa bvunzo dzekunyora, dzemuromo, uye dzekushanda.
Kudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege kunodhura marii?
Mari yekudzidziswa kwemutyairi wendege inosiyana zvichienderana nerudzi rwerezinesi. License yePrivate Pilot inodhura $10,000 kusvika $18,000, License yeCommercial Pilot inotangira pa$35,000 kusvika $80,000, uye kusvika kwemaawa endege chiuru nemazana mashanu eAirline Transport Pilot License kunogona kudarika $100,000. Vadzidzi vazhinji vanoshandisa mabhezari, mari, uye zvirongwa zvekubhadhara kuti vatarisire mari.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uve mutyairi wendege?
Vadzidzi venguva yakazara vanogona kuwana Private Pilot License mumwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu uye Commercial Pilot License mugore rimwe kusvika maviri. Kusvika maawa ekubhururuka anosvika chiuru nemazana mashanu (1,500) anodiwa kuti uwane Airline Transport Pilot License kunowanzotora makore maviri kusvika mashanu kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kwekubhururuka, kubhururutsa ndege, kana mabasa endege munharaunda.
Ini ndinoda dhigirii rekukoreji kuti ndive mutyairi wendege?
Kwete, unongoda diploma rechikoro chesekondari kana GED kuti usvike pazvinodiwa pakudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege kweFAA. Zvisinei, dzimwe kambani huru dzendege dzinoda vanhu vane madhigirii eBachelor, uye mapurogiramu ekufambisa ndege emayunivhesiti anogona kuvandudza mikana yekuwana mabasa mumakambani anokwikwidzana.
Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvehutano zvinofanirwa kusvikwa nevatyairi vendege?
Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kupasa bvunzo yekurapa yeFAA inoongorora kuona, kunzwa, hutano hwemwoyo, uye mashandiro etsinga. Vatyairi vendege vega vanoda Chitupa Chekurapa Chechitatu, vatyairi vendege vemabhizinesi vanoda Chechipiri, uye vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kuwana zvitupa zveFirst-Class. Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu angada kuregeredzwa kweSpecial Issuance.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve maitiro ekushandura rezenisi rezenisi rekunze mumatanho mana.
