Nhanganyaya yeIndicated Airspeed
Paunotanga rwendo rwekunzwisisa mechanics endege, munhu anofanira kutanga atenda basa rakakosha rinoitwa neinoratidzirwa airspeed (IAS). Iyo yakakosha parameter mune cockpit, inoratidzwa zvakanyanya pa airspeed chiratidzo. Iyi nhanho yakakosha haisi nhamba chete asi chikamu chakakosha cheruzivo chinoshandiswa nevatyairi vendege kuona kuti ndege inoshanda mukati memaitiro akachengeteka.
Iyo yakakosha yeinoratidzirwa airspeed inodarika kukosha kwayo kwenhamba; inomiririra kudzvinyirirwa kwesimba kunoitwa nekufamba kwendege, kunoratidzwa sekumhanya kwemhepo nechiridzwa. Uku kudzvanywa kwesimba kwakakosha kune aerodynamics yendege, inofurira kusimudza, zvuva, uye kuita kwese. Mapepa ekutanga uye vatyairi vane ruzivo zvakafanana vanofanira kubata nuances yeIAS kugona matenga.
Kunzwisisa pfungwa yeinotaridza kumhanya kwemhepo kunoda kunzvera mufizikisi yekubhururuka. Airspeed zviratidzo zvinoyera mutsauko wekumanikidzwa pakati pemhepo isingachinjiki yakatenderedza ndege uye simba rekumanikidza mumhepo yendege. Musiyano uyu ndiwo unoona vatyairi vendege sekuratidzwa kwemhepo. Icho chinongedzo chakananga kune kugona kwekuita kwendege munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana uye mamiriro.
Kunzwisisa Nheyo dzeIndicated Airspeed
Yakaratidzwa airspeed inoumba mbiru data vatyairi vanotanga kuona pazviridzwa zvavo. Ndiko kumhanya kwendege sekuyerwa ne pitot-static system, iyo inobatanidza ese ari maviri pitot chubhu yekuyera ine simba kudzvanywa uye static ports yekuyera ambient atmospheric pressure. Iyo airspeed chiratidzo inobva yashandisa zviyero izvi kuratidza IAS.
Chiyero ichi hachiverengeri shanduko mukuwanda kwemhepo kana tembiricha. Kusiyana kwakadaro kunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya maitiro echokwadi ekuita kwendege. Saka, nepo IAS iriyo kuyerwa kwakananga kunowanikwa kumutyairi wendege, haisiriyo inomiririra kumhanya kwendege pamusoro pevhu kana hamvuropu yekushanda kwayo.
Kudyidzana pakati pechiratidzo chemhepo uye pitot-static system inosimbisa kukosha kwekunzwisisa zvipimo zvechiridzwa. Kuvharika muhurongwa kana zvikanganiso zvezviridzwa zvinogona kutungamirira kukuverenga kusiri iko. Saka, vatyairi vendege vanofanira kudzidziswa kuti vaone kusiyana kwakadaro uye kuziva mapinduriro avanofanira kuita kuti vaone kuchengeteka kwendege.
Kukosha kweInoratidzirwa Airspeed muAviation
Kumhanya kwemhepo kunoratidzwa haisi nhamba chete pajeji; ndiwo musimboti wenzira dzakachengeteka dzokubhururuka nendege. Mukubhururuka nendege, kutonga kumhanya kwemhepo kwakakosha kuchengetedza kutonga kwendege. IAS inopa referensi yakavimbika kune vatyairi vendege kuti vaite zvakakosha maneuvers, kubva pakusimuka kusvika pakumhara. Imhanyi iyo vatyairi vendege vanoronga nayo kushanda kwavo kwendege, vachiita zvisarudzo pamusoro penguva yokukwira, nguva yokuburuka, uye nguva yokugadziridza mafambiro avo panzira.
Uyezve, IAS inoshandiswa kutevedzera mitemo yekudzora traffic uye kuona kuti ndege inoramba iri mukati memiganhu yayo. Imwe neimwe ndege ine spidhi chaiyo inozivikanwa seV-kumhanya, iyo inotemerwa neIAS. Izvi zvinosanganisira kumhanya kwekushanda kwakachengeteka, senge Vr yekutenderera uye Vne yekusambopfuura kumhanya, izvo zvakakosha pakudzivirira kutadza kwemaitiro ekubhururuka.
Kukosha kweIAS kunoenderera kune basa rayo mukuona kuti kufamba kwendege kwakanaka. Inobvumira kushandiswa kwemafuta nekugonesa vatyairi kubhururuka nekumhanya kunoderedza kudhonza uye kuwedzera kusimudza. Panyaya iyi, IAS inoshanda senzira inotungamira kune vatyairi vendege kuti vafambe kwakasiyana-siyana mamiriro ekubhururuka, zvichiita kuti ive yakakosha muindasitiri yendege.
Maitiro eKuverengera Yakaratidza Airspeed
Kuverengera kuratidzwa kwekumhanya kwemhepo ndiko kunyanya kushanda kwechiratidzo chekumhanya kwendege. Nekudaro, kunzwisisa maitiro ari kumashure kwekuverenga kunogona kupa ruzivo mukushanda kwechiridzwa. Iko kuverenga kunotanga nepitot-static system inotora simba remhepo rinopokana nendege sezvainoenda kumberi.
Iyi dzvinyiriro ine simba inozoenzaniswa nemhepo yemhepo yakayerwa kuburikidza neakamira madoko. Iyo airspeed chiratidzo, mechanical kana yemagetsi mudziyo, inodudzira iyi yekumanikidza musiyano uye inoshandura kuita kuverenga nekukurumidza, iyo inoratidzwa seIAS. Iyi nzira, kunyangwe ichiita seyakajeka, inosanganisira kuomesesa uye kugadzirisa mukati mechiridzwa kuti ive nechokwadi.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo chiratidzo chemhepo chisiri kushanda nemazvo, vatyairi vendege vanogona kushandisa nzira dzekuchengetedza kufungidzira IAS yavo. Nzira idzi dzinogona kusanganisira maverengero anoenderana neGPS data, kumhanya kwepasi, kumhanya kwemhepo, uye kwaakananga, kunyangwe asina kurongeka sekuverenga kwakananga kweIAS kubva pane inoshanda. pitot-static system.
Maitiro ekuverenga IAS akamisikidzwa, asi zvakakosha kuziva kuti chokwadi chekuverenga chinogona kukanganiswa nezvakati wandei. Izvi zvinosanganisira kukanganisa kwechiridzwa, kusawirirana kwekuisa, uye mamiriro eiyo pitot-static system. Nguva dzose kugadzirisa uye kuenzanisa kwakakosha kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti iyo yakaratidza airspeed calculation inoramba yakavimbika.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Zvinoratidzwa Airspeed
Kunyange zvazvo kumhanya kwemhepo kunoratidzwa kuchipa humbowo hunokosha kuvatyairi vendege, kunokonzerwa nezviuru zvezvinhu zvinogona kuchinja kururama kwayo. Chimwe chakadaro idensity yemhepo, iyo inochinja nekukwirira, tembiricha, uye mhepo yemhepo. Sezvo ndege inokwira, kuwanda kwemhepo kunodzikira, zvichikonzera kusawirirana pakati peIAS nemafambiro echokwadi endege.
Kusiyana kwetembiricha kunoitawo basa mukukanganisa kuverenga kweIAS. Mhepo inotonhora yakaoma kudarika mhepo inodziya, zvinoreva kuti kune imwe chete IAS, ndege inenge ichifamba nekukurumidza mumamiriro ekutonhora zvichienzaniswa nemamiriro ekudziya. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa kuti vatyairi vendege vanoona sei kumhanya kwemhepo uye zvingada kugadziriswa kuchengetedza kuita kwaunoda.
Chimwe chinhu ndechekuita kweiyo airspeed chiratidzo pachayo. Kukanganisa kwechiridzwa kunogona kusimuka kubva kumatambudziko ekugadzirisa, kupfeka uye kubvarura, kana kukuvadzwa kwepitot-static system. Nguva dzose kuchengetedza uye pre-ndege macheki kwakakosha pakuziva uye kugadzirisa nyaya idzi kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuverenga kweIAS kunoramba kuri kwakavimbika kweruzivo rwevatyairi vendege.
Indicated Airspeed vs. True Airspeed
Kusiyanisa pakati yakaratidza airspeed uye yechokwadi airspeed (TAS) zvakakosha kuti vatyairi vendege vafambe nemazvo. Yechokwadi airspeed account yekusiyana kwemhepo density uye tembiricha isingaite IAS. TAS ndiyo kumhanya chaiko uko ndege iri kufamba mumhepo uye yakakosha pakuronga nekubhururuka kwendege.
Kushandura IAS kuita TAS, vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kukonzeresa huwandu hwemhepo pahurefu hwavo hwazvino uye tembiricha. Kururamisa uku kunowanzoitwa pachishandiswa komputa yemundege kana bhegi rendege yemagetsi (EFB) maapplication anoshandura shanduko nekutarisa zvinosiyana zvinoenderana.
Kunzwisisa mutsauko uripo pakati peIAS neTAS kwakakoshawo pakukurukurirana nekudzora kufambiswa kwemhepo uye nekuchengetedza kupatsanura mwero munzvimbo inodzorwa yemhepo. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kunge vaine hunyanzvi pakududzira kumhanya kwese kuri kuita kuti vaone mafambiro endege akachengeteka uye ane hunyanzvi, kunyanya kana vachibhururuka munzvimbo dzakakwirira apo musiyano uripo pakati peIAS neTAS unogona kukosha.
Impact yeIndicated Airspeed paFlight Performance
Kumhanya kwemhepo kunoratidzwa kune simba guru pakubhururuka kwendege. Ndiro dombo repakona apo vatyairi vendege vanogadzika zvisarudzo zvavo maererano nekukwirira, magadzirirwo emagetsi, uye marongerwo endege. IAS inokanganisa zvakananga kusimudza kunogadzirwa nemapapiro, izvo zvakakosha pakuchengetedza ndege.
Kana iyo IAS yakanyanya kuderera, ndege ine njodzi yekumira nekuda kwekutadza kusimuka. Sezvineiwo, kana iyo IAS yakanyanya kukwirira, ndege inogona kusangana nekushushikana zvisina kufanira paairframe yayo, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukukundikana kwemaitiro. Vatyairi vendege vanofanira, naizvozvo, kuramba vakangwarira kumhanya kwavo kwendege kuti ndege irambe iri mukati mehamvuropu inoshanda yakachengeteka.
Basa reIAS rinosvika pakusimuka kwendege nekumhara. Vatyairi vendege vanovimba nekuverenga kweIAS kuti vaone nguva yekutenderera panguva yekusimuka uye kuona kuti ndege inobata pasi nekumhanya kwakachengeteka panguva yekumhara. Aya matanho akakosha ekubhururuka anosimbisa kukosha kwekuverenga kweIAS kwechokwadi chekuchengetedza ndege.
Zvakajairika Kusanzwisisa nezve Indicated Airspeed
Kune akati wandei fungidziro pamusoro peinoratidzirwa airspeed iyo inogona kutungamira mukuvhiringika pakati pevatyairi vendege nevanofarira zvendege. Imwe kusanzwisisana kwakajairika ndeyekuti IAS inomiririra kumhanya kwendege maererano nepasi. Muchokwadi, IAS inoratidza kudzvanywa kwesimba uye hairatidzi zvakananga kumhanya kwepasi, iyo inogona kukanganiswa nemhepo nezvimwe zvinhu.
Imwe pfungwa isiriyo ndeyekutenda kuti IAS inoramba iripo zvisinei nekukwirira. Kunyange zvazvo IAS inoratidzira mhepo yemhepo sezvakayerwa nepitot-static system, haitauri nezvekuchinja kwehuwandu hwemhepo munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda chaiko kwendege.
Pakupedzisira, vamwe vanogona kufunga kuti IAS yepamusoro inogara yakaenzana nendege inokurumidza. Zvakadaro, IAS inofanirwa kunzwisiswa maererano nezvimwe zviyero zvekumhanya kwemhepo, zvakaita seTAS nekumhanya kwepasi, kunyatsokoshesa kuita kwendege. Izvo zvakakosha kubvisa fungidziro idzi dzisiridzo kukurudzira kunzwisisa kuri nani kwemhepo inomhanya.
Kufambira mberi mune Yakaratidza Airspeed Technology
Iyo nzvimbo yeinoratidzirwa airspeed tekinoroji yakaona kufambira mberi kwakakura mumakore apfuura. Zvitsva mudhijitari avionics zvakatungamira kune akanyanya uye akavimbika airspeed zviratidzo. Magirazi emazuva ano ecockpit anoratidza anobatanidza ruzivo rwekumhanya kwemhepo nerumwe ruzivo rwendege, zvichipa vatyairi vendege mufananidzo wakadzama wemamiriro endege.
Pamusoro pezvo, smart probes uye air data makomputa akashandura nzira yekuyerwa kwemhepo. Aya masisitimu anopa kukwenenzverwa uye anogona kubhadhara kune mamwe zvikanganiso zvirimo mune yechinyakare pitot-static masisitimu. Kubatanidzwa kweiyi matekinoroji epamusoro mumacockpit kwakavandudza kuchengetedzwa kwendege uye kushanda zvakanaka.
Tsvagiridzo inoenderera mberi mukugadzira yakatonyanya kuomesesa airspeed kuyerwa masisitimu, kusanganisira ayo anogona kuona uye kubhadhara icing mamiriro papitot chubhu. Remangwana rehunyanzvi hwekumhanya kwendege rinovimbisa kupa vatyairi vezvishandiso zvisina kunyatsojeka chete asiwo kusimba kune nharaunda dzakaoma dzinosangana nendege.
mhedziso
Kufambisa denga zvakachengeteka uye zvakanaka kunotsamira pakunzwisisa kwomutyairi wendege uye kushandisa sipidhi yemhepo. Icho chinhu chakakosha chekubhururuka nendege chinopesvedzera chikamu chese chekubhururuka, kubva pakusimuka kusvika pakumhara. Mastery yeIAS inobvumira vatyairi vendege kuti vashandise ndege yavo mukati memiganhu yakachengeteka, kukwidziridza mashandiro, uye kutevedzera mirairo yekufamba kwemhepo.
Sezvo vatyairi vendege vachiramba vachienda kumatenga, kukosha kweIAS hakugone kuwedzeredzwa. Kungave kubhururuka nendege diki ine injini imwe chete kana kutyaira ndege inotengeswa, masipidhi ekumhanya kwemhepo anoratidzwa anoramba akafanana. Ndiyo mufambidzani wenguva dzose wevatyairi vendege, achivatungamirira kuburikidza nekuoma kwemhepo.
Iko kufambira mberi kweiyo airspeed kuyerwa tekinoroji inopa tarisiro inonakidza mune ramangwana rekubhururuka nendege. Nekuvandudza kwega kwega, vatyairi vendege vanoshongedzerwa nemidziyo iri nani yekutarisana nematambudziko ekubhururuka. Sezvatinopedzisa iyi nhungamiro yakazara, ngatiyeukei kuti kumhanya kwemhepo kunoratidzwa kunopfuura nhamba chete panhare—ndiko kurova kwemwoyo kwezviitwa zvakachengeteka uye zvinobudirira zvekubhururuka nendege.
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