Mundege, kuchengetedzeka kunotanga nguva refu isati yasimuka — uye kunotanga nekuongorora kwakakodzera kusati kwasimuka. Kunyangwe iwe uri kubhururuka wega semutyairi wemudzidzi kana kugadzirira ndege yekutengesa, kuongorora kwakazara hakusi kurudziro - ibasa repamutemo uye rakachengeteka-rakakosha pasi pe. FAA mitemo.
Kuongorora kusati kwasimuka kwendege kwakagadzirirwa kubata nyaya dzemakanika, kusashanda zvakanaka kwehurongwa, kana mapundu ezvinyorwa usati wambobva pasi. Ivo vanokubatsira kuti usimbise kuti ndege yacho inokodzera mhepo, kuti masisitimu anoshanda sezvaitarisirwa, uye kuti unoenderana nemirau yakadai. HEADIGHT 91.103. Cheki yekumhanyisa kana isina kukwana inogona kukonzeresa njodzi dzinodzivisika mundege-kana zvakatoipisisa, tsaona dzaisamboda kuitika.
Gwaro iri rinoparura hurongwa hwakazara: kubva pakutarisa magwaro anodiwa uye kunyatsofamba-famba kusvika pakuongorora hurongwa hwemafuta, cockpit, uye zvinodzora. Iwe unozowanawo ruzivo pamusoro pekukanganisa kwakajairwa, maturusi akaedzwa-mutyairi, uye maitiro ekusunga yako yekuongorora isati yasimuka mune yakazara mamiriro ekuziva cheki.
Chii chinonzi Pre-Flight Inspections?
Kuongorora ndege isati yasimuka ikuongorora kwakarongeka kunoitwa nemutyairi wendege isati yasimuka kuti aone kana ndege yacho inokodzera kubhururuka nendege, yakashongedzerwa zvakanaka, uye yakagadzirira kubhururuka kwaunenge uchida. Ongororo idzi dzese inzira yekuchengetedza uye zvinodiwa zviri pamutemo zvinosimbiswa neFAA pasi peFAR 91.103.
Maitiro acho anosanganisira kuona, tactile, uye inoshanda cheki yeese makuru masisitimu-mafuta, mafuta, nzvimbo dzekudzora, zviridzwa, zvinyorwa, uye midziyo yekukurumidzira. Vatyairi vendege vanoongorora kunze nemukati mendege, vosimbisa mwero wakakodzera wemvura, voona zviridzwa zviri kushanda, uye voona kuti hapana chakanganiswa kana kukanganiswa.
Kupfuura tsika yenguva dzose, kuongorora kusati kwasimuka ndege mutsara wekupedzisira wekudzivirira wemutyairi asati apinda. controlled airspace. Kana uri kubhururuka VFR kana IFR, kutora maminetsi mashanu kumhanya kuburikidza neyakarongwa yekutarisa inogona kuve mutsauko pakati pekubhururuka kwakanaka uye njodzi inodzivirirwa.
Zvinyorwa Zvinodiwa Kusati Kwendege (ARROW)
Usati wabata ndege, ongororo yako isati yasimuka inofanira kutanga nekuona kuti magwaro ese anodiwa ari mundege uye anoenderana here. MuUnited States, vatyairi vendege vanoshandisa acronym ARROW kurangarira aya magwaro mashanu akakosha:
- A - Chitupa Chekuita Nendege: Zvinoratidza kuti ndege inotenderwa zviri pamutemo kubhururuka.
- R - Registration Chitupa: Inosimbisa kuti ndege yakanyoreswa neFAA.
- R - Rezinesi reRadio Station: Zvinodiwa chete kundege dzepasi rese.
- O - Kutadza Kushanda: Inosanganisira iyo Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) kana AFM, uye chero zvikwangwani.
- W - Huremu uye Balance: Inofanira kunge yakarurama uye ichiratidza magadzirirwo azvino.
Kutarisa ARROW inhanho yakakosha pakuongorora kwako kusati kwabhururuka nekuti magwaro akashaikwa kana echinyakare anogona kudzikamisa kutiza kwako — kunyangwe ndege yacho inokodzera mhepo. Zvinotonyanya kukosha, kutadza kusimbisa kutevedza kweARROW kunogona kukonzera kutyorwa kweFAA kana mhosva yemutemo kana chiitiko chikaitika.
Hazvina mhosva kuti kubhururuka kunoratidzika sekwenguva dzose sei, gara uchisimbisa zvinyorwa zvako usati waenda kune wekufamba-famba.
Kunze Kwekufamba kwePre-Flight Inspections
Iyo Walkaround ndiyo iyo yako pre-ndege yekuongorora inotendeuka kubva padzidziso kuita chiito. Ndiwo mukana wako wekubata matambudziko emuchina, kubuda kwemvura, kana zviratidzo zvekukuvadzwa usati wazvipira kundege. Tsanangudzo yakarasika pano inogona kukubhadhara iwe kuchengetedza, nguva, kana kunyange rezinesi rako.
Heino maitiro ekuzviita nemazvo-nhanho nhanho:
Tanga neRuboshwe Bapiro
Kuongorora kwako kusati kwasimuka kunofanirwa kugara kuchitanga nebapiro rekuruboshwe. Tanga nekuona kuti chivharo chemafuta chakachengetedzwa zvakasimba uye chakavharwa. Chivharo chakasununguka chinogona kuita sechidiki, asi chinogona kukonzera kusaenzana kwemafuta kune njodzi kana kurasikirwa nemafuta pakubhururuka. Pazasi payo, tarisa kuti peturu haina kuvharika - mhepo yakavharika inogona kugadzira vacuum pressure mukati metangi, ichifa nenzara injini pakati pekubhururuka.
Zvadaro, zvinyoronyoro fambisa iyo fin uye kurova-rova kuburikidza nehuwandu hwavo hwakazara. Uri kutarisa kufamba kwakatsetseka, hapana kuomarara, uye kuramba kwakaringana. Ongorora mahinji, tsvimbo, uye zviremera—chero kusununguka kana kutamba kusina kujairika kunogona kuva chiratidzo chenyevero. Ichi chikamu chekuongorora kwako kusati kwabhururuka kunovimbisa kutonga kwakazara kwesimba usati wambotanga injini.
Enda KuMhino
Sezvaunoenderera mberi nekuongorora kwako kusati kwabhururuka wakananga kumhino, tanga nekuongorora windshield uye cowling. Tarisa madonhwe eshiri, kutsemuka, kana mafuta - izvi zvinogona kuratidza matambudziko akavanzika einjini kana kusangana kwemhuka dzesango munguva pfupi yapfuura. Kukuvadzwa kwepamusoro pamhepo yemhepo kunogonawo kukanganisa maonero, kunyanya panguva yekumhara kana IFR mamiriro.
Zvadaro, ongorora propeller yendege nekumhanyisa ruoko rwako zvinyoro nyoro pabadza rega rega. Tarisa ma nicks, dents, kana ngura, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kune njodzi kuneta kutadza. Usakanganwa kutarisa spinner uye cowling fasteners-zvese zvinofanira kunge zvakanyunguduka, zvakasimba, uye zvisina kusununguka kubva pamapuranga.
Chekupedzisira, ongorora giya remhino netai kuti rive nekukwira kwemitengo kwakaringana, mitsara yemabhureki yakachena, uye zviratidzo zvekudonha kwehydraulic. Aya macheki chikamu chakakosha cheyese yakachengeteka uye yakakwana pre-ndege yekuongorora.
Rudyi Bapiro & Fuselage
Pabapiro rekurudyi, kuongorora kwako kusati kwasimuka kunotanga nekudonhedza sampuli yemafuta kubva sump. Nyatsoongorora - uri kutsvaga mvura, tsvina, kana kushanduka. Kune 100LL, mafuta anofanira kunge ari bhuruu; yeJet A, yakajeka kusvika kushanga-yero. Kusvibiswa pano kunogona kukonzera kutadza kweinjini, saka usambofa wakasvetuka danho iri. Wobva waongorora marambi emapapiro nemaantenna, kuona kuti hapana pakatsemuka mumalenzi uye kuti mamongi ese akachena, akasimba, uye akachengeteka.
Dzokorora aileron yako uye cheki cheki sezvawakaita kuruboshwe rworuboshwe-usambofa wakafunga kuti mativi ose maviri akafanana. Tarisa kune yakazara, yakatsetseka kufamba, hapana kuomarara, uye yakasimba hardware. Pakupedzisira, tarisa iyo fuselage uye tailplane. Tarisa paganda kune madent, rivets asipo, kana kuputika, kunyanya kutenderedza chikamu chemuswe.
Aya macheki ezvimiro anotenderedza ongororo yekunze isati yasimuka uye anobatsira kuona kukuvara kwakavanzika kubva kundege dzakapfuura kana kumhara kwakashata.
Muswe Chikamu
Pedzisa kuongorora kwako kwekunze kusati kwabhururuka pamuswe, uko kunyangwe nyaya diki dzinogona kuve nemhedzisiro yekubhururuka. Tanga ne chikepe uye rudhi-vafambisa kuburikidza nekutsauka kuzere uye nyatsoteerera kune chero kukuya, kuomarara, kana kusajairika kuramba. Izvi zvinodzora ndege zvinofanirwa kushanda zvakasununguka uye zvakanaka; chero chipiro chinogona kukanganisa kubata panguva yekutenderera, kukwira-kunze, kana kupisa.
Tevere, tarisa iyo trim ma tabo ekuchengetedza uye kurongeka. Iyo yakasununguka kana kurongeka zvisizvo inogona kukonzera kusagadzikana kwakakomba kwenzwi kana kusingatarisirwe kudzora mapinza mukubhururuka. Kana ndege yako iine vhiri rekumuswe, tarisa kuti yakanyatsofefeterwa, yakasungirirwa zvakasimba, uye haina kutamba nepadivi zvakanyanya. Aya matanho ekupedzisira anozadza yakazara uye yakarongeka yekuongorora kwekunze kwekutanga kwendege, kuseta manzwi ekubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye ane chivimbo.
Chekupedzisira Cheki
Kupeta kuongorora kwako kusati kwasimuka, tarisa pane mashoma akakosha asi anowanzo kufuratirwa. Chekutanga, ita shuwa kuti ma static ports akachena, haana kuvharwa, uye haana tsikidzi kana marara. Iyo yakavharika static system inogona kukupa manyepo ekumhanya kwemhepo uye kukwira mudenga-zvichigona kutungamira kune kune njodzi kufunga mukubhururuka. Wobva watarisa pitot pipe. Bvisa chivharo uye ongorora kuvhura nemunwe wako. Zvipembenene, guruva, kana kukuvara zvinogona kuita kuti chiratidzo chemhepo chishaye basa.
Pakupedzisira, tora nhanho shoma kumashure uye ita 360-degree scan ye ndege yese. Iyi yekufamba-famba inokuita kuti uone zvinhu zvawakatarisa cheki angave akapotsa - gonhi remukwende rakavhurika, kuderera kwetayi, kana mapapiro asina kuenzana. Vimba nemafungiro ako. Kana chimwe chinhu chisingafadzi, chiongorore. Masekonzi mashoma ekuwedzera panguva yekuongorora kusati kwabhururuka kunogona kudzivirira maawa ekuzvidemba gare gare mumhepo.
Shandisa chinyorwa chakadhindwa—kwete ndangariro. Kuneta, kuvhiringika, kana kudzokorora kunogona kutungamirira kunyangwe vatyairi vendege vakanakisa kusvetuka zvinhu zvakakosha. Rangarira: kunyatsoongorora kusati kwaitika ndege ndiko kunodzivirira nyaya dzisati dzaitika.
Interior & Cockpit Inotarisa Pre-Flight Inspections
Kana uchinge wapedza kufamba kwekunze, pinda mukati uye utange chikamu chemukati chekuongorora kwako kusati kwabhururuka. Ichi chikamu chiri pamusoro pekugadzirira nendege ndege, midziyo yekuongorora, uye kuona kuti midziyo yekukurumidzira iripo uye inoshanda.
Tanga nekutarisa kuti mabhandi ezvigaro, tambo dzepamapfudzi, chekudzimisa moto, nekiti yerubatsiro rwekutanga zvese zviripo uye zviri kushanda. Izvi zvingaita sezvisingakoshi, asi zvinodiwa—uye zvinoponesa upenyu kana zvinhu zvikashata.
Zvadaro, fambisa kuburikidza nepaneri yezviridzwa. Seta yako altimeter kune nzvimbo yekumanikidza yekumisikidza uye simbisa iyo yemusoro chiratidzo inoenderana nekambasi. Tarisa madhigirii edunhu kune chero akaputika mabreak kana zviratidzo zvekupisa. Batidza tenzi uye avionics switch, wobva waedza mwenje, geji remafuta, uye annunciator panel.
Simbisa zvinodzorwa nendege zvinofamba zvakasununguka uye nemazvo—sundidzira, dhonza, uye momonyanisa joko uye zvidzoreso zvekudzoresa mukati mehuwandu hwazvo hwakazara. Nzira yakapfava, yemaitiro echikamu ichi chekuongorora kwako kusati kwasimuka inovaka kusatya uye inoderedza kushamisika mundege.
Mafuta, Mafuta & Fluid Inotarisa Pre-Ndege Inspections
Hapana pre-ndege yekuongorora inokwana pasina kunyatsoongorora mafuta ako, oiri, uye mamwe akakosha mvura. Tanga nekusimbisa huwandu hwemafuta hunoenderana nezvawakaronga nendege zvaunoda - rangarira kuzvidavirira tekisi, kukwira, matura, uye kunonoka kunonoka. Ona matangi ese uye shandisa chimuti chemafuta kana chiripo.
Gara uchitarisa giredhi remafuta-yepiston ndege, inofanira kunge iri 100LL (blue). Kana iwe ukaona yakajeka kana yero mafuta, unogona kunge wakatarisa kuJet A-usabhururuke kusvikira yagadziriswa. Bvisa mafuta kubva kune ese sumps kutarisa mvura, tsvina, kana mafuta emafuta kusawirirana.
Tevere, tarisa chiyero chemafuta einjini uchishandisa dipstick. Inofanirwa kuwira mukati menzvimbo yakachengeteka yekushanda-kwete pasi pehushoma kana kureba pamusoro pehukuru. Oiri yakaderera inogona kukonzera kukanganisa kweinjini; kuwandisa kunogona kukonzera kuputika. Kune imwe ndege, iwe ungangodawo kuongorora hydraulic fluid mazinga, mabhureki mitsetse, kana windshield washer reservoirs.
Tarisa uchitenderedza injini inokora uye dumbu kuti uwane mavuza matsva kana zvakasara. Iyi nhanho-yakatarisana nemvura yekuongorora kwako kusati kwasimuka inova nechokwadi chekuti ndege yako ine simba, yatonhodzwa, uye yaiswa mafuta kuitira kutiza yakachengeteka.
Mamiriro ekunze, NOTAMs, uye Flight Plan Pre-Flight Inspections
Nepo kuwongorora kwakawanda kusati kwasimuka kunotarisa ndege chaiyo, kuona mamiriro ekubhururuka kwakakosha. Usati watanga injini, ongorora-kusvika-zuva METARs uye TAFs yekusimuka, kuenda, uye dzimwe nhandare dzendege. Tarisa mamiriro emhepo, sirin'i, kuoneka, uye kuvapo kweiyo convective chiitiko kana icing.
Usakanganwa kuongorora mhepo iri kumusoro, kunyanya kana uri kubhururuka munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Kana iwe uri mudzidzi kana VFR-chete mutyairi, ita shuwa kuti mamiriro ekunze anosangana neese zvidiki zveyero yako uye ndege.
Zvadaro, dzokorora NOTAMs (Zviziviso kune Mhepo Misheni) kune akakodzera kuvharwa kwemigwagwa, kudzimwa kweshongwe, TFRs, kana shanduko kune zvinobatsira kufamba. Izvi zviri nyore kufuratira asi kazhinji zvakakosha pakufamba kwakachengeteka. Zvakare, tarisa kaviri hurongwa hwako hwekubhururuka - ingave VFR kana IFR. Ita shuwa kuti yakanyatso faira uye inoratidza mamiriro ekunze aripo uye data remaitirwo. Ichi chikamu chekuronga kuwedzera kwekuongorora kwako kusati kwabhururuka, kuve nechokwadi chekuti sarudzo dzako dzaziviswa, zviri pamutemo, uye zvinoenderana nemamiriro chaiwo ekubhururuka.
Shandisa Rondedzero Nguva Yese
Hazvina mhosva kuti ruzivo rwako rwakaita sei, chinyorwa chakanyorwa chinofanira kunge chiri pamwoyo pekuongorora kwako kusati kwasimuka. Kunyange vatyairi vendege vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vanogona kufuratira nhanho dzakakomba nokuda kwezvinotsausa, dzvinyiriro yenguva, kana kuti kuneta kwenguva dzose. Rondedzero yekutarisa inovimbisa kusachinja-chinja, inoderedza njodzi, uye inokudzivirira kubva pakusvetuka zvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kubhururuka.
Ingave yakadhindwa, yakashongedzwa, kana kuti chikamu chebhegi rendege yemagetsi (EFB), kuongorora kwako kusati kwasimuka kunofanirwa kutevedza mafambiro akajairwa-kubva pamagwaro e ARROW kuenda kumagetsi ekufambisa uye kudzora ndege. Gadzirisa rondedzero yako kana ichidikanwa yemhando yendege yako, asi usambovimba nendangariro chete. Mundege, chirango chinoponesa hupenyu—uye rondedzero ndicho chishandiso chakanakisa chemutyairi wendege chekuramba wakapinza uye wakachengeteka.
Zvakajairika Zvikanganiso Zvekunzvenga Panguva Yekutarisa Kwekutanga Kwendege
Kunyangwe vatyairi vendege vanoshingaira vanogona kufuratira matanho akakosha panguva yekuongorora kusati kwabhururuka. Pazasi pane zvimwe zvinowanzoitika kukanganisa uye maitiro ekuzvidzivirira:
1. Kusvetukira Fuel Sump Checks paMatangi Ese: Vamwe vatyairi vendege vanongodonhedza kubva mutangi rimwe remafuta kana kusvetuka danho iri zvachose. Iyi injodzi yakakomba. Mvura kana marara mune rimwe tangi zvinogona kutungamira mukutadza kweinjini pakati pekubhururuka. Gara uchiputira tangi yega yega uye nzvimbo yekudonhedza mafuta, zvisinei nekuti ndege yakabhururuka nguva pfupi yapfuura sei.
2. Isina Kukwana Kudzora Surface Checks: Kufambisa maailerons kana elevator nekamwe kukurumidza nudge hakuna kukwana. Unofanira kudaro kutsauka zvizere nzvimbo yega yega yekudzora uye tarisa kuoma, kusunga, kana ruzha rusina kujairika. Nyaya dzekudzora dzakapotsa dzinogona kushanduka kuita matambudziko makuru ekubata mumhepo.
3. Kuregeredza Pitot-Static System Blockages: Kusiya pitot chubhu chivharo pa-kana kusatarisa tsikidzi kana blockages-kunogona kuuraya yako airspeed uye kuverenga kwepamusoro. Iyo yakavharwa static port inogona kugadzira zvakakomba IFR zvikanganiso. Gara uchibvisa zvivharo uye tarisa zvese pitot uye static ports panguva yako yekutarisa kusati kwabhururuka.
4. Kufungidzira Zvinyorwa Ari Onboard uye Iyezvino: Usambofa wakafunga kuti ARROW magwaro ari mundege nekuti aivepo svondo rapfuura. Zvitupa zvisipo kana zvakapera nguva zvinogona kumisa kutiza kwako kana kuvharwa kweinishuwarenzi. Chengetedza chega chega chega chega: Kuva Kwendege, Kunyoresa, Rezinesi reRadio (kana zvichidikanwa), Miganhu Yekushanda, uye Huremu & Balance.
5. Kumhanyisa Walkaround Nekuda Kwekumanikidza Nguva: Kunonoka kana kunzwa kudzvinyirirwa nemamiriro ekunze, vakwiri, kana kuronga nguva zhinji kunotungamira pakusvetuka nhanho. Tsaona dzinodziviririka zvakanyanya dzinowanzo dzokera kumashure kana kuongororwa kwechimbichimbi. Tora nguva yako, tevera chinyorwa, uye usamborega kukurumidza kukanganisa kuchengeteka.
Imwe neimwe yezvikanganiso izvi inodzivirirwa. Vaka tsika yekunonoka, inowirirana, yekutarisa-yakavakirwa pre-ndege yekuongorora kuti uzvidzivirire, vafambi vako, uye chitupa chako.
mhedziso
Kuongorora kusati kwakwira ndege kunopfuura kungoita zvinotarisirwa - ndiwo mutsara wako wekutanga uye wakanakisa wekuzvidzivirira kubva mutsaona dzinogona kudzivirirwa. Ungave uri mudzidzi mutyairi wendege kana mutyairi wendege ane ruzivo, tsika yekudzikira, kutevera cheki, uye kuongorora masisitimu ese nehungwaru inovaka kusatya uye inokuchengeta wakapinza.
Kubva pamatangi emafuta kusvika kune pitot tube, nhanho imwe neimwe inoshandisa chinangwa. Uye kana wanyatsoongorora, kuongorora uku hakungochengetedzi ngozi yako chete—kunochengetedza kukodzera kwendege yako, rezinesi rako, uye chivimbo chevatakuri vako. Ita kuti ive chikamu chisingagone kutaurirana chemaitiro ako ekubhururuka. Nguva yaunodyara pasi ndiyo inoita kuti ukwanise kubhururuka zvakanaka mumhepo.
FAQ: Pre-Flight Inspections
| mubvunzo | mhinduro |
|---|---|
| Kuongorora kwakakodzera kusati kwasimuka kunofanirwa kutora nguva yakadii? | Kune dzakawanda diki ndege dzeGA, kunyatsoongorora kusati kwabhururuka kunotora maminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu. Kumhanya-mhanya kunowedzera njodzi yekupotsa zvinhu zvakakosha. |
| Zvinodiwa here zviri pamutemo kuongorora ndege isati yasimuka? | Ehe. FAR 91.103 uye 91.7 inoda kuti mutyairi wendege ave nechokwadi chekuti ndege yakamira uye yakagadzirira ndege isati yatiza. |
| Vatyairi vendege vevadzidzi vanofanirwa kuita ongororo vasati vasimuka vega here? | Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kudzidza kuita ongororo vasati vabhururuka vakazvimiririra, asi kutanga, vanozotariswa nevarairidzi kusvika vagona. |
| Ndechipi chikanganiso chinowanzoitwa nevatyairi vendege vasati vasimuka? | Kusvetuka cheki yemafuta sump kana kushaikwa yakavharika pitot / static ports ndiwo maviri eakajairwa - uye ane ngozi - kukanganisa. |
| Ndinogona kushandisa chinyorwa chedigital pane bepa? | Ehe. Zvinyorwa zvemagetsi zvemagetsi kuburikidza neEFB (seForeFlight) zvinogamuchirwa, chero uchitevera zvizere panguva yega yega yekuongorora isati yasimuka. |
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvekuchinjisa zvikoro zvendege.
