Kutsigirwa Kwepamusoro-soro: Gwaro reFAA Pilot's

Kutsigirwa kwepamusoro-soro ndiko kubvumidzwa kwebhuku renhoroondo kamwe chete kunodiwa pasi pe 14 CFR 61.31(f) usati watanga kushanda semutyairi wendege chero ipi zvayo inofambiswa neinjini inoburitsa simba rinodarika 200 horsepower. Nzira yekuenda kusangano iri ndeyega: kugamuchira nekunyora kudzidziswa kwepasi nekwekubhururuka kubva kumudzidzisi wekubhururuka ane mvumo mundege yepamusoro-soro inokodzera kana simulator inomiririra, wobva wawana rutsigiro rwebhuku rekunyora logbook remudzidzisi kamwe chete. Hapana checkride inodzokororwa, hapana chitupa chakasiyana - kungopinda kamwe chete, kwechigarire kunovhura kirasi yese yendege.

Usati waronga chidzidzo chako chekutanga, simbisa kuti une zvinhu zvitatu izvi zvakarongwa:

• Ground training: Mirayiridzo yakanyorwa inosanganisira masisitimu einjini, manejimendi epropeller, masisitimu emafuta, data rekushanda kwePOH, uye maitiro ekukurumidzira akanangana nekushanda kwepamusoro-soro.
• Nguva yekudzidzira kubhururuka kana yekurovedza muviri: Kuratidza hunyanzvi mundege inokodzera kana mumiririri weFlight Training Device (FTD) kana Full Flight Simulator (FFS).
• Rutsigiro rwebhuku renhoroondo yemudzidzisi: Chikumbiro chenguva imwe chete, chinoshanda zvachose chakasainwa nemudzidzisi wendege ane chitupa (CFI) ane mvumo yekupa kudzidziswa.

Zviri Mukati

• Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvepasi nendege zvinofanira kufukidza
• Maitiro ekuwana rutsigiro rwe logbook, nhanho nhanho
• Kutsigirwa kwepamusoro-soro kwakasiyana sei nekuoma uye kwakakwirira?
• Maitirwo anoita Florida Flyers Flight Academy kudzidziswa kwepamusoro-soro
• Zvitsva Zvitsva
• Kutsigirwa kunovaka vatyairi vendege
• Florida Flyers Flight Academy: danho rako rinotevera rekuwana hunyanzvi hwepamusoro
• Masosi ane mvumo uye kuverenga kwakawanda

Zvimwe zvaunofanira kuziva

Zvisizvo zviviri zvemutemo zvinorerutsa zvinodiwa pakubvumidzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo:

• Kubereka Sekuru (pamberi paNyamavhuvhu 4, 1997): — Vatyairi vendege vakanyora nguva yePIC mundege inoshanda zvakanaka pamberi paNyamavhuvhu 4, 1997, havabatanidzwi nemutemo wekusimbisa, chero bedzi vachikwanisa kunyora nguva iyoyo mumabhuku avo ekunyora. Mutemo we eCFR grandfathering ndiwo unonyanya kutonga.

Kana pasina chimwe chezvinhu zvinokukanganisa, kubvumidzwa kwacho kunosungirwa usati waenda nendege yako yekutanga yePIC uri mundege inokodzera.

Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvepasi nendege zvinofanira kufukidza

Mutemo uyu unoda hunyanzvi hwakaratidzwa, kwete maawa ekunyora chete. Varairidzi vanotarisira kuti uratidze hunyanzvi hwemasisitimu uye hunhu hwekubata usati wasaina bhuku rako rekunyora.

Misoro yekudzidziswa kwepasi

• Masisitimu einjini: kupinza mafuta, kuchaja turbo (kana zvichibvira), masisitimu emafuta, uye kutarisirwa kwekutonhodza pasi pekushanda nesimba guru
• Kushanda kwepropeller gavana: dzidziso yepropeller inomhanya-mhanya nguva dzose, hukama hweRPM uye manifold pressure, uye kudzivirira kumhanya zvakanyanya
• Kutarisira mafuta: kufamba kwemafuta panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagetsi, maitiro ekutsamira musanganiswa, uye magadzirirwo ehurongwa hwemafuta
• Kurema uye kuenzana: kuverenga CG pahuremu hwakanyanya hwakafanana nehwendege dzinoshanda zvakanyanya
• Machati ekushanda kwePOH: daro rekusimuka, mashandiro ekukwira, marongero esimba rekufamba nechikepe, uye data rekumhara panzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekukwirirana kwenzvimbo
• Maitiro ekukurumidzira: kuronga kwekudzimwa kweinjini, kushanda kwemagetsi mashoma, uye chirango chisina kujairika chekutarisa zvinhu
• Zvipingamupinyi: zvipingamupinyi zvemhepo (Va, Vne, Vfe), zvipingamupinyi zvekushanda kweinjini, uye zvipingamupinyi zveRPM zvepropeller

Mafambiro endege nenzvimbo dzehunyanzvi

• Kukwira kwemotokari nesimba guru uye manejimendi ekutanga ekukwira, kusanganisira torque uye P-factor correction
• Nzira dzekusimuka nedzekudzika dzemumugwagwa dziri pfupi uye dzakapfava dzichimhanya zvakanyanya kusvika padziri kufamba.
• Matende akakombama nekutonga kwakakodzera kwesimba kuti urambe wakareba
• Kubhururuka zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuzivikanwa kwenzvimbo pahuremu hwakakwira
• Maitiro ekufambisa-famba nekushandisa simba rose uye chirango chekutaura
• Kudzvinyirirwa kwakawanda uye kurongeka kweRPM panguva yekukwira, kufamba nechikepe, uye kuburuka
• Kupora kwemaitiro kusingawanzoitiki pasi pesimba
• Kumhara kwemhepo kwakachinjika muchimiro chemhino chakakura

Mvumo yemutyairi wendege iri pachena mumutemo: FFS kana FTD inomiririra inogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekudzidziswa kubhururuka kana ikatevedzera zvakakwana masisitimu endege uye mashandiro ayo. Sarudzo iyi inonyanya kubatsira pakudzidziswa kwemidziyo kana kana kuwanikwa kwendege kwakaderera.

Pro Tip: Uyai nebhuku renyu rekuongorora ndege, chitupa chekutyaira, uye zvekurapa zviripo pakutanga kwechikoro. Varairidzi vanowanzo ongorora ruzivo rwenyu rwekare vasati varonga sirabhasi, uye kuva nemagwaro akagadzirira kunodzivirira kunonoka kwehurongwa. Ongororo yekuongorora ndege yekudzidzisa isati yatanga kufamba inofanirwawo kuongororwa usati watanga chidzidzo chako chekutanga chekubhururuka.

Maitiro ekuwana rutsigiro rwe logbook, nhanho nhanho

Maitiro acho akarongeka uye akanyatsotsanangurwa. Tevedzera matanho aya nenzira yakatevedzana:

6. Gamuchira rutsigiro rwebhuku renhoroondo. CFI inonyora zvinotsigirwa mubhuku rako renhoroondo. Tsamba Yekupa Mazano yeFAA AC 61-65F, mazwi akajairwa anotevera muenzaniso uyu:

Ndiani anogona kupa mvumo

Chero mudzidzisi wendege ane chitupa (CFI) ane chikamu chakakodzera chendege uye kirasi anogona kupa kudzidziswa uye kupa rutsigiro. Pasi pechirongwa chekudzidzisa cheChikamu 135 chakatenderwa, kuongororwa kwehunyanzvi nemutyairi wendege kunogona kutsiva rutsigiro rwemunhu oga.

Magwaro ekugadzirira pamusangano wega wega:

• Chitupa chemutyairi wendege (chepakutanga)
• Chitupa chekurapa chazvino
• Mufananidzo ID yakapihwa nehurumende
• Logbook ine zvese zvakambonyorwa zviripo

Matambudziko akajairika uye kudzidzira kwakanangana

Kumhara kwemhepo nendege dzinorema dzinotenderera nemhino kunobata vatyairi vazhinji vasingafungiri. Kuwedzera kwekusagadzikana kunoita kuti kugadziriswa kunofanira kutanga nekukasika, uye kunonoka kunogona kukonzera kusvika kwakasimba. Varayiridzi vanowanzo mhanyisa macircuit matatu kusvika mashanu akatevedzana emhepo kusvika nguva yava yemuzvarirwo.

Kudzora torque neP-factor pakusimuka ndicho chipingamupinyi chechipiri chinowanzoitika. Vatyairi vendege vanochinja kubva pa150–160 HP vanowanzo shandisa rudder yekurudyi isina kukwana panguva yekutanga kutenderera, zvichiita kuti vatange kufamba kuruboshwe. Kutarisa pasi kwakatarisana nemhedzisiro yekutsvedza kwepropeller, pamwe chete nekurovedza madhiraivha ekumanikidza rudder nemaune, zvinogadzirisa izvi nekukurumidza.

Kuziva kumhanya zvakanyanya kwepropeller inyaya yeruzivo rwehurongwa hunoonekwa panguva yekudzika kwakadzika. Vatyairi vendege vanongobhururutsa ndege dzine tambo dzakamira chete dzimwe nguva vanoderedza throttle nesimba vasina kugadzirisa kudzora kwepropeller, zvichiita kuti RPM ipfuure miganhu. Vadzidzisi vanogadzirisa izvi nekudzidzira kuderedza simba remhepo vasati vabhururuka nendege yekutanga ine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro.

Pro Tip: Kumbira mudzidzisi ane ruzivo rwakasiyana mundege yauri kudzidzira. Semuenzaniso, CFI ane nguva yakawanda muBonanza, anenge adzidza nezvemaitiro ekushandisa simba rendege uye anogona kukurumidzisa kugona kwako. Shandisa software yekuronga ndege kuti ubhuke nzvimbo dzekudzidzira dzakatevedzana uye kuderedza musiyano uripo pakati pekufamba.

Kutsigirwa kwepamusoro-soro kwakasiyana sei nekuoma uye kwakakwirira?

Zvibvumirano zvitatu izvi zvinobata nehunhu hwakasiyana hwendege uye zvinowanzo vhiringidzwa. AOPA inoratidza pachena kuvhiringidzika uku sechimwe chezvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa nevatyairi vendege panguva yekudzidzira ndege pasi.

Misiyano yakakosha:

• Cessna 182 ine IO-540 inoshanda zvakanyanya asi haina kuoma (giya rakagadzika, pitch yakagadzika kana propeller inomhanyisa nguva dzose zvichienderana nerudzi rwemota). Simbisa magadzirirwo chaiwo.
• Beechcraft Bonanza A36 inoshanda zvakanyanya (300 HP) uye yakaoma (giya rinodzoserwa kumashure, propeller inomhanyisa nguva dzose, maflaps). Unoda kutsigirwa kwese usati waita sePIC.
• Kudzidzira munzvimbo dzakakwirira chinhu chakasiyana, chinoda simba rakawanda chinosanganisira kudzidziswa kwemuviri uye manejimendi yesimba rekumanikidza. Hazvienderani nerubatsiro rwemhando yepamusoro kunze kwekunge mundege dzinoshanda zvakanyanya uye dzine simba rekumanikidza.

Mutemo wekuti painjini imwe neimwe unofanira kuratidzwa zvakajeka: ndege ine injini mbiri ine injini mbiri dze180-HP inogadzira simba re360 HP pamwe chete, asi hapana injini imwe neimwe inodarika 200 HP. Ndege iyoyo haina kushanda zvakanaka pasi pe14 CFR 61.31(f). Kutsigirwa kwacho hakudiwi, kunyange hazvo zvimwe zvinodiwa pakudzidziswa zvichiri kushanda zvichienderana nehurongwa hwendege.

Maitirwo anoita Florida Flyers Flight Academy kudzidziswa kwepamusoro-soro

Flightschoolusa, inoshanda seFlorida Flyers Flight Academy, inoronga kudzidziswa kwekutsigirwa kwepamusoro-soro sechikamu chenzira yekutyaira yekutengeserana yakabatanidzwa pane yekuwedzera yakazvimirira. Dzidzo iyi inoenderana zvakananga nezvinodiwa zve14 CFR 61.31(f): kudzidziswa kwepasi kunosanganisira misoro yese inodiwa yehurongwa, kudzidziswa kwekubhururuka mundege dzinofanirwa, uye kuongororwa kwemurairidzi wepamutemo usati wapihwa mvumo yelogbook.

Humbowo hunokosha kubva muchirongwa cheacademy:

• Simba rekuzviongorora: — Florida Flyers ine simba rekuzviongorora, zvichireva kuti FAA inoongororwa mukati mechikoro. Izvi zvinobvisa kunonoka kwehurongwa hwezvidzidzo kunowanzoita kuti nguva yekudzidziswa iwedzere kuzvikoro pasina gwaro iri.

Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy zvakananga kuti usimbise kuwanikwa kwendege, sarudzo dzekuronga nguva, uye fungidziro yekunyoresa yakagadzirirwa maawa ako ekunyora logbook.

Zvitsva Zvitsva

Kutsigirwa kwemhando yepamusoro kunoda kuti munhu anyore logbook kamwe chete kubva kuCFI, kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kubhururuka nendege ine injini inodarika 200 HP, inotongwa ne14 CFR 61.31(f).

Kutsigirwa kunovaka vatyairi vendege

Kune katsika mundege yekuona kutsigirwa kwebasa repamusoro sebhokisi rekutarisa rehurumende, chimwe chinhu chekuunganidza pakuenda kunowana chitupa chebhizinesi. Izvi zvinokanganisa chinangwa chekudzidziswa kwacho.

Kudzora simba remutyairi hunyanzvi hunoparadzanisa vatyairi vendege vane ruzivo rwepamusoro kubva kune vatyairi vendege vane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Kumanikidzwa kwakawanda uye hukama hweRPM muhurongwa hwepropeller hunogara huchimhanya hazvina musoro, uye mhedzisiro yekusaibata zvakanaka, kubva pakumhanya zvakanyanya kwepropeller kusvika pakubhomba pasi pekushanda kwakaderera, hazviregi. Varairidzi vanokurumidzisa vadzidzi kubvumidza kuti vagutse zvinodiwa pakuronga vari kuvaitira zvakaipa zvisingagone kuonekwa kusvika panguva yebasa rakawanda muIMC chaiyo kana kushanda kwenguva pfupi panhandare yendege ine vanhu vakawanda.

Chinonyanya kukanganiswa ndechekuti hapana hunyanzvi hwekunamira nekudhonza. Kukundikana kunzwisisa mashandiro emagetsi usati watanga kufamba wega. Vatyairi vendege vanongobhururuka nendege dzakamira chete havasati vambofunga nezve propeller RPM senzira yekudzora yakasiyana. Mukana iwoyo wekuziva unofanirwa kuvharwa muchikamu chepasi, kwete kuwanikwa mumhepo.

Kuramba kutsigira ndicho chinhu chakanaka kana mudzidzi achigona kuita zvinhu asi asingakwanise kutaura mafungiro ake. Kugona kwake kana amanikidzwa kunoda zvese zviri zviviri. Kutsigira kunofanira kuratidza kugadzirira kwechokwadi, kwete maawa akanyorwa.

Florida Flyers Flight Academy: danho rako rinotevera rekuwana hunyanzvi hwepamusoro

Florida Flyers Flight Academy inopa imwe yenzira dzakananga kubva pakudzidziswa kwekutsigirwa kusvika kuchirongwa chebhizinesi chinowanikwa muUnited States. Dzidzo yepasi yechikoro ichi inofukidza zvinodiwa zve14 CFR 61.31(f) zvese zvine hudzamu hwakafanana hunoshandiswa kumapurogiramu ayo ebhizinesi neeATP, uye huwandu hwendege dzayo dzinofanirwa hunoreva kuti hausi kumirira kuwanikwa kwendege kuti dzifambire mberi. NeSelf Examining Authority, kuongororwa kwendege kunoitika papurogiramu yako, kwete karenda yeDPE.

Sarudzo dzemari dziripo kune vadzidzi vekumba nevanoda vhiza yeM1 vanoda rutsigiro rwevhiza yeM1. Ungave uri kuwedzera rutsigiro rwepamusoro-soro sechitupa chega chega kana kuisanganisa muchirongwa chakazara chekudzidziswa kwebhizinesi, nzira yakarongwa yeacademy inochengetedza yako kunyoresa kudzidziswa kubhururuka pane nguva yakatarwa ine mitengo yakajeka. Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy nhasi kuti uwane fungidziro yako yekunyoresa zvichienderana nemaawa ako ekunyora uye zvinangwa zvekudzidzira.

Masosi ane mvumo uye kuverenga kwakawanda

Zvinhu zvinotevera zvinotsigira gwara remitemo uye rinoshanda riri muchinyorwa chino. Mareferensi ese anoshanda kumitemo yeUS uye kudzidziswa kwekutyaira ndege kunoitwa muUS chete.

• 14 CFR § 61.31 — Zvinodiwa pakuyera mhando, kudzidziswa kwekuwedzera, uye zvinodiwa zvekubvumidzwa. | Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (e-CFR) | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute
• eCFR :: 14 CFR 61.31 – Zvinodiwa pakuyera mhando, kudzidziswa kwekuwedzera, uye zvinodiwa zvekubvumidzwa. (FAR 61.31)
• faa.gov
• govinfo.gov
• ecfr.gov

Kuti uone simba reinjini yendege chaiyo, pinda mudhatabhesi reFAA reTCDS repamhepo pa rgl.faa.gov kana kuti bvunza POH yendege zvakananga. Type Certificate Data Sheets ndiwo manyuko ane simba ekugadzirisa marongero einjini akaiswa uye anotsiva chero tsananguro yemhando dzese.