Kubhururuka nemudenga risingaperi rebhuruu chiroto chemutyairi wendege. Asi kana makore akakora, mhute inopinda mukati, kana kuti madutu anodzima denga, chiroto ichocho chinova muedzo mukuru wounyanzvi—uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu.
Ino ndiyo nyika yeIFR Flight Instruments, uko vatyairi vendege vanofamba chete nezviridzwa zvemutyairi.
Hapana nzvimbo. Hapana mahorizoni anooneka. Ingori tsono, masikirini, uye kuvimba kusingazungunuke mumidziyo.
The Faa inorayira zvakasimba IFR zvinodiwa nechikonzero: 85% yenjodzi dzendege dzine chekuita nemamiriro ekunze dzinosanganisira kuderera kuoneka. Pasina zviridzwa zvakafanira-uye kudzidziswa kuzvishandisa-vatyairi vanoisa njodzi yekuvhiringidzika kwenzvimbo, nzira dzakarasika, kana zvakanyanya.
Iri gwara rinopaza zvakakosha IFR midziyo yendege yese inoda mutyairi wendege:
- Iwo 6 asingagone kutaurirana maturusi anodiwa ne HEADIGHT 91.205.
- Mafambisirwo akaitwa avionics akafanana zviratidzo zvemafungiro uye vafambisi veGPS vanotsiva zvinoonekwa.
- Sei "chikamu chepaneru" kudzidziswa kuchiponesa hupenyu (bvunza vatyairi vendege vakapona nekukasira kukundikana kwezviridzwa).
Kuziva zviridzwa izvi hakusi kwekuteerera chete. Zviri pamusoro pekushandura cockpit yako kuita mutsara wehupenyu kana nyika yekunze yanyangarika.
Chii chinonzi IFR midziyo yekubhururuka?
Kubhururuka pasi peInstrument Flight Rules (IFR) zvinoreva kuvimba zvachose neIFR zviridzwa zvekubhururuka kana kuonekwa kunodonha kusvika pedyo-zero. Makore, mhute, kana madutu anodzima zvinoonekwa, zvichimanikidza vatyairi vendege kuti vafambe vachishandisa altimeters, zviratidzo zvemafungiro, uye gadziriro dzeGPS—zvishandiso zvinorayirwa nemitemo yakasimba yeFAA.
IFR zviridzwa zvendege hazvisi zvekusarudza. Ndivo musana wekuchengetedzwa kwakaderera. Redhiyo mabhekoni anotungamira ndege munzvimbo dzine makomo, ukuwo vafambisi veGPS vachironga nzira dzakakwana dzakatenderedza mabhanan'ana. Pasina izvi zviridzwa, kuvhiringidzika kwenzvimbo—chisakiso chikuru chetsaona dzinouraya—kunova kusingadzivisiki.
Vatyairi vendege vanofanira kufambisa zvakasimba IFR kudzidziswa kugona maturusi aya. Kusiyana Visual Flight Rules (VFR), iyo inovimba nematenga akajeka, IFR certification inoda hunyanzvi mukududzira dhata rezviridzwa. Vadzidzi vanodzidzira zvimiro zvakaita sekutadza kwepaneru kamwe kamwe kana GPS kudzimwa, kudzidza kuvimba nemageji pamusoro pezvakasikwa.
Asi IFR haisi yekupona chete. Zviri zvakare pamusoro kunyatsoshanda. Ndege dzekutengesa dzinoshandisa IFR midziyo yekubhururuka kubhururuka yakananga nzira kuburikidza nemamiriro ekunze akaipa, ichicheka mutengo wemafuta anosvika gumi neshanu muzana uye kuderedza kunonoka. Uku ndiko kusaka 15% yendege dzakarongwa dzichishanda pasi peIFR pasi rose.
Kubva pakudzivirira njodzi kuenda kunzira dzekugadzirisa, IFR zviridzwa zvinoshandura kusavimbika kuita kutonga-zvichiratidza kuti kana denga rasviba, tekinoroji inovhenekera nzira.
IFR ndege zviridzwa Zvinodiwa
Kubhururuka pasi peInstrument Flight Rules (IFR) haisi yeunyanzvi chete - ndeyekugadzirira. Kuti ufambe zvakachengetedzeka mukusaonekwa, iwe uchada zvinhu zvitatu zvakakosha:
Iyo IFR-yakasimbiswa Ndege: Hadzisi ndege dzese dzakagadzirirwa IFR. Ndege yako inofanirwa kutakura zviridzwa zveIFR zvekubhururuka zvakarairwa neFAA mirau, kubva kune altimeters kuenda kune maitiro ezviratidzo.
A Filed IFR Flight Plan: Kusiyana neVFR, IFR inoda nzira dzakatenderwa kare. Izvi zvinoita kuti kudzora kwekufamba kwemhepo kunogona kukutungamira kuburikidza nekuzara kana airspace.
An Instrument-Rated Pilot: Rezinesi remutyairi wendege harina kukwana. IFR inoda kudzidziswa kwepamusoro kugona kududzira chiridzwa uye maitiro ekukurumidzira.
Pasina izvi, IFR kutiza haisi ngozi chete - hazvisi pamutemo.
Iyo Yakakodzera Ndege yeIFR Ndege
Kubhururuka pasi peInstrument Flight Rules (IFR) kunoda zvinopfuura unyanzvi—zvinoda ndege yakarurama. Hadzisi ndege dzese dzakashongedzerwa kubata mamiriro akaderera-kuonekwa. Ndege zhinji dzisingaenderani dzinoratidza 'VFR Chete' placard mucockpit, asi gara uchitarisa kaviri. Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) kuti asimbise.
Ndege yakasimbiswa IFR inofanirwa kutakura zviridzwa zveIFR zvinorairwa nemitemo yeFAA. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvakakosha se:
- Zviridzwa zvikuru: Altimeter, airspeed chiratidzo, chimiro chemaitiro, uye musoro chiratidzo.
- Masystem ekuchengetedza: Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT), mabhandi ekuchengetedza, uye ekumhara giya chinzvimbo zviratidzo.
- Engine monitoring: Kudzvanywa kwemafuta / tembiricha geji, manifold pressure geji (yeinjini dze turbocharged).
- Lighting: Mwenje wenzvimbo, magetsi ekudzivirira kudhumhana, uye kamwe chete mwenje wekumhara (kana uchishandirwa kuhaya).
- Redundancy: Spare fuse, maredhiyo maviri, uye midziyo yekufambisa inoenderana nenzvimbo dzepasi.
Zvinoshamisa kuti GPS haisungirwe-asi hapana mutyairi angabhururuka IFR pasina iyo. Masisitimu emazuva ano eGPS seGarmin GTN 650 inofambisa kufamba, asi mitemo yeFAA ichiri kubvumira ndege dzeIFR dzichishandisa pasi-based VOR kana NDB masisitimu.
An IFR Flight Plan
Kubhururuka uri pasi peInstrument Flight Rules (IFR) kunoda zvinopfuura unyanzvi—zvinoda kunyatsoronga. Chero nguva ipi zvayo mutyairi wendege anoshanda munzvimbo inodzorwa nemhepo achishandisa IFR, anofanira kuisa hurongwa hwendege asati asimuka. Uyu hausi murairo chete; irworwo rwoupenyu.
Nekuisa hurongwa hwekubhururuka kweIFR, vatyairi vendege vanozivisa kudzora kwendege (ATC) yenzira yavanoda, urefu, uye nguva inofungidzirwa yekusvika (ETA). Izvi zvinobvumira ATC kutarisa kubhururuka uye kupa rubatsiro kana zvichidikanwa, kuve nechokwadi chepamusoro chekuchengeteka.
Mumamiriro akaderera-kuonekwa, ATC inoshandisa zvirongwa zvekubhururuka kubata mhepo. Nekuita kuti ndege dzigare dzakaparadzana, dzinoderedza njodzi yekudhumhana uye dzinoita kuti dzishande zvakanaka.
Kunyora hurongwa hwendege kunogadzirirawo vatyairi vendege kuitira njodzi. Kana chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka, ATC inoziva mafambiro endege uye inokwanisa kurongedza mabasa ekutsvaga nekununura nekukurumidza.
Muchidimbu, chirongwa cheIFR chekubhururuka hachingori mapepa - chishandiso chakakosha chekubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka.
Mutyairi Wendege ane Zviridzwa Zviyero: Kiyi yeIFR Ndege
Kuti vabhururuke vachishandisa zviridzwa zvinodiwa pakubhururuka kweIFR, vatyairi vendege vanofanira kuwana Instrument Rating (IR). Ichi chitupa chinovabvumira kushanda pasi peInstrument Flight Rules (IFR), vachifamba kupfuura zvinogumira zveVisual Flight Rules (VFR).
Kuwana Instrument Rating kunosanganisira zvese chikoro chepasi uye kudzidzira kubhururuka. Chikoro chepasi chinovhara dzidziso yeIFR mashandiro, kusanganisira kuverenga aeronautical charts, kunzwisisa maitiro ekudzora traffic traffic, uye kududzira mamiriro ekunze. Kudzidzira kubhururuka kunotarisa pahunyanzvi hwemaoko, sekubhururuka chete nekutarisa kune zviridzwa uye mabatiro ekukurumidzira sekutadza kwemidziyo kamwe kamwe.
Iyo Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inoisa zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zveInstrument Rating. Vatyairi vendege vanofanirwa kupedzisa maawa mashoma e40 enguva yekubhururuka chiridzwa, kusanganisira:
- Maawa e15 ekudzidziswa neanodzidziswa ndege murairidzi (CFI).
- Maawa makumi mashanu ekuyambuka-nyika nguva yekubhururuka semutyairi-mu-command.
- A 250 mamaira nautical kuyambuka-nyika ndege pasi pemamiriro eIFR.
Nekudaro, iyo nguva inotora kuti uwane iyo chiyero inogona kusiyana. Zvinhu zvakaita semamiriro ekunze, nzvimbo yekudzidzira, uye kuwanikwa kwemutyairi wendege zvese zvinogona kukanganisa nguva.
Kana vapihwa zvitupa, vatyairi vendege vanowana kugona kufamba nemumakore, mhute, uye madutu—unyanzvi hwakakosha pakubhururuka kwakachengeteka uye kwakanaka mumamiriro ese ezvinhu.
Zvakanakira Kubata IFR Ndege Zviridzwa
Kune vatyairi vendege, kugona IFR midziyo yekubhururuka haisi yekungowana chiyero cheInstrument - ndeye kushandura kubhururuka kwaunoita. Nepo Private Pilot License (PPL) inoita kuti ufambe nekuona, kunzwisisa IFR midziyo yekubhururuka inokubvumira kutora kutonga mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru. Heino chikonzero nei zvakakosha kuedza:
1. Kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzera muKuonekwa kwakaderera
Kana makore, mhute, kana madutu achivhara maonero ako, IFR zviridzwa zvekubhururuka zvinova maziso ako. An Instrument Rating inodzidzisa iwe kuvimba nezvishandiso zvakaita sealtimeter, chimiro chechimiro, uye chiratidzo chemusoro kuchengetedza kutonga.
Semuenzaniso, kana iwe wakabatwa mumhirizhonga isingatarisirwi kana kuderera kuoneka, kudzidziswa kwako neIFR zviridzwa zvekubhururuka zvichakubatsira iwe kudzivirira kuvhiringidzika kwenzvimbo-chinokonzera njodzi dzinouraya.
2. Mikana Yebasa Yakawedzerwa
Mastering IFR midziyo yekubhururuka inovhura magonhi kune nyanzvi yekubhururuka nendege. Mazhinji endege dzekutengesa dzinoda Instrument Rating sedikidiki qualification. Ungave uri kubhururutsa zvinhu, kuhaya vafambi, kana kutevera Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) rezinesi, chitupa ichi chakakosha.
Kunyangwe kunze kwekutengeserana kwendege, kugona neIFR zviridzwa zvendege zvinokuita iwe mukwikwidzi wemakwikwi emabasa senge kubhururuka kwekambani, kuongorora kwemuchadenga, kana kuraira kwendege.
3. Hukuru Kuchinja-chinja uye Kuvimba
NeChiyero Chiyero, iwe hausisiri pasi pemamiriro ekunze akaipa. Iwe unogona kuisa IFR zvirongwa zvekubhururuka, zvichikutendera kuti uende uye umhare mumamiriro ezvinhu anozochengeta vatyairi veVFR pasi.
Kuchinjika uku kunonyanya kukosha pakufamba nendege. Panzvimbo yekukanzura nekuda kwedutu, unogona kufamba mairi zvakachengeteka uchishandisa IFR midziyo yekubhururuka, kuchengetedza nguva uye kuchengeta hurongwa hwako munzira.
4. Hunyanzvi hwekuita Sarudzo hwakavandudzwa
Kudzidziswa neIFR zviridzwa zvekubhururuka kunorodza kugona kwako kuongorora mamiriro akaoma. Iwe unozodzidza kududzira data yemamiriro ekunze, kutaurirana zvinobudirira nekudzora traffic yemhepo, uye kuita kupatsanura-yechipiri sarudzo panguva dzenjodzi.
Unyanzvi uhwu haungoshandi kune IFR ndege - dzinokuita iwe mutyairi ari nani mumamiriro ese ezvinhu.
5. Yakakwirira Kutengesa Kukosha Kwerezinesi Yako
Kana iwe ukambofunga kutengesa ndege yako, hunyanzvi ne IFR midziyo yekubhururuka inogona kuwedzera kukosha kwayo. Vatengi vanowanzofarira ndege dzevatyairi vezviridzwa-yakatemerwa, sezvo ivo vangangove vakachengetwa kusvika pamhando yepamusoro.
mhedziso
Kudzidzira IFR midziyo yekubhururuka haisi chinhu chinongodiwa-inochinja mutambo kune vatyairi vendege. Kubva pakufamba nemumakore makobvu kusvika pakumhara zvakachengetedzeka mukusaonekwa, zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandura kubhururuka kwaunoita.
An Instrument Rating inokupa simba rekubata zvisingatarisirwe, kungave kungoerekana kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kana kutadza kwemidziyo. Inovhura magonhi kumikana yebasa, inovandudza hunyanzvi hwako hwekuita sarudzo, uye inokupa chivimbo chekubhururuka mumamiriro ezvinhu anodzika vamwe.
Asi kunze kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, hunyanzvi neIFR midziyo yekubhururuka ndeyekuchengetedza. Zviri pamusoro pekuziva kuti unogona kuunza ndege yako - uye munhu wese ari muchikepe - kumba zvakachengeteka, zvisinei kuti denga rinokanda pauri.
Saka, kunyangwe iwe uri mupepeti wekupera kwesvondo kana nyanzvi inoshuvira, kuisa mari muInstrument Rating kunopfuura chitupa. Kuzvipira kuva mutyairi wendege akanakisa waungave.
Dzidza IFR Flight Instruments kuFlorida Flyers Flight Academy
Wagadzirira kutora hunyanzvi hwako hwekubhururuka kuenda kune inotevera nhanho? At Florida Flyers Flight Academy, isu tinonyanya kudzidzisa vatyairi vendege kuti vagone midziyo yeIFR yekubhururuka inoita kuti kubhururuka kwakachengeteka, kushoma kugoneke.
Zvirongwa zvedu zvedhigirii rendege zvakagadzirirwa kukushongedzera iwe neruzivo uye maoko-pane ruzivo runodiwa kuti uwane yako Instrument Rating. Iwe unozodzidza kufamba uchishandisa maturusi akaita sealtimeter, chiratidzo chemaitiro, uye GPS masisitimu - hunyanzvi hwakakosha kune zvese kuchengetedza uye kufambira mberi kwebasa.
Kunyangwe uchivavarira kuve mutyairi wendege kana kungoda kubhururuka nechivimbo mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, Florida Flyers Flight Academy inopa dzidziso, zviwanikwa, uye rutsigiro rwekukubatsira kubudirira.
Bata Florida Flyers Flight Academy Team nhasi pa (904) 209-3510 kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezve maitiro ekushandura rezenisi rezenisi rekunze mumatanho mana.
