Kuongororwa Kwezvishandiso Zvinokurumidza: Mashandiro Ekosi yeIFR Inoshanda Sei

Kuongororwa kwezvishandiso nekukurumidza kunomanikidza kudzidziswa kwezvishandiso kuita chikamu chakanyatsorongeka chemazuva akatevedzana ekubhururuka nepasi, pachinzvimbo chezvidzidzo chimwe chete kana zviviri pavhiki zvakapararira kwemwedzi yakawanda. FAA haina kupa chiyero chipfupi. Chiitiko chimwe chete che14 CFR 61.65, bvunzo yeruzivo rumwe chete uye bvunzo inoshanda zvakafanana zvinoshanda, saka chii chinochinja purogiramu, kugadzirira kwaunounza uye chirango chechirongwa chakakupoteredza.

Gwaro iri rinotsanangura zvinorehwa nekosi yekukurumidzira, zvaunofanira kunge uine mubhuku rako renhoroondo zuva rekutanga risati rasvika, kuti purogiramu yenguva dzose inotaridzika sei, zvinodhura kuronga, uye kuti ungasarudza sei kana fomati yacho yakakunakira.

TL; DR

• Kuongororwa kwechishandiso nekukurumidza kunosangana nezvinodiwa neFAA zvakafanana nezvechinyakare; kumhanya uye chimiro chekudzidziswa zvinongochinja chete.
• Usati watanga, unoda chitupa chekutyaira chakavanzika (kana chikumbiro chenguva imwe chete), maawa makumi mashanu ekushanda mutyairi wendege munyika dzakasiyana uye hurongwa hwemaawa makumi mana ekushanda mudhiraivha.
• Vadzidzi vanopedza nenguva vanosvika bvunzo yeruzivo yapasa, nguva yekuyambuka nyika yakanyorwa uye nheyo dzemidziyo yavo dzakadzidzwa pachine nguva.
• Bhajeti yenguva yendege neyemuchina wekufambisa ndege, nguva yemurairidzi, bvunzo yeruzivo nemari yemuongorori, pamwe nemazuva ekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze.
• Vatyairi vendege vanovakira basa ravo mundege vanowana purofiti yakawanda kana chiyero ichi chiri munzira yakarongeka, ine mitengo yakatarwa.

Zviri Mukati

• Chii chinonzi kukurumidza kwezvishandiso?
• Zvinodiwa zveFAA zvaunofanirwa kusangana nazvo kutanga
• Zvinosanganisirwa nepurogiramu yakajairika yekunyanya kuomesa zvinhu
• Kugadzirira zuva rekutanga risati rasvika
• Mari yekuronga
• Zvakanakira, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa kumhanya
• Ndiani anobatsirwa zvakanyanya nekosi yezviridzwa zvinokurumidza
• Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika uye kunyoresa kweM-1
• Maonero edu
• Kusarudza purogiramu
• Tanga kudzidzira kwako zviridzwa nesu
• FAQ
• Sources

Chii chinonzi kukurumidza kwezvishandiso?

Kuyera midziyo kunoita kuti ubhururuke uchitevedzera mitemo yekubhururuka kwemidziyo mumakore uye kusanyatsoonekwa zvakanaka, uye ndiyo yekutanga inoshandura chitupa chekuzvivaraidza kuita hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Muchimiro chemazuva ese, mudzidzi anobhururuka kana basa, mamiriro ekunze uye kuwanikwa kwendege zvichibvumira. Mavhiki anopfuura pakati pezvidzidzo, uye chikamu chechikamu chega chega chinoenda pakudzidzazve zvakanyangarika kubva pane chekupedzisira.

Fomati inokurumidziswa inobvisa mukaha iwoyo. Unobhururuka uye unodzidza zuva nezuva, kazhinji kwemaawa akati wandei zuva rega rega, nemudzidzisi mumwe chete uye ndege imwe chete kana simulator. Unyanzvi hwakadai sehunyanzvi hwekuskena, kubhururuka nepaneru isina chikamu, kubata uye nzira dzekubata zvinovaka mukati memazuva kwete mwedzi. Kuramba kwakadaro ndiko kwakanakira, uye ndosaka vadzidzi vane hunyanzvi vachifarira fomati iyi.

Unogonawo kuona izvi zvichinzi fast-track instrument rating. Zvinoreva zvakafanana: nzira yakarongeka, yakamanikidzwa nenguva yakanangana nekutarisa zviridzwa, ine sirabhasi yakatsanangurwa pane kubhururuka kweawa imwe neimwe. Kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo rwakakura rwekuti mapurogiramu akamanikidzwa anorongwa sei muzvikamu zvakasiyana, ona ongororo yedu ye mashandiro anoita mapurogiramu ekukurumidza ekuedza.

Zvinodiwa zveFAA zvaunofanirwa kusangana nazvo kutanga

Kudzvanya hakuregi chinhu chimwe chete chemutemo. Usati watanga kudzidziswa, unofanirwa kunge uine chitupa chekutyaira chega chega uye kukwanisa kuverenga, kutaura, kunyora uye kunzwisisa Chirungu, se Ongororo yekuongorora kwezviridzwa zveAOPA anotsanangura. Usati watanga bvunzo yekushanda, unoda ruzivo rwaunoda, bvunzo yeruzivo rwakapasa uye rutsigiro rwakakodzera rwemudzidzisi.

Zvinodiwa zveruzivo zviripo 14 C.F.R. 61.65, uye zvinokosha pakuronga kosi yakaoma:

• Nguva yekuyambuka nyika: Maawa makumi mashanu ekufamba nendege uchiyambuka nyika semutyairi wendege ari kutungamira, ayo maawa gumi anofanira kunge ari mundege kuti aonekwe nendege.
• Nguva yezviridzwa: Maawa makumi mana enguva chaiyo kana yekutevedzera chishandiso munzvimbo dzakanyorwa dzekushanda, nemaawa gumi nemashanu anogamuchirwa kubva kumudzidzisi ane mvumo ane chiyero chezvishandiso nendege.
• Kudzidziswa kwazvino: Maawa matatu ekudzidziswa kwezviridzwa kubva kumudzidzisi ane mvumo ari mundege mukati memwedzi miviri yekarenda bvunzo yekushanda isati yaitwa.
• Maitiro ekufamba-famba nenyika: kudzidziswa kwezvishandiso kunosanganisira kubhururuka nendege yeIFR uchiyambuka nyika nemurairidzi, pasi pehurongwa hwekubhururuka hwakanyoreswa.

Chinodiwa chekufamba nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana ndicho chinoitwa nevadzidzi vazhinji. Kana uine chitupa chega chega chine maawa gumi nemashanu kana makumi maviri chete ekufamba munyika dzakasiyana-siyana, haugone kungonyoresa mukosi yevhiki imwe chete wotarisira kuti unokodzera pakupera. Nyora nguva iyoyo kutanga, zviri nani pane ndege dzinovakawo hunyanzvi hwako hwekuronga. Gwaro redu rekuti zvinodiwa pakuyera zviridzwa uye nguva chaiyo yekudzidzira inotsanangura kuti maawa aya anowirirana sei.

Zvinosanganisirwa nepurogiramu yakajairika yekunyanya kuomesa zvinhu

Hurefu hwezvidzidzo zvinoshambadzwa muindasitiri yese hunotangira pavhiki imwe chete kusvika kumavhiki mashoma, uye hurefu hwacho hunoenderana nekuti watove wakanyora zvekushandisa mumaawa makumi mana uye kuti une hunyanzvi hwakadii paunosvika. Mudzidzi anosvika nenguva yezvidzidzo, bvunzo yeruzivo rwakapasa uye zvidzidzo zvakakosha anoda chidimbu chakasiyana pane chimwe chinotangira pazero. Ronga kuti utange papi kana uchitanga patsva.

Nzira yakasimba yakagadzirwa zvakanaka inowanzo tevera nzira iyi:

1. Kudzidziswa uye kuongorora kwekutanga. Mudzidzisi anoongorora bhuku rako renhoroondo, osimbisa kuti unokodzera uye anokupa ongororo pfupi kuti aone kuti hunyanzvi hwako hwekutanga hwekushandisa mashandisirwo epfungwa hwakamira papi.
2. Zvinhu zvakakosha mu simulator kana mudziyo wekudzidzisa. Kuskena, chikamu cheparutivi, maitiro asina kujairika, uye kufamba-famba zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoitwa uko mamiriro ekunze asingakwanise kukanganisa.
3. Maitiro: kubata, kubata uye nzira dzekusvika. Unoshanda kuburikidza nenzira dzakarurama uye dzisina kunyatsojeka, nzira dzisina kunyatsojeka uye nzira dzekubata kusvika dzava tsika.
4. Ndege dzeIFR dzinofamba nenyika dzakasiyana. Unofanoronga, wopfupikisa, wobhururutsa uye wotsanangura ndege chaidzo dziri mundege, kusanganisira rwendo rurefu rwekufamba nenyika rwunodiwa nekuongorora.
5. Kugadzirira nemuromo. Zvidzidzo zvezuva nezuva zvinofukidza mitemo, mamiriro ekunze, machati, masisitimu uye sarudzo dzezvendege.
6. Kufamba kwemota. Kunyora nemuromo uye kupindura mibvunzo, zvakaongororwa zvichienderana nechiyero chimwe chete chichashandiswa nemuongorori.
7. Bvunzo inoshanda. Kuongororwa kwendege kunosanganisira kuongororwa nemuromo uye bvunzo yekubhururuka yakaongororwa zvichienderana neFAA's Airman Certification Standards yekuongorora kwemidziyo.

Danho rekupedzisira rinofanira kuumbwa zvaro. chirongwa chemavhiki maviri chekutarisa zviridzwa zvekushandisa, chakabatana neACS inotsanangura maitiro ekuronga mazuva ekupedzisira bvunzo isati yaitwa.

Kugadzirira zuva rekutanga risati rasvika

Muchimiro chakaoma, kugadzirira hakusi basa rechikoro rinoitwa nemaoko. Ndiyo nzira inoita kuti purogiramu ishande. Zuva rega rega rine mabasa matsva anorema, uye hapana vhiki yekupedza nguva yakawanda uchidzidza nezvedzidziso.

Pasa bvunzo yeruzivo nekukurumidza. Kupedza bvunzo yakanyorwa usati watanga rwendo rwekubhururuka zvinoreva kuti chikamu chepasi chekosi yako chinogona kutarisa pabvunzo yemuromo uye pakushandisa zvinhu zviri mucockpit. Kudzidziswa kwaunowana kunoshanda zvakanyanya uye kugadzirira kwecheki kwakachena.

Dzidza mazwi emukamuri remutyairi wendege. Ziva zviridzwa, marongerwo epureti yekupinda, mapfupiso akajairika uye fomati yekutanga yekubvisa IFR. Kufamba uchinyatsogona kunochengetedza maawa emurairidzi.

Rodza kubhururuka kwako kwakajairika. Kubhururuka nemidziyo yemagetsi kunoratidza ndege dzisina kunyatsojeka. Kana kufamba kwako kwakadzika uye kudzorwa kwacho kuchichinja-chinja pazuva rakajeka, kubhururuka zvishoma usati watanga rwendo kunobatsira panguva yekudzikama.

Nyora maawa ekuyambuka nyika. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, maawa makumi mashanu ekufamba-famba munyika yemutyairi wendege ari muuto anodiwa. Tanga wapedza.

Bata chiremba wako zvakanaka. Simbisa kuti gwaro rako rekurapa nderemazuva ano uye kuti hauna mibvunzo nezvekukodzera. Kana uine dambudziko rehutano, taura nemuongorori wezvekurapa wendege akasarudzwa neFAA usati wazvipira kuita purogiramu.

Chengetedza karenda yako. Kosi yakaoma inoda mazuva akazara. Ronga basa uye zvisungo zvako pachako kuitira kuti pfungwa dzako dzive pakudzidziswa kwete kupatsanurwa.

Mari yekuronga

Huwandu hwese hunoenderana nekuti uchiri kuda maawa mangani, mwero wendege ne simulator, uye hurefu hweblock. Pane kuvimba neavhareji ingasaenderana nemamiriro ako ezvinhu, gadzira fungidziro yako kubva muzvikamu izvi:

Zvinhu zviviri zvinofanira kusimbiswa. Chekutanga, modhi yekupa mari paunenge uchifamba inokuratidza nguva yega yega isina kurongwa paHobbs meter. Kana chidzidzo chikadzokororwa, mari yacho inodzokororwa. Chechipiri, kufamba nekugara kwevhiki dzakawanda zvinowanzosiyiwa kunze kwefungidziro dzekutanga, saka sanganisira kubva pakutanga.

Kana uri kuronga nzira yakakura yebasa, zvinobatsira kuona kukosha kwebasa racho muchikamu chose pane kungoripa chete. Tinoburitsa mitengo miviri yepurogiramu: Yakagadziriswa-Mutengo Ndege Yendege Chikoro Chirongwa pamadhora makumi maviri nemasere, uye iyo US Airline Pilot Career Chirongwa pamadhora zviuru makumi mana nezvipfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu ($49,950). Kuti muenzanise zvakajeka nzira mbiri dzekubhadhara, verengai yedu kuongorora mutengo wekubhadhara sezvaunoita kana uchienzanisa nekuongorora mitengo yakatarwa.

Zvakanakira, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa kumhanya

Mabhenefiti ekosi yakamanikidzwa anoshanda:

• Kuchengeta. Unyanzvi hunoshandiswa zuva nezuva hunoramba hwakasimba, saka nguva shoma inopedzerwa pakudzidzazve.
• Momentum. Unoramba wakanyura mumaitiro, zvirevo uye kuita sarudzo.
• Kumhanya kwebasa. Kune vanoda kutyaira ndege dzendege, kupedza bvunzo iyi nekukurumidza kunoita kuti uwane bvunzo dzemainjini akawanda, gwaro rekutengesa uye gwaro remudzidzisi wendege.
• Mari yakatarisana. Sirabhasi yakatsanangurwa inoita kuti maawa acho ave nechinangwa pane kuti ave asina magumo.

Kumhanya kwacho kunoda simba, uye kunopa mubayiro wekugadzirira kwakati. Kubhururuka kwezviridzwa kunoshandisa ndangariro, kuita mabasa akawanda panguva imwe chete uye kusarudza panguva imwe chete, uye kuneta kunovaka pamusoro pekuvhara kwemazuva akawanda. Zvigadzirise nemaune:

• Rara uye idya zvakanaka, uye tora mazuva ekuzorora sechikamu chepurogiramu.
• Rondedzera rwendo rwese rwendege zuva rimwe chete zvinhu zvichiri zvitsva.
• Kumbira mudzidzisi wako kuti aratidze nzvimbo dzisina kusimba nekukurumidza kuitira kuti kudzidzira kwakawedzerwa kuenderane nezvakakosha.
• Gadzirira mazuva mashoma ekuchengetedza muhurongwa hwako hwemamiriro ekunze, kugadzirisa ndege uye mukana wekuti kufamba kunoda imwe nguva.
• Taura chokwadi nezvekumhanya kwako. Kana hunyanzvi huchida mamwe mabasa mashoma, kuwedzera izvi chisarudzo chakanaka uye chikamu chechirongwa chakarongwa, kwete chinokanganisa.

Vadzidzi vanosvika vaine zvidzidzo zvepakutanga, bvunzo yeruzivo rwakapasa uye nguva inodiwa yekuyambuka nyika ndivo vanonyanya kukodzera kupedza panguva yakatarwa.

Ndiani anobatsirwa zvakanyanya nekosi yezviridzwa zvinokurumidza

Chimiro chacho chinokodzera mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo zvakanaka:

• Vadzidzi vane ruzivo rwebasa vari kuchinja zvakananga kubva pakuva vatyairi vendege vega kuenda kumakambani uye vanotarisisa ndege uye vanoda kuramba vachienderera mberi.
• Vatyairi vendege vega vane ruzivo rwekushandisa michina avo vane nguva yakareba yekuvhara hood uye vanoda kupera kwakarongeka.
• Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vanodzidzira panguva yakatarwa yakabatana nechirongwa chavo chemavhiza.
• Vatyairi vendege vanoshanda uyo anogona kuisa parutivi nguva yakati rebei uye achida kupedzisa chiyero pasina kuenderera mberi kwegore rose.

Kana purogiramu yako ichingobvumidza chidzidzo chimwe chete kana zviviri pasvondo, kumhanya kwechinyakare kunogona kukunakira zviri nani, uye purogiramu inogona kurongwa kuti ienderane. Chinangwa ndechekuongorora kwaunoita nechivimbo, kwete mazuva akati wandei.

Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika uye kunyoresa kweM-1

Vatyairi vendege vanobva kunze kweUnited States vanowanzo dzidzira pano nevhiza yevadzidzi vehunyanzvi. Tinotsigira vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vane vhiza yeM-1, uye tinokurudzira kutanga maitiro acho nekukurumidza, nekuti chikoro chinofanira kubvumidzwa kunyoresa vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika uye chikumbiro chako chinoda kugamuchirwa kwakanyorwa uye mari. Simbisa mitemo nemafomu aripo ari pamapeji ehurumende yeUS, uye taura nechikwata chedu chekubvumidzwa nezvenguva usati wabhuka chero rwendo. Yeukawo kuti chiyero chemidziyo chinoda hunyanzvi hweChirungu, saka hunyanzvi hwako hwemutauro hunokosha paredhiyo pamwe nepapepa.

Maonero edu

Tinodzidzisa vatyairi vendege vanoda kubhururuka kuti vawane chouviri, uye izvozvo zvinoshandura maonero edu nezvekuwedzera kwezvishandiso zvendege. Kuyera uku hakusi chinhu chega kwatiri. Idanho riri munhevedzano rinobva pakutyaira ndege yega yega kusvika pakudzidzisa zvekushandisa, injini dzakawanda, zvemabhizinesi uye zvekufambisa ndege kusvika padanho repasi, uye kumhanya kwedanho rega rega kunofanirwa kurongwa nehunyanzvi, kwete nekarenda chete.

Zvinhu zvitatu zvemaitiro edu zvinotevera kubva pane izvozvo. Chekutanga, tiri chirongwa cheFAA Part 141, uye Boka redu reKuzviongorora rinotibvumira kuita maFAA checkrides mumba, izvo zvinobvisa kumirira kwenguva refu kwemuongorori wekunze uyo anowanzo wedzera purogiramu yakamanikana. Chechipiri, tinotaura mwero wekupasa kekutanga uri pamusoro pe90% pabvunzo dzeFAA dzekushanda, izvo zvinoratidza kuti tinogadzirira sei vadzidzi bvunzo dzemuromo nedzendege pamwe chete. Chechitatu, modhi yedu yemitengo yakatarwa inzira yekuchinjana njodzi: mudzidzi anoziva mutengo wenzira yekutanga uye haasi kutarisa Hobbs meter ichikwira kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvinodzokororwa.

Zano redu riri nyore. Svika nebvunzo yeruzivo yapasa uye nguva yekuyambuka nyika yanyorwa, dzidzira zuva nezuva nemudzidzisi mumwe chete, uye rega sirabhasi yakarongwa ikuendese kunzvimbo yekuongororwa. Ndizvo zvinoita kuti kudzidziswa kurambe kwakarongwa.

Rainer

Kusarudza purogiramu

Paunoenzanisa mapurogiramu, bvunza mibvunzo inoratidza kuti kosi yacho inoitwa sei kwete kuti inoshambadzirwa sei:

1. Chirongwa ichi chakatenderwa pasi peFAA Part 141 here, uye izvi zvinorevei pachirongwa chekudzidzisa uye pakuongorora nhanho? Tsananguro yedu pamusoro Zvinorehwa neFAA Chikamu 141 inofukidza zvinhu zvinokosha.
2. Ndiani anotungamira rwendo rwekutarisa, uye kumirira kwakajairika kunosvika kwenguva yakareba sei kana wagadzirira?
3. Mitengo yakatarwa here, kana kuti zvinoenderana nemaawa ekufamba nendege?
4. Ko chiyero chezvishandiso chikamu chenzira yekuenda kuzvinangwa zvebhizinesi nendege here?
5. Rutsigiro rupi ruripo kuvadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira kunyoresa mavhiza?
6. Ndedzipi ndege nemasimulator auchadzidzira, uye zviripo here pamazuva aunoda?

Tinotsanangura zvedu chirongwa chekudzidzisa kuongorora zviridzwa zvevatyairi vendege dzebasa zvakadzama, uye zvedu peji rezvidzidzo zvekutyaira ndege inonyora kosi yeChikamu 141 yezviridzwa pamwe chete nekosi dzevadzidzisi vepachivande, dzemainjini akawanda uye dzendege.

Tanga kudzidzira kwako zviridzwa nesu

Kana uri kuda basa rekutyaira ndege, nzira inoshanda zvakanyanya inoisa chiyero chezvishandiso munzira yakarongeka ine mutengo wakatsanangurwa. Mapurogiramu edu anotangira kuFlorida, anogamuchira vadzidzi vekuUS nevekunze, uye anobatanidza kudzidziswa kweFAA Part 141, kufamba kwemumba uye rutsigiro rweM-1 visa.

Wekudzidza Yakagadziriswa-Mutengo Ndege Yendege Chikoro Chirongwa kuti muone kuti nzira yacho yose yakarongwa sei, kana kushanyirai yedu musha peji kuti titaure nechikwata chedu chekubvumidzwa nezvenzvimbo yekunyora magwaro enyu nhasi.

FAQ

Ndingawana here chiyero chezviridzwa muvhiki imwe kana mbiri?

Zvinoenderana nezvaunouya nazvo. FAA ichiri kuda maawa makumi mana enguva yekushandiswa kwemidziyo uye maawa makumi mashanu enguva yekushanda nemutyairi wendege ari munhandare, saka bhuroko rinokodzera vatyairi vendege vatove nechikamu chikuru cheizvozvo uye vakatodzidza bvunzo. Vadzidzi vanotanga kubva pakutanga vanofanira kuronga kosi refu.

Ndinoda bvunzo yangu yeruzivo ndisati ndatanga kosi yekukurumidzira here?

Unoda bvunzo yeruzivo rwakapasa usati watanga bvunzo yekushanda, uye kuipedza usati watanga rwendo rwekubhururuka ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti kosi inyatsotarisa pabvunzo yemuromo uye pakushandisa zvinhu zviri mundege.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti pave nekuongororwa kwezviridzwa?

Unoda chitupa chekutyaira chega kana kunyorera panguva imwe chete, uye unofanira kuverenga, kutaura, kunyora uye kunzwisisa Chirungu. Usati waenda kunoongorora, unodawo ruzivo rwakanyorwa mu14 CFR 61.65 uye mvumo yakakodzera yemudzidzisi.

Ko nzira yekukurumidzisa inodhura kupfuura yetsika here?

Mari yacho inoenderana nemaawa aunobhururuka, mitengo yendege nemitambo yekufambisa, uye chero pekugara kana kufamba, kwete nefomati chete. Sirabhasi yakatsanangurwa uye chimiro chemutengo wakatarwa zvinokubatsira kuronga huwandu hwese uye kudzivirira kushamisika kwezvidzidzo zvinodzokororwa.

Vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vanogona kutora kosi yekuyera zviridzwa muUnited States here?

Ehe. Tinotsigira vadzidzi vekune dzimwe nyika vane M-1 visa. Tanga nekukurumidza, simbisa zvinodiwa pari zvino pamapeji ehurumende yeUS, uye taura nechikwata chedu chekugamuchira vadzidzi kuti mazuva ekudzidzira kwako aenderane nenguva yako yevhiza.

Sources

• Kuyera Zviridzwa, AOPA
• 14 CFR 61.65 Zvinodiwa pakuyera zviridzwa, eCFR

varumbidzwa

• Kudzidziswa Kwendege Kwakakurumidzirwa: Mashandiro Ezvirongwa zveMutyairi weNzendo Inokurumidza
• Chirongwa Chekudzidzisa Kuyera Zviridzwa zveVatyairi Vemabhiriyoni Ebasa
• Chitupa Chemitemo Yendege Yezviridzwa: Nzira Yechokwadi Yekuwana IFR Rating
• Sarudzo dzeKudzidzira Ndege Nekukurumidza kune Vari Kugadzirira Kubhururuka