ⓘ TL;DR
- Ko ngā ara o Victor he ara rererangi IFR teitei-iti i hangaia i runga i ngā teihana VOR, e mahi ana mai i te 1,200 putu AGL ki te 18,000 putu MSL.
- Ka whakatakotohia e rātou he hanganga ki te wāhi hau mā te tautuhi i ngā ara e taea te matapae ka taea e ngā ATC te wehe me te tiaki i te whenua.
- Ka whakawhirinaki ngā ara o Victor ki te whakatere i runga i te whenua, kia taea ai e ngā waka rererangi te uru atu me te kore GPS, kia pono hoki i te wā e motu ana te RNAV.
- He pai ake te whakamahi i te GPS hei huarahi tika mā ngā huarahi-T, engari ko ngā huarahi Victor tonu te poutokomanawa IFR taunoa mō te rererangi whānui.
- Mā te matatau ki ngā huringa ara o Victor, te tautuhi VOR, me te āhua o te ara hau ka hangaia te auautanga e hiahiatia ana e ngā pailate IFR katoa.
Ripanga o Ihirangi
Ka tae atu ia pailate taputapu ki te wā e rite ana te ātea IFR teitei-iti ki tētahi rārangi whakatikatika me ngā tau matapōkere. Ko te mea ngaro, ko aua aho e whai ana i tētahi ariā tawhito atu i te GPS tonu. Ko ngā ara Victor ngā huarahi teitei-iti taketake o te Pūnaha Ātea ā-Motu, i hangaia i runga i te whatunga o ngā teihana VOR e mau tonu ana i ngā taputapu e rere ana mō te rererangi whānui.
He maha ngā pailate e whakaaro ana ki ngā ara o Victor hei kōwhiringa tuku taunoa, me te kore e mārama he aha i puta ai, he wā rānei ka hē ai. He mea nui taua āputaputa nā te mea ka tāpirihia e te ara o Victor e pikopiko ana i waenga i ngā VOR he maero me te uauatanga ka whakakorea e te huarahi RNAV hou. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te pailate IFR pai me te pai rawa atu ko te mōhio ki te wā e whakamahia ai te pūnaha tawhito me te wā e karohia ai.
Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te hanganga o ngā ara o Victor, me pēhea te whakatakoto me te rere i aua ara, me ngā wāhi e kore ai e pai ki te whakataurite ki ngā ara-T me te ara GPS tika. Hei te mutunga, ka mōhio koe ki te wā tika hei whakawhirinaki ki te ara rererangi o Victor, me te wā tika hei tono mō tētahi mea pai ake.
He aha te mea e hanga ai te Ara o Victor hei Ara o Victor
Ko te ara o Victor he ara rererangi IFR teitei-iti e tautuhia ana e ngā wāhanga rārangi tika e hono ana i ngā teihana VOR, i ngā whakawhitinga VOR kua whakaputaina rānei. I ahu mai te 'V' i te arapū oro ICAO, ko Victor te tohu mō te reta V, e tohu ana i ēnei hei hanganga whakatere teitei-iti tuatahi i roto i te Pūnaha Mokowārangi ā-Motu.
Ka whakahaerehia ēnei ara rererangi mai i te 1,200 putu AGL ki te 18,000 putu MSL, koinei te tuanui o ngā mahi IFR teitei-iti. I runga ake i tēnā, ka neke te hanganga ki ngā ara Jet, e whakamahi ana i te āhuahanga VOR kotahi engari i ngā teitei teitei ake, me te whānui ake o te tawhiti i waenga i ngā whakatikatika.
He mea nui tēnei rerekētanga nā te mea me huri katoa te momo huarahi o te pailate e neke ana mai i te teitei iti ki te teitei teitei, kāore e mau tonu te tau ara rererangi kotahi.
Ko te nuinga o ngā pailate ka ako i ngā ara o Victor hei mahi pānui tūtohi i te wā e whakangungu ana i ngā taputapu, ā, kāore e hoki anō ki te arorau matua. Ehara ngā ara i te rārangi tūpono. Ka whai i ngā tauira kapinga o ngā tuku VOR whenua, ko te tikanga ko te wātea o te ara ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā teihana e mahi ana me te ekenga o ā rātou tohu ki te teitei e hiahiatia ana.
Tērā pea ka ngaro te ara o Victor e tū ana i tēnei rā āpōpō mēnā ka whakakorehia te VOR, i te mea kei te haere tonu te FAA ki te whakawhiti ki Hanganga whakatere e hangai ana ki te GPS.
Mā te mārama ki tēnei hanganga ka huri te huarahi e whakamahere ai te pailate i tētahi rerenga. Ko te tuku V123 ehara i te mea ko te whiriwhiri noa i tētahi rārangi i runga i tētahi tūtohi, engari ko te piripono ki tētahi pūtake whakatere whenua motuhake me ngā herenga tohu me ngā here whenua e mōhiotia ana. Ko te pailate e mōhio ana ki te take o te ara e rere ana me te mōhio nui atu i te pailate e mōhio ana ki te wāhi kua tohua.
Te Hanganga o te Ātea e Ngā Ara o Victor
Ko te whakaaro hē e tino kitea ana mō ngā ara o Victor ko te mea ko te ārahi i ngā pailate mai i te pūwāhi A ki te pūwāhi B te kaupapa matua. Ko te mea pono, ko te whakatakoto tikanga ki runga i te teitei iti. waeawera, e wehewehe ana i ngā waka IFR mai i ngā waka VFR, te whenua, me te pōrearea o te nekehanga kore taunga. Koinei te hanganga ara whakatere paerewa mā tēnā ka taea te matapae i te pūnaha katoa.
He ara kua whakaaetia i mua ngā ara katoa o Victor i runga i te tūtohi iti-teitei. Ina tukuna e te pailate te V123, ka mōhio te ATC ki te wāhi e tū ai taua waka rererangi, ki ēhea teitei, me ēhea arai e tata ana. Mā te whānui o te huarahi ka wātea ngā arai. Mā te raina waenganui ka wehea te waka mai i ngā waka rererangi e anga ke ana i runga i te ara rererangi kotahi. Kāore he whakapae.
Mā tēnei āheinga matapae ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te whakarārangi i ngā waka rererangi maha i runga i te huarahi kotahi i ngā teitei rerekē. Ki te kore ngā huarahi Victor, me tātari takitahi te whenua me te waka o ia rerenga IFR. Mā rātou, ka tauine te pūnaha.
Ko te rerekētanga ko te pakari o ngā ara o Victor. E whai ana i te āhuahanga VOR, ehara i te ara tino whai hua i waenga i ngā tāone e rua. Tērā pea ka kitea e te pailate e rere ana mai i te taunga rererangi wehe atu ki tētahi ūnga kei waenganui i ngā VOR e rua te piko o te ara huri noa i te teihana, kaua e tapahi tika atu. Koinei te utu o te hanganga.
Ko te mārama ki tēnei taupatupatu te mea e wehewehe ana i ngā pailate e whakaaro ana ki ngā ara o Victor hei here, i te hunga e whakamahi ana i aua ara hei taputapu. Ehara te ara i te here. Ko te here ko te kore mōhio ki te wā e whai hua ai te hanganga, me te wā kāore.
Te Whakauru i tētahi Ara o Victor ki roto i tō Mahere Rere
Ehara te whakatakoto i tētahi ara mō Victor i te tuhi rārangi ki tētahi tūtohi. Engari ko te whakamāori i te āhua ā-tinana o ngā teihana VOR ki tētahi aho ara e mārama ana a ATC, ā, ka taea e koe te rere. Ko te nuinga o ngā pailate ka peke i te taahiraa o te manatoko kei te hono tonu te ara i whiriwhiria e rātou i te wehenga atu me te ūnga atu, me te kore he āputa i roto i te kapinga.
Hipanga 1. Whakatauhia ō taunga rererangi wehenga atu me tō taunga rererangi ūnga. Tuhia ēnei hei tohu ICAO, KAPA ki KASE, kaua ko te APA ki ASE anake. Mā tēnei ka hiahia koe ki te titiro ki te tūtohi tuturu, kaua ki te whakaaro noa i te huarahi.
Hipanga 2. Whakatuwheratia te tūtohi ara iti-teitei, ka tautuhi i te ara rererangi o Victor e hono ana i ngā taunga rererangi e rua. Rapua te ara rererangi e tika ana mā roto, e tata ana rānei ki ngā wāhi e rua. Mena kāore he ara rererangi kotahi e hono ana i a rāua, me whai ara koe e hono ana i ngā ara rererangi maha mā roto i te VOR kotahi, i te whakawhitiwhitinga rānei.
Hipanga 3. Kia mōhio ki ngā whakatikatika mō te tomo me te puta. Koinei ngā teihana VOR, ngā whakawhitinga rānei kua whakaingoatia, te wāhi e hono ai, e wehe atu ai hoki koe i ia wāhanga ara manawa. Tuhia kia rite ki te raupapa. Ko tētahi hapa noa ko te whakarārangi i tētahi VOR kāore i te tino kitea i runga i te ara manawa e hiahia ana koe ki te rere.
Hipanga 4. Tāpirihia te ara ki te wāhanga ara o tō mahere rere mā te whakamahi i te whakatakotoranga paerewa: V123 mai i te whakatika ki te whakatika. Hei tauira, tāpirihia te "KAPA V123 DVV V456 KASE" hei tohu i ngā ara rererangi me ngā pūwāhi whakawhiti. Ka whakaratohia e te FAA ngā tohutohu tāpiri taipitopito ki roto i te Pukapuka Mōhiohio Rererangi.
Hipanga 5. Whiwhi i tō whakaaetanga ka rere i te rārangi pokapū o te ara manawa. Kia mau ki te teitei kua whakaputaina mō te ahunga rere. Aroturukihia te taputapu hopu VOR hei whakaū kei roto koe i te wāhi hau e tiakina ana.
Mā te whakaoti tika i tēnei tukanga e mōhio pū ana te ATC ki tō wāhi noho. Ko te āheinga ki te matapae te kaupapa matua o te pūnaha huarahi o Victor.
Ngā Huarahi o Victor me ngā Huarahi-T: Te Rerekētanga Tuturu
Ehara te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā ara o Victor me ngā ara-T i te mea he teitei, he pakeke rānei. He wehewehenga taketake tēnei i roto i te rapunga whakaaro mō te whakatere, arā, ko te whenua me te wāhi, ā, mā taua wehewehenga ka whakatau ko tēhea momo ara e pai ake ai te mahi māu i tētahi wāhanga. Mā te whiriwhiri hē ka nui ake ngā maero, te kawenga mahi, te mōrearea rānei.
Te Whakataurite i ngā Huarahi Victor me ngā Huarahi-T
He whakamārama taha-ki-taha o ngā pūnaha ara hau matua e rua o te teitei iti e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakatere o ēnei rā.
| huanga | Ngā Huarahi o Victor | Ngā Huarahi-T |
|---|---|---|
| Pūtake whakatere | Ngā teihana VOR | GPS / RNAV |
| Te awhe teitei | 1,200 putu AGL ki te 18,000 putu MSL | 1,200 putu AGL ki te 18,000 putu MSL |
| Āhuatanga ara | Ngā wāhanga i waenga i ngā VOR | Tika tonu mai i te pūwāhi ki te pūwāhi |
| Whānui o te parenga arai | 4 NM tuatahi | 4 NM tuatahi + 2 NM tuarua |
| Taputapu e hiahiatia ana | Kaiwhiwhi VOR | RNAV whaimana GPS / IFR |
Ka toa ngā huarahi-T i runga i te whai huatanga me te tika, engari me whakamahi taputapu GPS me te moni raraunga. Ka toa ngā huarahi Victor i runga i te pono me te urunga atu, ka taea e tetahi waka rererangi me te kaiwhiwhi VOR e mahi ana te rere i a rātou, ā, ko te kua tino tuhia te hanganga o te ara manawa i runga i ngā tūtohi teitei-iti i te ara. Ko te kōwhiringa tika kei tō papatohu me tō ūnga.
He aha ngā pailate e rere tonu ana i ngā ara o Victor
He hē te whakaaro kua tawhito ngā ara o Victor nā te GPS. He tere ake te ara tika o te RNAV i runga i te pepa, engari i hangaia te pūnaha hau ā-motu i runga i ngā ara rererangi e hangai ana ki te VOR, ā, kāore taua hanganga e memeha haere. Ko ngā ara o Victor tonu te anga IFR teitei-iti taunoa i te nuinga o te whenua, ā, ko ngā pailate e kore e aro ki aua ara kei te rere me te kore he mahere tārua.
Kāore e taea e ngā waka rererangi kāore he taputapu GPS te rere ture i ngā ara-T, te arahi rānei i ngā ara RNAV. Mō ngā mano tini o ngā waka rererangi whānui e mau tonu ana i te kotahi noa te kaiwhiwhi VOR, ehara ngā ara Victor i te mea pai, engari ko rātou anake te kōwhiringa. Ko ēnei ngā huarahi tere i te rangi whakarato i tētahi ara kua tūtohihia, kua whakaaetia e te ATC, kāore e hiahiatia he taputapu rererangi tāpiri.
Ahakoa i roto i ngā kokopiti kua whakauruhia ki te GPS, ko ngā ara o Victor te hanganga whakaora rahunga matua. Mēnā ka motu te GPS i waenganui o te rere, ka kore he ara RNAV mō te pailate. Kei reira tonu te whatunga ara o Victor, kei te tūtohi tonu, ā, kei te tautokona tonutia e te ATC. Ka taea e ngā pailate e mōhio ana ki te hanganga ara hau te neke ki te whakatere VOR me te kore e ngaro tetahi mea.
Ko te tino take e mau tonu ai ngā ara o Victor he māmā ake i ngā tautohetohe hangarau. Koinei te tūāpapa o ia whakatauranga taputapu Ka akohia e te marautanga. Ka ako ngā pailate IFR hou ki te rere i ngā ara o Victor i mua i te ako tika i te RNAV. Mā taua ara whakangungu ka mārama te whakatupuranga o ngā pailate ki te pūnaha, ahakoa kei te rere rātou me ngā kokopiti karāhe.
E kore ngā ara o Victor e ngaro. Ko te pātai, mehemea ka mau tonu te koi o ngā pūkenga o ngā pailate kia taea ai e rātou te whakamahi ina kore te mata GPS e kite.
Te whakatere i ngā huringa ara i te ara o Victor
Ko te huringa huarahi i runga i te huarahi Victor te wāhi e tūtaki ai te arorau o te ara manawa ki te rere tūturu. Ko te whakatikatika tonu, he teihana VOR, he whakawhitinga rānei, koia anake te pūwāhi whakaoho. Ko te mahi tūturu ka puta i te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā wāhanga, ā, ko taua whakawhiti e hiahia ana ki tētahi raupapa mahi motuhake hei pupuri i te tika o te whakatere me te Te whakawāteatanga ATC.
Tāutuhia te whakatikatika i mua i te hiahiatanga
Ka tohua te whakatikatika ki te tūtohi teitei-iti i te ara hei tohu VOR, hei wāhi rānei e hono ana ki tētahi tohu reta-rima. Kia mōhio ki te tawhiti mai i tō tūranga o nāianei me te radial e tautuhi ana i te whakatikatika. Mā te mōhio ki tēnei i mua i te wā ka ārai i te raruraru e puta mai ana ina uru ohorere te ngira CDI ki waenganui.
Whakatū me te tautuhi i te VOR e whai ake nei i a koe e noho tonu ana i te wāhanga o nāianei
Utaina te auau o te VOR e whai ake nei ki roto i te mokowā tūtatari o te reo irirangi tuarua. Whakaūtia kei te ōrite te tohu waehere Morse, te tohu reo rānei ki te tūtohi. Kāore e taea te whiriwhiri i tēnei taahiraa, ko te tikanga o te VOR he he te whakatikatika, he koretake te wāhanga ara katoa.
Whakatakotoria te ara hou mō te OBS i mua i te whiti i te whakatikatika
Waeahia te radial puta atu i te VOR o nāianei, i te radial taumai rānei ki te VOR e whai ake nei ki roto i te OBS. Me huri te ngira ki tētahi taha. Ina pokapū ki te pūmau, kua rite te huri ki te mahi tonu.
Whakawhitihia te whakatikatika ka huri ki te pane hou
I te wā e pū ana te CDI, ā, ka huri te tohu TO/FROM, tīmata te huri ki te ara hou. Me rite te tere o te huri ki te tere paerewa mēnā kāore i te kīia tētahi atu e te ATC. Kaua e whaia te ngira, whakatūria te ahunga, ā, tukua kia pū noa te ngira.
Whakaū kua tū koe ki te wāhanga hou
Me noho te ngira ki waenganui i roto i ētahi nekehanga o te pane hou. Ki te kore, tirohia te tautuhinga OBS me te tautuhi VOR. Ko te rerekētanga pumau he tohu hapa whakatere, he hiahia rānei kia manatokohia te teitei hurihuri iti rawa mō te wāhanga, ko ētahi huringa huarahi me whakarerekē te teitei kia noho tonu ai ki roto i te wāhi hau e tiakina ana.
Mā te whakaoti pai i tēnei raupapatanga, kāore e kitea e te ATC te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā wāhanga o te ara o Victor. Ka kite te kaiwhakahaere i tētahi pailate e noho tonu ana ki te rārangi pokapū, ā, ko taua whakawhirinakitanga ka whakaitihia ngā aukati me ngā wātea tika i te wāhanga e whai ake nei.
Ina ehara ngā Huarahi o Victor i te Kōwhiringa Pai rawa atu
Ko te pono o ngā ara o Victor he utu huna e kitea ana e te nuinga o ngā pailate i muri i tā rātou tono. Ko te ara e whai ana i te āhuahanga VOR ka piko, ka piko haere puta noa i te tūtohi, ka tāpirihia he maero me he meneti ki te rerenga i taea te rere tika. Ko te hanganga e whakarato ana i te matapae ka puta he koretake.
I mua: Ka tukuna e te pailate te V16 mai i te wehenga ki te ūnga nā te mea koinei te kōwhiringa mārama i runga i te tūtohi teitei-iti i te huarahi. Ka neke te huarahi i waenga i ngā VOR e toru, ka tāpirihia he 30 maero moana, ā, e rua ngā huringa huarahi e hiahiatia ana. Ka tae mai te pailate i muri mai, ka pau te wahie tāpiri, ā, ka miharo he aha te āhua uaua o te āputa.
I muri: Ka tirohia e te pailate kotahi te paparanga o te huarahi-T, ka tono rānei kia tukuna he ara GPS tika i waenga i ngā pito kotahi. He poto ake te huarahi, he māmā ake te tawhiti, ā, he taea te matapae i te wā taenga. I penapena te pailate i te wahie, ā, i whakaiti i te mahi mā te whiriwhiri i te taputapu tika mō te haerenga, kaua i te taputapu taunoa.
He māmā noa te taupatupatu: Kei ngā ara o Victor he hanganga tūtohi me te wehenga ATC, engari he tika ake ngā huarahi kē atu mō te RNAV. Ko te pūkenga ko te mōhio ki te wā e tika ai whakapikohia te mahere me te wā hoki me piri ki te huarahi matua. Ko te nuinga o ngā pailate ka whakamahi i ngā huarahi Victor nā te tikanga, ehara i te whakahē.
Ka Ara a Matua Victor, ka Rere me te Whakapono
Ko te pailate e mārama ana ki ngā ara o Victor, e kite ana i te pūnaha IFR iti-teitei ehara i te mea he whatunga rārangi whakapoauau engari he hanganga arorau i hangaia i runga i te whakatere whenua. Ka huri taua māramatanga i te aromatawai i ia mahere rere, te pānui i ia whakaaetanga, me te whakahaere i ia tahuritanga.
Ko te tikanga o te kore aro ki tēnei pūkenga ko te rere me te wāhi matapo. Ina kore te GPS e mahi, ina kore e wātea he huarahi-T, ina tukuna rānei e te kaiwhakahaere he āputa e whakapiko ana i te mahere, ka ngaro te wā me te mōhiotanga o te pailate e kore e taea te tiro i te hanganga huarahi o Victor. Ko te pailate e taea ana te noho ki mua i te waka rererangi.
Tōia he tūtohi ara-iti mō tō taunga rererangi kāinga. Whaia ngā ara o Victor e hono ana i tō wehenga atu me tō taenga mai. Whakatakotoria tētahi mō tō rerenga IFR e whai ake nei. Rerehia. Koinei te huarahi e huri ai te mōhiotanga taketake hei pūkenga mahi.
Ngā Pātai Noa mō ngā Huarahi o Victor
He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā huarahi T me ngā huarahi Victor Airways?
Ko ngā ara-T he ara rererangi iti-teitei e hangai ana ki te RNAV e whakamahi ana i ngā tohu ara GPS mō te whakatere, ko ngā ara Victor ia e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā teihana VOR e hangai ana ki te whenua hei tautuhi i ō rātou wāhanga ara. Ko te rerekētanga mahi ko te mea ka taea e ngā ara-T te tika ake nā te mea kāore ngā tohu ara GPS e herea e ngā wāhi VOR, engari ko ngā ara Victor tonu te hanganga taunoa mō ngā waka rererangi kāore he taputapu GPS.
He aha ngā kaiurungi i kī ai he ngāwari te wikitoria?
Ka kīia e ngā pailate "easy victor" hei whakaū oro ina whakaaetia kia rere i runga i te waka rererangi Victor, mā te whakamahi i te kupu ICAO mō te reta V hei whakaū i te whakaaetanga. Mā tēnei momo kupu ka whakaitihia te rangirua o te reo irirangi mā te wehewehe mārama i te tohu o te waka rererangi mai i ngā kupu, ngā tau rānei he rite te tangi i roto i te taiao rangi pukumahi.
He aha ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana hei rere i te huarahi o Victor?
Ko te rere i te ara o Victor me whai i tētahi kaiwhiwhi VOR e mahi ana, me te kaha ki te tautuhi i te teihana, mā te waehere Morse oro, mā te tohu matihiko rānei. E taunakihia ana kia whakamahia he kaiwhiwhi VOR tuarua, he waeine DME rānei hei whakatere i ngā huringa huarahi i ngā whakawhitiwhitinga e whiti ana ngā radial e rua.
