Ua wehewehe ka US Airspace System, RSVM, TUC, Oxygen, VFR, IFR
Ma ke ʻano he pailaka ʻoihana a i ʻole he mea hoihoi i ka mokulele, e hoʻomaopopo i ka paʻakikī o ka Pūnaehana mokulele US he mea koʻikoʻi e hōʻoia i ka palekana a me ka maikaʻi o nā hana lele. Hāʻawi kēia alakaʻi piha iā ʻoe i kahi ʻimi hohonu o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ea, Hoʻemi ʻia Vertical Separation Minimum. (RVSM), ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mokulele, a pehea e hiki ai i Florida Flyers International Flight Academy ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻokele i ka Pūnaehana Airspace US. Eia kekahi, e kūkākūkā mākou i ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mokulele, nā mokulele e hana ana ma ka mokulele RVSM, nā koi oxygen, Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC), a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no nā haumāna Florida Flyers Flight e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokele mokulele.
Introduction to US Airspace System
ʻO ka US Airspace System kahi pūnaewele nui a paʻakikī i hoʻolālā ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka neʻe palekana a me ka maikaʻi o nā mokulele a puni ka ʻāina. Mālama ʻia ia e ka Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) a ua māhele ʻia i ʻeono mau ʻāpana like ʻole: Airspace A, B, C, D, E, a me G. ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻāpana e lawelawe i kahi kumu kikoʻī a loaʻa i kāna mau lula a me nā hoʻoponopono a nā pailaka. pono e pili i ka wā e hana ai i loko o kona mau palena.
He mea nui ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ka Pūnaehana Airspace o US no nā pailaka a me nā mea hoʻokele ea, no ka mea, kōkua ia i ka hoʻomāmā ʻana i ka holo ʻana o nā mokulele a hōʻoia i ka palekana o nā mea āpau. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana iā ʻoe iho me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mokulele a me kā lākou mau lula pili, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele wiwo ʻole i ka lewa a pale aku i nā pōʻino a i ʻole nā haehae.
Ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano lewa like ʻole (A, B, C, D, E, G)
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano mokulele i loko o ka US Airspace System he kumu kūʻokoʻa a loaʻa iā ia nā koi kūikawā no nā pailaka e hana ana i loko o kona mau palena. Ma kēia ʻāpana, e hāʻawi mākou i kahi ʻike o kēlā me kēia ʻano, a me kā lākou mau lula a me nā lula.
Mokulele A
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Airspace A ma ke ʻano he "airspace controlled" a mālama ʻia no nā hana Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) wale nō. Hoʻopili ia i ka lewa mai 18,000 kapuaʻi Mean Sea Level (MSL) a i Flight Level (FL) 600. I mea e hana ai ma Airspace A, pono e loaʻa i nā pailaka ka helu mea kani a e kamaʻilio mau me ka Air Traffic Control (ATC).
Mokulele B
Loaʻa ka Airspace B, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Class Bravo," a puni nā mokulele paʻa loa ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. Hoʻolālā ʻia ia e hoʻokipa i ka leo kiʻekiʻe o ka holo IFR a me Visual Flight Rules (VFR), me nā koi komo paʻa no nā pailaka. No ke komo ʻana i ka mokulele papa B, pono e loaʻa i nā pailaka ka ʻae ATC, e loaʻa i kahi palapala hoʻokele pilikino (a i ʻole he haumāna pailaka me nā hōʻoia kūpono), a loaʻa i kahi transponder Mode C me ka hiki ke hōʻike kiʻekiʻe.
Mokulele C
Loaʻa ka Airspace C, a i ʻole "Class Charlie," a puni nā mokulele me nā pae kaʻa haʻahaʻa a hāʻawi i nā hana IFR a me VFR. Pono ke komo ʻana i ka lewa papa C i nā pailaka e hoʻokumu i ke kamaʻilio lekiō ʻelua ala me ATC a loaʻa i kahi transponder Mode C me ka hiki ke hōʻike kiʻekiʻe. Pono nā pailaka e mālama i kahi mamao kikoʻī mai nā ao a mālama i kahi pae ʻike i ka wā e lele ana i kēia mokulele.
Mokulele D
Loaʻa ka Airspace D, i kapa ʻia ʻo "Class Delta," a puni nā mokulele me kahi hale kiaʻi hoʻokele hana, akā ʻaʻole paha i loaʻa nā lawelawe radar. Pono nā pailaka e hana ana ma ka papa D lewa e hoʻokumu i ka leka uila ʻelua ala me ATC, akā ʻaʻole pono e loaʻa kahi transponder Mode C. Pono nō hoʻi nā pailaka VFR e hoʻokō i nā koi a me nā koi ʻike maka.
Mokulele E
ʻO Airspace E, a i ʻole "Class Echo," ʻo ia ke ʻano ākea ākea o ka ea a hiki ke loaʻa i nā mokulele a puni a ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻāina. Ua ʻae ʻia nā hana VFR a me IFR i loko o ka mokulele papa E, akā pono nā mokulele IFR ma kahi hoʻolālā lele IFR a me ke kamaʻilio ʻana me ATC. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe, pono e hoʻokō ʻia nā koi hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ke ao a me nā koi e nā mea hoʻokele VFR.
Ea G
ʻO Airspace G, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "Class Golf," ʻo ia wale nō ka lewa i hoʻomalu ʻole ʻia i loko o ka Pūnaehana Airspace US. Hiki ke loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻilikai ma nā wahi mamao a i ʻole ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ma nā wahi ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe. Ua ʻae ʻia nā hana VFR a me IFR i loko o ka mokulele papa G, akā ʻaʻohe koi kamaʻilio kikoʻī no nā pailaka. ʻOkoʻa nā koi o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ao a me ka ʻike ʻana ma muli o ka manawa o ka lā a me ke kiʻekiʻe.
Hoemi Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) a me ka hoʻokaʻawale mokulele
ʻO ka Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum (RVSM) kahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi i loko o ka Pūnaehana Airspace US e hiki ai ke hoʻohana pono i ka lewa a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka palekana lele. ʻO RVSM ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale kū pololei ma waena o nā mokulele e lele ana ma nā kiʻekiʻe ma waena o FL290 (29,000 kapuaʻi) a me FL410 (41,000 kapuaʻi) mai 2,000 kapuaʻi a 1,000 kapuaʻi. Hoʻonui kēia hoʻololi i ka helu o nā pae lele i loaʻa a hiki i ka hoʻokele pono ʻana a me ka hoʻohana wahie.
No ka hana ʻana i loko o ka mokulele RVSM, pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā mokulele me nā lako kikoʻī, e like me kahi ʻōnaehana makaʻala kiʻekiʻe a me kahi ʻōnaehana autopilot hiki ke mālama i ke kiʻekiʻe i loko o ± 65 kapuaʻi. Eia hou, pono e loaʻa i nā pailaka ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūpono a me ka ʻae mai ka FAA e hana i loko o ka mokulele RVSM.
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mokulele he mea koʻikoʻi o ka palekana o ka mokulele, a he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka RVSM i ka hōʻoia ʻana e mālama ʻia ka kaʻawale kūpono ma waena o nā mokulele i nā manawa āpau. Ma ka ho'ēmiʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mokulele, hiki i ka RVSM ke hoʻohana pono i ka lewa a me ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka mana, me ka mālamaʻana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana.
ʻO ke koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka mokulele i ka palekana o ka mokulele
ʻO ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ea he mea koʻikoʻi o ka palekana o ka mokulele, no ka mea e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻana o ka mokulele i kahi mamao palekana mai kekahi i kekahi i nā manawa āpau. ʻO kēia kaʻawaleʻana e kōkua i ka paleʻana i nā kuʻi a hiki i ka holo mālie a me ka maikaʻi o ka holoʻana o ka ea. Ma ka US Airspace System, loaʻa ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma o ka hui ʻana o nā kūlana hoʻokaʻawale kūpaʻa a me ke ākea, a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā holomua ʻenehana e like me ka Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS).
Pūnaehana TCAS a me RVSM
ka Pūnaehana ʻAla Kūleʻa a me ka ʻAi Kūleʻa (TCAS) he mea pono no ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ea a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka palekana o ka mokulele. ʻO TCAS kahi ʻōnaehana ma luna o ka moku e nānā ana i ke kūlana o nā mokulele kokoke a hāʻawi i nā pailaka me nā mākaʻikaʻi ʻike a me ka lohe ʻana inā ʻike ʻia kahi hui ʻana. Hiki i ka ʻōnaehana ke hāʻawi i nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hoʻonā, i manaʻo ʻia e hoʻonui i ka kaʻawale ma waena o nā mokulele ʻelua.
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka TCAS i ka mokulele RVSM, ʻoiai ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka hoʻokaʻawale kūʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mokulele e hoʻonui i ka pilikia o nā hakakā. Ma ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea hoʻokele me ka ʻike manawa maoli e pili ana i nā mokulele kokoke, kōkua ʻo TCAS i ka mālama ʻana i kahi kaʻawale palekana ma waena o nā mokulele a pale i nā hoʻokūkū waena.
VFR a me IFR e lele ana ma ka US Airspace System
ʻO Visual Flight Rules (VFR) a me Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) nā ʻano kumu ʻelua o ka lele ʻana i loko o ka Pūnaehana Airspace US. ʻO ka lele ʻana o VFR e hilinaʻi ana i ka hiki o ka pailaka ke ʻike a pale aku i nā mokulele ʻē aʻe a hoʻokele me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kuhikuhi ʻike ma ka honua. ʻO ka lele ʻana o IFR, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, pono i nā pailaka e hilinaʻi i kā lākou mau mea kani a hahai i nā kaʻina hana kikoʻī e hoʻokele i ka ʻōnaehana mokulele.
Loaʻa i ka lele ʻana o VFR a me IFR nā koi kūikawā a me nā lula e pono ai nā pailaka e mālama i ka wā e hana ana i loko o ka Pūnaehana Airspace o US. No ka laʻana, pono nā mea hoʻokele VFR e mālama i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kapuaʻi kikoʻī a me nā koi ʻike, ʻoiai pono nā mea hoʻokele IFR ma kahi hoʻolālā lele IFR a me ke kamaʻilio mau ʻana me ATC. Hoʻohui ʻia, mālama ʻia kekahi mau ʻano o ka mokulele, e like me Class A, no nā hana IFR.
ʻO Florida Flyers International Flight Academy: Ke aʻo ʻana i nā mokulele a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka Pūnaehana Airspace US
ʻO Florida Flyers International Flight Academy kahi kula mokulele mua e hāʻawi ana i nā papahana hoʻomaʻamaʻa piha no nā mea hoʻokele makemake. ʻO kekahi o nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o kā lākou haʻawina ʻo ia ke aʻo ʻana i nā haumāna e pili ana i ka US Airspace System a me ke kōkua ʻana iā lākou e hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻano lewa like ʻole a me kā lākou mau lula a me nā lula.
Ma o ka hui pū ʻana o ke aʻo ʻana o ka lumi papa, ka hoʻohālikelike lele, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lele lima, loaʻa i nā haumāna Florida Flyers ka ʻike hohonu o ka US Airspace System a me nā mākau e pono ai e hoʻokele me ka palekana a me ka hilinaʻi. Hāʻawi nā kumu aʻo akamai o ke kula i ke alakaʻi pilikino a me ke kākoʻo, e hōʻoia ana e loaʻa i kēlā me kēia haumāna ka hoʻonaʻauao kūlana kiʻekiʻe loa.
Hāʻawi ʻo Florida Flyers i nā papa hoʻomaʻamaʻa like ʻole, e like me Private Pilot, Commercial Pilot, a me nā papahana Airline Transport Pilot (ATP). Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia papahana ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻana i nā hoʻoponopono lewa, RVSM, kaʻawale mokulele, a me nā manaʻo koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe e pono ai no ka holo ʻana o ka lele.
Hiki i nā mokulele mokulele: Pehea ke kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai i kahi Cessna 172 a me Cessna 152 ke lele?
He mea koʻikoʻi ka noʻonoʻo ʻana o ka hiki ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mokulele no nā pailaka e hana ana i loko o ka Pūnaehana Airspace US. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o kāu mokulele ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻolālā i kāu lele ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka hōʻoia ʻana e hana ana ʻoe i loko o ka mokulele kūpono.
ʻO ka Cessna 172 a me Cessna 152 ʻelua mau mokulele hoʻokahi-engine kaulana i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa lele ʻana a me ka mokulele ākea. ʻO ke kaupaku lawelawe kiʻekiʻe loa no kahi Cessna 172 ma kahi o 14,000 kapuaʻi, aʻo ka palena kiʻekiʻe loa no kahi Cessna 152 ma kahi o 14,000 kapuaʻi pū kekahi.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ʻaʻole like ke kaupaku lawelawe kiʻekiʻe me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai i kahi mokulele ke lele. ʻO ke kaupaku lawelawe kiʻekiʻe e hōʻike ana i ke kiʻekiʻe e hiki ai i kahi mokulele ke mālama i ka piʻi o 100 kapuaʻi i kēlā me kēia minuke a i ʻole. ʻO ke kaupaku piha, a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e lele ai ka mokulele, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kaupaku lawelawe akā hiki ke ʻokoʻa ma muli o nā kumu e like me ka mahana a me ke kaomi o ka lewa.
ʻO nā mokulele e hana ana i ka mokulele RVSM a me nā koi oxygen
Nui nā mokulele e hana ana i loko o ka US Airspace System e hoʻohana i ka mokulele RVSM e hoʻonui i ka pono a me ka hiki. Eia nō naʻe, pono i ka mokulele ʻo RVSM i nā lako a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā, a pono nā pailaka e hoʻokō i kekahi mau koi oxygen e hana ai i loko o kēia ʻano o ka lewa.
Wahi a FAA, pono nā pailaka e hoʻohana i ka oxygen hou inā lele lākou ma luna o 12,500 kapuaʻi no nā minuke 30. Eia hou, inā lele lākou ma luna o 14,000 kapuaʻi, pono lākou e hoʻohana i ka oxygen hou i nā manawa a pau.
Pono nā mokulele e holo ana i loko o ka mokulele RVSM e hoʻolako pono i kā lākou mokulele me nā lako pono, e like me nā ʻōnaehana makaʻala kiʻekiʻe a me nā ʻōnaehana autopilot hiki ke mālama i ke kiʻekiʻe i loko o ± 65 kapuaʻi.
ʻO ka manawa o ka ʻike pono (TUC) i ka mokulele
He manaʻo koʻikoʻi ka Time of Useful Consciousness (TUC) i ka palekana o ka mokulele, no ka mea e pili ana i ka nui o ka manawa e hiki ai i kahi pailaka ke hana i nā hana pono i ka wā o ka nalowale koke o ka pahu pahu. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa o kahi pailaka ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hypoxia, kahi maʻi i hana ʻia e ka nele o ka oxygen i ke koko.
Hoʻololi ka TUC ma muli o nā kumu he nui, e like me ke kiʻekiʻe, ka physiology o kēlā me kēia kanaka, a me ka hele ʻana o nā kūlana olakino mua. Ma nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka TUC ke pōkole e like me kekahi mau kekona, he mea koʻikoʻi i nā pailaka ke hoʻohana i ka oxygen hou a me ka ʻike i nā hōʻailona a me nā hōʻailona o ka hypoxia.
Nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo no nā haumāna ʻo Florida Flyers Flight e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokele mokulele
No nā haumāna i hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa hoʻokele mokulele ma Florida Flyers International Flight Academy, aia kekahi mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e kōkua iā lākou e holomua a kūleʻa i kā lākou aʻo ʻana.
ʻO ka mea mua, he mea nui e mālama i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi a me kahi ʻano hana ikaika. He mea paʻakikī ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mokulele, akā me ka hoʻolaʻa a me ka hana paʻakikī, hiki i nā haumāna ke hoʻokō i kā lākou mau pahuhopu a lilo i mau pailaka holomua.
Eia hou, he mea nui e hoʻokahua i ka palekana i nā manawa a pau. ʻO ka hahai ʻana i nā kaʻina hana a me nā kuʻuna kūpono, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike kūlana, a me ke kamaʻilio maikaʻi ʻana me nā kumu aʻoaʻo a me ka ATC nā mea koʻikoʻi āpau o nā hana lele palekana.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai i loaʻa ma Florida Flyers, e like me nā kumu aʻoaʻo ʻike a me nā lako hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou loa, hiki ke kōkua i nā haumāna e hoʻokō i ko lākou hiki piha a lilo i mau pailaka mākaukau a mākaukau.
Ka hopena a me nā kumuwaiwai hou aʻe no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pūnaehana Airspace US
ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka Pūnaehana Airspace US he mea koʻikoʻi o ka holo ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ka holo ʻana, a koi i ka ʻike hohonu o nā lula ea, RVSM, kaʻawale mokulele, a me nā manaʻo nui ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana iā ʻoe iho i kēia mau manaʻo a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me nā kumu aʻo akamai, e like me nā mea ma Florida Flyers International Flight Academy, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokele wiwo ʻole i ka US Airspace System a hoʻokō i kāu mau pahuhopu mokulele.
No nā kumuwaiwai hou aʻe e pili ana i ka ʻike ʻana i ka US Airspace System, hāʻawi ka pūnaewele FAA i ka nui o ka ʻike a me nā kumuwaiwai hoʻonaʻauao, me nā puke kūhelu a me nā mea aʻo. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi nā hui mokulele e like me ka Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association a me ka National Business Aviation Association i nā kumuwaiwai like ʻole a me nā manawa hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā pailaka e ʻimi nei e hoʻonui i ko lākou ʻike a me nā mākau.
Kāhea iā mā˚ou a i ʻole e kelepona i ka hui ʻo Florida Flyers Admissions Team ma + 1 904 209 3510
